Bidirectional relationship of hypertension with obstructive sleep apnea

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 558-564

  Jhamb, Manisha ^a   Unruh, Mark ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Hypertension; Sleep apnea; Sleep duration; Sleep quality; Volume overload

Indexed keywords

ALDOSTERONE; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; DIURETIC AGENT;

BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; DIALYSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FLUID SHIFT; HUMAN; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; HYPERTENSION; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING; SLEEP QUALITY; SLEEP TIME; SODIUM RESTRICTION; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT; AGED; BLOOD PRESSURE; COMPLICATION; DRUG EFFECTS; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE;

AGED; ALDOSTERONE; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BLOOD PRESSURE; CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE; DIET, SODIUM-RESTRICTED; DIURETICS; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MIDDLE AGED; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; RISK FACTORS; SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE;

EID: 84927714243     PISSN: 10705287     EISSN: 15316971     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000102     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Calhoun DA. Obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2010; 12:189-195.
2. Friedman O, Bradley TD, Ruttanaumpawan P, Logan AG. Independent association of drug-resistant hypertension to reduced sleep duration and efficiency. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:174-179.
3. Knutson KL, Van Cauter E, Rathouz PJ, et al. Association between sleep and blood pressure in midlife: the CARDIA Sleep Study. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169:1055-1061.
4. Peppard PE, Young T, PaltaM, Skatrud J. Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1378-1384.
5. Ruttanaumpawan P, Nopmaneejumruslers C, Logan AG, et al. Association between refractory hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea. J Hypertens 2009; 27:1439-1445.
6. Wolf J, Hering D, Narkiewicz K. Nondipping pattern of hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Hypertens Res 2010; 33:867-871.
7. Cioffi G, Russo TE, Stefenelli C, et al. Severe obstructive sleep apnea elicits concentric left ventricular geometry. J Hypertens 2010; 28:1074-1082.
8. Ayas NT, White DP, Manson JE, et al. A prospective study of sleep duration and coronary heart disease in women. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163:205-209.
9. Budhiraja R, Budhiraja P, Quan SF. Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disorders. Respir Care 2010; 55:1322-1332.
10. Patel SR, Ayas NT, Malhotra MR, et al. A prospective study of sleep duration and mortality risk in women. Sleep 2004; 27:440-444.
11. Punjabi NM, Caffo BS, Goodwin JL, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and mortality: a prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2009; 6:e1000132.
12. Kuhlmann U, Becker HF, Birkhahn M, et al. Sleep-apnea in patients with endstage renal disease and objective results. Clin Nephrol 2000; 53:460-466.
13. Shayamsunder AK, Patel SS, Jain V, et al. Sleepiness, sleeplessness, and pain in end-stage renal disease: distressing symptoms for patients. Semin Dial 2005; 18:109-118.
14. Garpestad E, Basner RC, Ringler J, et al. Phenylephrine-induced hypertension acutely decreases genioglossus EMG activity in awake humans. J Appl Physiol 1992; 72:110-115.
15. Dudenbostel T, Calhoun DA. Resistant hypertension, obstructive sleep apnoea and aldosterone. J Hum Hypertens 2012; 26:281-287.
16. Chiu KL, Ryan CM, Shiota S, et al. Fluid shift by lower body positive pressure increases pharyngeal resistance in healthy subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174:1378-1383.
17. Kasai T, Bradley TD, Friedman O, Logan AG. Effect of intensified diuretic therapy on overnight rostral fluid shift and obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. J Hypertens 2014; 32:673-680. This study provides objective evidence on the effect of intensified diuretic therapy on OSA severity and overnight change in leg fluid volume among patients with uncontrolled HTN.
18. Shiota S, Ryan CM, Chiu KL, et al. Alterations in upper airway cross-sectional area in response to lower body positive pressure in healthy subjects. Thorax 2007; 62:868-872.
19. Tang SC, Lam B, Lai AS, et al. Improvement in sleep apnea during nocturnal peritoneal dialysis is associated with reduced airway congestion and better uremic clearance. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4:410-418.
20. Somers VK, White DP, Amin R, et al. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease. An American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing Council. Circulation 2008; 118:1080-1111.
21. Cutler JA, Sorlie PD, Wolz M, et al. Trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates in United States adults between 1988-1994 and 1994-2004. Hypertension 2008; 52:818-827.
