Penetration of biomass-burning emissions from South Asia through the Himalayas: New insights from atmospheric organic acids

Scientific Reports

Volumn 5, Issue , 2015, Pages

  Cong, Zhiyuan ^a,b,c   Kawamura, Kimitaka ^b   Kang, Shichang ^c,d   Fu, Pingqing ^e  

^a INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

^b HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c CAS CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE IN TIBETAN PLATEAU EARTH SCIENCES   (China)

^d Chinese Academy of Sciences   (China)

^e INSTITUTE OF ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACID; AIR POLLUTANT; ORGANIC COMPOUND;

AIR POLLUTANT; ASIA; ATMOSPHERE; BIOMASS; CHEMISTRY; FIRE; HUMAN;

ACIDS; AIR POLLUTANTS; ASIA; ATMOSPHERE; BIOMASS; FIRES; HUMANS; ORGANIC CHEMICALS;

EID: 84927600577     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/srep09580     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Kang, S. et al. Review of climate and cryospheric change in the Tibetan Plateau. Environ. Res. Lett. 5, 015101 (2010).
2. Yao, T. et al. Third Pole Environment (TPE). Environ. Dev. 3, 52-64 (2012).
3. Lutz, A., Immerzeel, W., Shrestha, A. & Bierkens, M. Consistent increase in High Asia's runoff due to increasing glacier melt and precipitation. Nat. Clim. Change 4, 587-592 (2014).
4. Schaner, N., Voisin, N., Nijssen, B. & Lettenmaier, D. P. The contribution of glacier melt to streamflow. Environ. Res. Lett. 7, 034029 (2012).
5. Ramanathan, V. et al. Atmospheric brown clouds: Impacts on South Asian climate and hydrological cycle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 5326-5333 (2005).
6. Bonasoni, P. et al. Atmospheric Brown Clouds in the Himalayas: first two years of continuous observations at the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (5079 m). Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 7515-7531 (2010).
7. Lawrence, M. G. Atmospheric science: Asia under a high-level brown cloud. Nat. Geosci. 4, 352-353 (2011).
8. Rahul, P. R. C. et al. Double blanket effect caused by two layers of black carbon aerosols escalates warming in the Brahmaputra River Valley. Sci. Rep. 4, DOI:10.1038/srep03670 (2014).
9. Gardner, A. S. et al. A Reconciled Estimate of Glacier Contributions to Sea Level Rise: 2003 to 2009. Science 340, 852-857 (2013).
10. Qian, Y., Flanner, M. G., Leung, L. R. & Wang, W. Sensitivity studies on the impacts of Tibetan Plateau snowpack pollution on the Asian hydrological cycle and monsoon climate. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 1929-1948 (2011).
11. Menon, S. et al. Black carbon aerosols and the third polar ice cap. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 4559-4571 (2010).
12. Lau, W. K. M., Kim, M.-K., Kim, K.-M. & Lee, W.-S. Enhanced surface warming and accelerated snow melt in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau induced by absorbing aerosols. Environ. Res. Lett. 5, 025204 (2010).
13. Ming, J. et al. Darkening of the mid-Himalaya glaciers since 2000 and the potential causes. Environ. Res. Lett. 7, 014021 (2012).
14. Narukawa, M., Kawamura, K., Takeuchi, N. & Nakajima, T. Distribution of dicarboxylic acids and carbon isotopic compositions in aerosols from 1997 Indonesian forest fires. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 3101-3104 (1999).
15. Claeys, M. et al. Formation of secondary organic aerosols through photooxidation of isoprene. Science 303, 1173-1176 (2004).
16. Kawamura, K., Kasukabe, H. & Barrie, L. A. Source and reaction pathways of dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids and dicarbonyls in arctic aerosols: One year of observations. Atmos. Environ. 30, 1709-1722 (1996).
17. Zhang, R. et al. Atmospheric new particle formation enhanced by organic acids. Science 304, 1487-1490 (2004).
18. Kawamura, K. & Ikushima, K. Seasonal changes in the distribution of dicarboxylic acids in the urban atmosphere. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27, 2227-2235 (1993).
19. van Pinxteren, D., Neusüß, C. & Herrmann, H. On the abundance and source contributions of dicarboxylic acids in size-resolved aerosol particles at continental sites in Central Europe. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 14, 3913-3928 (2014).
