Allopurinol use and risk of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction

Heart

Volumn 101, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 679-685

  De Abajo, Francisco J ^a,d   Gil, Miguel J ^b   Rodríguez, Antonio ^a   García Poza, Patricia ^a   Álvarez, Arturo ^b   Bryant, Verónica ^b   García Rodríguez, Luis A ^c  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO PRÍNCIPE DE ASTURIAS   (Spain)

^b Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices   (Spain)

^c Department of Pharmacoepidemiology   (Spain)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ALCALÁ   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLOPURINOL; URIC ACID; SCAVENGER;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG USE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GOUT; HUMAN; HYPERURICEMIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; POPULATION BASED CASE CONTROL STUDY; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENCE RISK; RECURRENT DISEASE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; SEX DIFFERENCE; TREATMENT DURATION; URIC ACID BLOOD LEVEL; CASE CONTROL STUDY; COMPLICATION; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; RISK FACTOR; VERY ELDERLY;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ALLOPURINOL; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; FEMALE; FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS; GOUT; HUMANS; HYPERURICEMIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; RISK FACTORS; URIC ACID;

EID: 84927642345     PISSN: 13556037     EISSN: 1468201X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306670     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Zhang W, Doherty M, Bardin T, et al.; EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics. EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: management. Report of a task force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65:1312-24.
2. Richette P, Bardin T. Gout. Lancet 2010;375:318-28.
3. Pacher P, Nivorozhkin A, Szabo C. Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol. Pharmacol Rev 2006;58:87-114.
4. Landmesser U, Spiekermann S, Dikalov S, et al. Vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure: role of xanthine-oxidase and extracellular superoxide dismutase. Circulation 2002;106:3073-8.
5. Harrison D, Griendling KK, Landmesser U, et al. Role of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis. Am J Cardiol 2003;91(3 Suppl):7A-11A.
6. Struthers A, Shearer F. Allopurinol: novel indications in cardiovascular disease. Heart 2012;98:1543-5.
7. Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Alpérovitch A, Aubrun E, et al. the PGRx MI Group. Impact of allopurinol on risk of myocardial infarction. Ann Rheum Dis 2015;74: 836-42.
8. Ray WA. Evaluating medication effects outside of clinical trials: new-user designs. Am J Epidemiol 2003;158:915-20.
9. De Abajo FJ, Gil MJ, Bryant V, et al. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with NSAIDs, other drugs and interactions: a nested case-control study in a new general practice database. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013;69:691-701.
10. De Abajo FJ, Gil MJ, García Poza P, et al. Risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction associated with non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, non-narcotic analgesics and other drug used in osteoarthritis: a nested case-control study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2014;23:1128-38. 11 (WICC) International Classification of Primary Care-2nd Edition Wonca International Classification Committee. http://qicpd.racgp.org.au/media/57417/ icpc-codes.pdf (accessed 20 Oct2013).
11. Rothman K, Greenland S, Lash TS. Case-control studies. In: Rothman K, Greenland S, Lash TS, eds, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott, William & Wilkins, 2008, 111-27.
12. Agencia Espaola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios. Restricción del uso de benzbromarona (urinorm®) y suspensión de comercialización de benziodarona (dilafurane®) y de las asociaciones benzbromarona-alopurinol (acifugan®, facilit®) . http://www.aemps.gob.es/informa/notasInformativas/medicamentosUsoHumano/ seguridad/2004/NI-2004-02-urinorm.htm (accessed 20 Oct 2013).
13. Toh S, García Rodríguez LA, HernánMA. Analyzing partially missing confounder information in comparative effectiveness and safety research of therapeutics. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2012;21(Suppl 2):13-20.
14. Luk AJ, Levin GP, Moore EE, et al. Allopurinol and mortality in hyperuricaemic patients. Rheumatology 2009;48:804-6.
15. Wei L, Mackenzie IS, Chen Y, et al. Impact of allopurinol use on urate concentration and cardiovascular outcome. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011;71:600-7.
16. Goicoechea M, García de Vinuesa S, Verdalles U, et al. Effect of allopurinol in chronic kidney disease progression and cardiovascular risk. Clin J Am Soc Nephrolo 2010;5:1388-93.
17. Thanassoulis G, Brophy JM, Richard H, et al. Gout, allopurinol use, and heart failure outcomes. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:1358-64.
18. Dubreuil M, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, et al. Allopurinol initiation and all-cause mortality in the general population. Ann Rheum Dis Published Online First: 24 Mar 2014. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205269
19. Higgins P, Dawson J, Lees KR, et al. Xanthine oxidase inhibition for the treatment of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Ther 2012;30:217-26.
20. Rajagopalan S, Meng XP, Ramasamy S, et al . Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophage-derived foam cells regulate the activity of vascular matrix metalloproteinases in vitro. Implications for atherosclerotic plaque stability. J Clin Invest 1996;98:2572-9.
21. Noman A, Ang DSC, Ogston S, et al. Effect of high-dose allopurinol on exercise in patients with chronic angina: a randomised, placebo controlled crossover trial. Lancet 2010;375:2161-7.
22. Szwejkowski BR, Gandy SJ, Rekhraj S, et al. Allopurinol reduces left ventricular mass in patients with type 2 diabetes and left ventricular hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:2284-93.
23. Kok VC, Horng JT, Chang WS, et al. Allopurinol therapy in gout patients does not associate with beneficial cardiovascular outcomes: a population-based matched cohort study. PLoS ONE 2014;9:e99102.
24. George J, Carr E, Davies J, et al. High-dose allopurinol improves endothelial function by profoundly reducing vascular oxidative stress and not by lowering uric acid. Circulation 2006;114:2508-16.
25. Nidorf SM, Eikelboom JW, Budgeon CA, et al. Low-dose colchicine for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61: 404-10.
26. Feig D, Kang DH, Johnson RJ. Uric acid and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1811-21.
27. Johnson RJ, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Mazzali M, et al. What are the key arguments against uric acid as a true risk factor for hypertension. Hypertension 2013;61:948-51.
28. Kirshnan E, Baker JF, Furst DE, et al. Gout and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:2688-96.
29. Choi HK, Curhan G. Independent impact of gout on mortality and risk for coronary heart disease. Circulation 2007;116:894-900.