22. Lloyd-Jones DM, Evans JC, Levy D. Hypertension in adults across the age spectrum: current outcomes and control in the community. JAMA 2005; 294:466-472.
23. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, et al. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360:1903-1913.
24. Nieto FJ, Young TB, Lind BK, et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. Sleep Heart Health Study. JAMA 2000; 283:1829-1836.
25. Young T, Peppard P, Palta M, et al. Population-based study of sleep-disordered breathing as a risk factor for hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157:1746-1752.
26. Demede M, Pandey A, Zizi F, et al. Resistant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea in the primary-care setting. Int J Hypertens 2011; 2011:340929.
27. Caples SM, Gami AS, Somers VK. Obstructive sleep apnea. Ann Intern Med 2005; 142:187-197.
28. Roux F, D'Ambrosio C, Mohsenin V. Sleep-related breathing disorders and cardiovascular disease. Am J Med 2000; 108:396-402.
29. Sanchez-de-la-Torre M, Campos-Rodriguez F, Barbe F. Obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiovascular disease. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1:61-72. This review summarizes the current evidence on the mechanisms by which sleep apnea contributes to cardiovascular disease, specific cardiovascular consequences of sleep apnea, and the effect of CPAP on cardiovascular outcomes.
30. Leung RS, Bradley TD. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:2147-2165.
31. Shamsuzzaman AS, Somers VK. Fibrinogen, stroke, and obstructive sleep apnea: an evolving paradigm of cardiovascular risk. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162:2018-2020.
32. Young T, Peppard P. Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: epidemiologic evidence for a relationship. Sleep 2000; 23:S122-S126.
33. Logan AG, Perlikowski SM, Mente A, et al. High prevalence of unrecognized sleep apnoea in drug-resistant hypertension. J Hypertens 2001; 19:2271-2277.
34. Abdel-Kader K, Dohar S, Shah N, et al. Resistant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea in the setting of kidney disease. J Hypertens 2012; 30:960-966.
35. Barbe F, Duran-Cantolla J, Capote F, et al. Long-term effect of continuous positive airway pressure in hypertensive patients with sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181:718-726.
36. Duran-Cantolla J, Aizpuru F, Montserrat JM, et al. Continuous positive airway pressure as treatment for systemic hypertension in people with obstructive sleep apnoea: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2010; 341:c5991.
37. Jhamb M, Brown LK, Unruh M. Resistant hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea: is continuous positive airway pressure the next step? Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 64:13-15.
38. Martinez-Garcia MA, Capote F, Campos-Rodriguez F, et al. Effect of CPAP on blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and resistant hypertension: the HIPARCO randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013; 310:2407-2415. This randomized controlled trial offers the most convincing evidence to date showing CPAP to have a significant BP-lowering effect in patients with resistant hypertension and OSA.
39. Montesi SB, Edwards BA, Malhotra A, Bakker JP. The effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Sleep Med 2012; 8:587-596.
40. Marks JD, Harper RM. Differential inhibition of the diaphragm and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles induced by transient hypertension across sleep states in intact cats. Exp Neurol 1987; 95:730-742.
41. Mayor AH, Schwartz AR, Rowley JA, et al. Effect of blood pressure changes on air flow dynamics in the upper airway of the decerebrate cat. Anesthesiology 1996; 84:128-134.
42. WasickoMJ, Giering RW, Knuth SL, Leiter JC. Hypoglossal and phrenic nerve responses to carotid baroreceptor stimulation. J Appl Physiol 1993; 75:1395-1403.
43. Salamone JA, Strohl KP, Weiner DM, et al. Cranial and phrenic nerve responses to changes in systemic blood pressure. J Appl Physiol 1983; 55 (1 Pt 1):61-68.
44. Wilson CR, Manchanda S, Crabtree D, et al. An induced blood pressure rise does not alter upper airway resistance in sleeping humans. J Appl Physiol 1998; 84:269-276.
45. Beecroft JM, Hoffstein V, Pierratos A, et al. Pharyngeal narrowing in end-stage renal disease: implications for obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J 2007; 30:965-971.
46. Hoffstein V, Zamel N, Phillipson EA. Lung volume dependence of pharyngeal cross-sectional area in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984; 130:175-178.
47. Beecroft JM, Hoffstein V, Pierratos A, et al. Nocturnal haemodialysis increases pharyngeal size in patients with sleep apnoea and end-stage renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23:673-679.
48. Elias RM, Bradley TD, Kasai T, et al. Rostral overnight fluid shift in end-stage renal disease: relationship with obstructive sleep apnea. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:1569-1573.
49. Redolfi S, Arnulf I, Pottier M, et al. Attenuation of obstructive sleep apnea by compression stockings in subjects with venous insufficiency. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184:1062-1066.
