A Modular Multiport Power Electronic Transformer With Integrated Split Battery Energy Storage for Versatile Ultrafast EV Charging Stations

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Volumn 62, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 3213-3222

  Vasiladiotis, Michail ^a   Rufer, Alfred ^a  

^a EPFL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Cascaded H Bridge (CHB) converter; DC ultra fast charging; dual half bridge (DHB); electric vehicles (EVs); isolated DC DC converter; multiport converter; Power Electronic Transformer (PET); split battery energy storage; state of charge (SoC) balancing

Indexed keywords

BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS; BRIDGE CIRCUITS; DC TRANSFORMERS; DC-DC CONVERTERS; ELECTRIC BATTERIES; ELECTRIC CONNECTORS; ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION NETWORKS; ELECTRIC TRANSFORMERS; ELECTRIC VEHICLES; ENERGY STORAGE; POWER CONVERTERS; SECONDARY BATTERIES;

BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE; CASCADED H BRIDGE (CHB); DC ULTRA FAST CHARGING; ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EVS); HALF BRIDGE; ISOLATED DC/DC CONVERTERS; MULTI-PORT; POWER ELECTRONIC TRANSFORMER; STATE OF CHARGE;

CHARGING (BATTERIES);

EID: 84927627992     PISSN: 02780046     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2014.2367237     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. S. Haghbin, S. Lundmark, M. Alaküla, and O. Carlson, "Grid-connected integrated battery chargers in vehicle applications: Review and new solution," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 459-473, Feb. 2013.
2. J.-Y. Lee and H.-J. Chae, "6.6-kW onboard charger design using DCM PFC converter with harmonic modulation technique and two-stage dc/dc converter," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 1243-1252, Mar. 2014.
3. Z. Amjadi and S. S. Williamson, "Power-electronics-based solutions for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle energy storage and management systems," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 608-616, Feb. 2010.
4. M. Yilmaz and P. T. Krein, "Review of battery charger topologies, charging power levels, infrastructure for plug-in electric and hybrid vehicles," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 2151-2169, May 2013.
5. A. Kuperman, U. Levy, A. Zafransky, and A. Savernin, "Battery charger for electric vehicle traction battery switch station," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 5391-5399, Dec. 2013.
6. M. Takagi et al., "Economic value of PV energy storage using batteries of battery-switch stations," IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 164-173, Jan. 2013.
7. Q. Dai, T. Cai, S. Duan, and F. Zhao, "Stochastic modeling and forecasting of load demand for electric bus battery-swap station," IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1909-1917, Aug. 2014.
8. B. Kang and G. Ceder, "Battery materials for ultrafast charging and discharging," Nature, vol. 458, no. 7235, pp. 190-193, Mar. 2009.
9. H. Zhang, X. Yu, and P. V. Braun, "Three-dimensional bicontinuous ultrafast-charge and -discharge bulk battery electrodes," Nat. Nanotechnol., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 277-281, May 2011.
10. 4 batteries," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1555-1562, Apr. 2013.
11. D. Aggeler, F. Canales, H. Zelaya-De La Parra, N. Butcher, and O. Apeldoorn, "Ultra-fast dc-charge infrastructures for EV-mobility and future smart grids," in Proc. IEEE ISGT, Oct. 11-13, 2010, pp. 1-8.
12. K. Yunus, H. Zelaya-De La Parra, and M. Reza, "Distribution grid impact of plug-in electric vehicles charging at fast charging stations using stochastic charging model," in Proc. 14th EPE Conf. Appl., Aug. 30- Sep. 1, 2011, pp. 1-11.
13. S. Bai, D. Yu, and S. Lukic, "Optimum design of an EV/PHEV charging station with dc bus and storage system," in Proc. IEEE ECCE, Sep. 12-16, 2010, pp. 1178-1184.
14. G. Joos, M. de Freige, and M. Dubois, "Design and simulation of a fast charging station for PHEV/EV batteries," in Proc. IEEE EPEC, Aug. 25-27, 2010, pp. 1-5.
15. H. Hõimoja et al., "Towards ultrafast charging solutions of electric vehicles," in Proc. Cigré Session 44, Paris, France, Aug. 26-31, 2012, pp. 1-8.
16. S. Bai and S. M. Lukic, "Unified active filter and energy storage system for an MW electric vehicle charging station," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 5793-5803, Dec. 2013.
17. G. Waltrich, J. L. Duarte, and M. A. M. Hendrix, "Multiport converter for fast charging of electrical vehicle battery," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 2129-2139, Nov./Dec. 2012.