50. Friedman O, Bradley TD, Chan CT, et al. Relationship between overnight rostral fluid shift and obstructive sleep apnea in drug-resistant hypertension. Hypertension 2010; 56:1077-1082.
51. Jafari B, Mohsenin V. Overnight rostral fluid shift in obstructive sleep apnea: does it affect the severity of sleep-disordered breathing? Chest 2011; 140:991-997.
52. Wilson IM, Freis ED. Relationship between plasma and extracellular fluid volume depletion and the antihypertensive effect of chlorothiazide. Circulation 1959; 20:1028-1036.
53. Hanly PJ, Pierratos A. Improvement of sleep apnea in patients with chronic renal failure who undergo nocturnal hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:102-107.
54. Tang SC, Lam B, Ku PP, et al. Alleviation of sleep apnea in patients with chronic renal failure by nocturnal cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis compared with conventional continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:2607-2616.
55. Auckley DH, Schmidt-Nowara W, Brown LK. Reversal of sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in end-stage renal disease after kidney transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 1999; 34:739-744.
56. Gonzaga CC, Gaddam KK, Ahmed MI, et al. Severity of obstructive sleep apnea is related to aldosterone status in subjects with resistant hypertension. J Clin Sleep Med 2010; 6:363-368.
57. Gaddam K, Pimenta E, Thomas SJ, et al. Spironolactone reduces severity of obstructive sleep apnoea in patients with resistant hypertension: a preliminary report. J Hum Hypertens 2010; 24:532-537.
58. Moller DS, Lind P, Strunge B, Pedersen EB. Abnormal vasoactive hormones and 24-hour blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Hypertens 2003; 16:274-280.
59. Witkowski A, Prejbisz A, Florczak E, et al. Effects of renal sympathetic denervation on blood pressure, sleep apnea course, and glycemic control in patients with resistant hypertension and sleep apnea. Hypertension 2011; 58:559-565.
60. Pruthi D, McCurley A, Aronovitz M, et al. Aldosterone promotes vascular remodeling by direct effects on smooth muscle cell mineralocorticoid receptors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:355-364.
61. Zhang ZH, Yu Y, Kang YM, et al. Aldosterone acts centrally to increase brain renin-angiotensin system activity and oxidative stress in normal rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 294:H1067-H11074.
62. Kirsch T, Beese M, Wyss K, et al. Aldosterone modulates endothelial permeability and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity by rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Hypertension 2013; 61:501-508.
63. Kraiczi H, Hedner J, Peker Y, Grote L. Comparison of atenolol, amlodipine, enalapril, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan for antihypertensive treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:1423-1428.
64. Mayer J, Weichler U, Herres-Mayer B, et al. Influence of metoprolol and cilazapril on blood pressure and on sleep apnea activity. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990; 16:952-961.
65. Peter JH, Gassel W, Mayer J, et al. Effects of cilazapril on hypertension, sleep, and apnea. Am J Med 1989; 87 (6B):72S-78S.
66. Weichler U, Herres-Mayer B, Mayer J, et al. Influence of antihypertensive drug therapy on sleep pattern and sleep apnea activity. Cardiology 1991; 78:124-130.
67. Heitmann J, Greulich T, Reinke C, et al. Comparison of the effects of nebivolol and valsartan on BP reduction and sleep apnoea activity in patients with essential hypertension and OSA. Curr Med Res Opin 2010; 26:1925-1932.
68. Planes C, Foucher A, Leroy M, et al. Effect of celiprolol treatment in hypertensive patients with sleep apnea. Sleep 1999; 22:507-513.
69. Grote L, Wutkewicz K, Knaack L, et al. Association between blood pressure reduction with antihypertensive treatment and sleep apnea activity. Am J Hypertens 2000; 13:1280-1287.
70. Eikermann M, Jordan AS, Chamberlin NL, et al. The influence of aging on pharyngeal collapsibility during sleep. Chest 2007; 131:1702-1709.
71. Malhotra A, Huang Y, Fogel R, et al. Aging influences on pharyngeal anatomy and physiology: the predisposition to pharyngeal collapse. Am J Med 2006; 119:72; e9-14.
72. Patel SR, Frame JM, Larkin EK, Redline S. Heritability of upper airway dimensions derived using acoustic pharyngometry. Eur Respir J 2008; 32:1304-1308.
73. IOM (Institute of Medicine). A population based policy and systems change approach to prevent and control hypertension. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2010.
74. Cushman WC, Grimm RH Jr, Cutler JA, et al. Rationale and design for the blood pressure intervention of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99 (12A):44i-55i.
75. Cichelero FT, Martinez D, Fuchs SC, et al. The effect of antihypertensive agents on sleep apnea: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15:1.
76. Gul A, Miskulin D, Gassman J, et al. Design of the blood pressure goals in dialysis pilot study. Am J Med Sci 2014; 347:125-130.