18. H. Hõimoja, M. Vasiladiotis, and A. Rufer, "Power interfaces and storage selection for an ultrafast EV charging station," in Proc. IET 6th Int. Conf. PEMD, Mar. 27-29, 2012, pp. 1-6.
19. A. Maitra, "Utility direct technology boosts efficiency of fast charging for electric vehicles," How2power Today Newslett. Apr. 2012.
20. M. Vasiladiotis, A. Rufer, and A. Béguin, "Modular converter architecture for medium voltage ultra fast EV charging stations: Global system considerations," in Proc. IEEE IEVC, Mar. 4-8, 2012, pp. 1-7.
21. S. Wang, R. Crosier, and Y. Chu, "Investigating the power architectures and circuit topologies for megawatt superfast electric vehicle charging stations with enhanced grid support functionality," in Proc. IEEE IEVC, Mar. 4-8, 2012, pp. 1-8.
22. A. Rufer, N. Schibli, and C. Briguet, "A direct coupled 4-quadrant multilevel converter for 16 2/3 Hz traction systems," in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. PEVD, Sep. 23-25, 1996, pp. 448-453.
23. C. Zhao et al., "Power electronic traction transformer-medium voltage prototype," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 3257-3268, Jul. 2014.
24. D. Dujic et al., "Power electronic traction transformer-low voltage prototype," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 5522-5534, Dec. 2013.
25. F. Iov et al., "UNIFLEX-PM - A key-enabling technology for future European electricity networks," Eur. Power Electron. Drives Assoc. J., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 6-16, Oct.-Dec. 2009.
26. H. Akagi and R. Kitada, "Control and design of a modular multilevel cascade BTB system using bidirectional isolated dc/dc converters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 2457-2464, Sep. 2011.
27. T. Zhao, G. Wang, S. Bhattacharya, and A. Q. Huang, "Voltage and power balance control for a cascaded H-bridge converter-based solid-state transformer," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1523-1532, Apr. 2013.
28. X. She, A. Q. Huang, and R. Burgos, "Review of solid-state transformer technologies and their application in power distribution systems," IEEE J. Emerging Sel. Topics Power Electron., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 186-198, Sep. 2013.
29. M. Vasiladiotis, B. Bahrani, N. Burger, and A. Rufer, "Modular converter architecture for medium voltage ultra fast EV charging stations: Dual half-bridge- based isolation stage," in Proc. IEEE IPEC, May 18-21, 2014, pp. 1-8.
30. H. Li, F. Z. Peng, and J. S. Lawler, "A natural ZVS medium-power bidirectional dc-dc converter with minimum number of devices," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 525-535, Mar./Apr. 2003.
31. M. Vasiladiotis and A. Rufer, "Analysis and control of modular multilevel converters with integrated battery energy storage," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 163-175, Jan. 2015.
32. M. Vasiladiotis and A. Rufer, "Balancing control actions for cascaded H-bridge converters with integrated battery energy storage," in Proc. 15th EPE Conf. Appl., Sep. 2-6, 2013, pp. 1-10.
33. A. Karimi and G. Galdos, "Fixed-order H∞ controller design for nonparametric models by convex optimization," Automatica, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 1388-1394, Aug. 2010.
34. G. Galdos, A. Karimi, and R. Longchamp, "H∞ controller design for spectral MIMO models by convex optimization," J. Process Control, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1175-1182, Dec. 2010.
35. B. Bahrani, M. Saeedifard, A. Karimi, and A. Rufer, "A multivariable design methodology for voltage control of a single-DG-unit microgrid," IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 589-599, May 2013.
36. Z. Wang and H. Li, "Optimized operating mode of current-fed dual half bridges dc-dc converters for energy storage applications," in Proc. IEEE ECCE, Sep. 20-24, 2009, pp. 731-737.
37. H. Daneshpajooh, A. Bakhshai, and P. Jain, "Optimizing dual half bridge converter for full range soft switching and high efficiency," in Proc. IEEE ECCE, Sep. 17-22, 2011, pp. 1296-1301.
38. X. Liu, H. Li, and Z. Wang, "A fuel cell power conditioning system with low-frequency ripple-free input current using a control-oriented power pulsation decoupling strategy," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 159-169, Jan. 2014.
39. Powerizer Product Catalog. [Online]. Available: www.batteryspace.com
40. M. Vasiladiotis, N. Cherix, and A. Rufer, "Accurate capacitor voltage ripple estimation and current control considerations for grid-connected modular multilevel converters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 4568-4579, Sep. 2014.
41. N. Cherix, S. Delalay, P. Barrade, and A. Rufer, "Fail-safe modular control platform for power electronic applications in R&D environments," in Proc. 15th EPE Conf. Appl., Sep. 2-6, 2013, pp. 1-10.