20. Legrand, M. et al.Origin of C2-C5 dicarboxylic acids in the European atmosphere inferred from year-round aerosol study conducted at a west-east transect. J. Geophys. Res. -Atmos 112, DOI:10.1029/2006JD008019 (2007).
21. Fu, P., Kawamura, K., Usukura, K. & Miura, K. Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and glyoxal in the marine aerosols collected during a round-the-world cruise. Mar. Chem. 148, 22-32 (2013).
22. Kawamura, K., Kasukabe, H. & Barrie, L. A. Secondary formation of water-soluble organic acids and α-dicarbonyls and their contributions to total carbon and water-soluble organic carbon: Photochemical aging of organic aerosols in the Arctic spring. J. Geophys. Res. -Atmos 115, doi:10.1029/2010JD014299 (2010).
23. Kang, S., Dahe, Q., Mayewski, P. A. & Wake, C. P. Recent 180 Year Oxalate (C2O42-) Records Recovered from the Mount Everest Ice Core: Some Environmental Implications. J. Glaciol. 47, 155-156 (2001).
24. Kawamura, K., Imai, Y. & Barrie, L. A. Photochemical production and loss of organic acids in high Arctic aerosols during long-range transport and polar sunrise ozone depletion events. Atmos. Environ. 39, 599-614 (2005).
25. Kawamura, K. et al. Water soluble dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in Antarctic aerosols. J. Geophys. Res. -Atmos 101, 18721-18728 (1996).
26. Mochida, M. et al. Seasonal variation and origins of dicarboxylic acids in the marine atmosphere over the western North Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. -Atmos 108, DOI:10.1029/2002JD002355 (2003).
27. Miyazaki, Y. et al. Dicarboxylic acids and water-soluble organic carbon in aerosols in New Delhi, India, in winter: Characteristics and formation processes. J. Geophys. Res. -Atmos 114, DOI:10.1029/2009JD011790 (2009).
28. Pavuluri, C. M., Kawamura, K. & Swaminathan, T. Water-soluble organic carbon, dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids, and α-dicarbonyls in the tropical Indian aerosols. J. Geophys. Res. -Atmos 115, DOI:10.1029/2009JD012661 (2010).
29. Ho, K. F. et al. Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and dicarbonyls in the urban roadside area of Hong Kong. Atmos. Environ. 40, 3030-3040 (2006).
30. Sempéré, R. & Kawamura, K. Trans-hemispheric contribution of C2C10 α, ω-dicarboxylic acids, and related polar compounds to water-soluble organic carbon in the western Pacific aerosols in relation to photochemical oxidation reactions. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle 17, DOI:10.1029/2002GB001980 (2003).
31. Kawamura, K. et al. High abundances of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in the mountaintop aerosols over the North China Plain during wheat burning season. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, 8285-8302 (2013).
32. Kundu, S. et al. Molecular distributions of dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in biomass burning aerosols: implications for photochemical production and degradation in smoke layers. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 2209-2225 (2010).
33. Meng, J. et al. Atmospheric oxalic acid and related secondary organic aerosols in Qinghai Lake, a continental background site in Tibet Plateau. Atmos. Environ. 79, 582-589 (2013).
34. Kawamura, K. & Sakaguchi, F. Molecular distributions of water soluble dicarboxylic acids in marine aerosols over the Pacific Ocean including tropics. J. Geophys. Res. -Atmos 104, 3501-3510 (1999).
35. Ho, K. F. et al. Dicarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic acids, α-dicarbonyls, fatty acids, and benzoic acid in urban aerosols collected during the 2006 Campaign of Air Quality Research in Beijing (CAREBeijing-2006). J. Geophys. Res. -Atmos 115, DOI:10.1029/2009JD013304 (2010).
36. Simoneit, B. R. T. Biomass burning - a review of organic tracers for smoke from incomplete combustion. Appl. Geochem. 17, 129-162 (2002).
37. Putero, D. et al. Influence of open vegetation fires on black carbon and ozone variability in the southern Himalayas (NCO-P, 5079 m a.s.l.). Environ. Pollut. 184, 597-604 (2014).
38. Vadrevu, K. P. et al. Vegetation fires in the himalayan region - Aerosol load, black carbon emissions and smoke plume heights. Atmos. Environ. 47, 241-251 (2012).
39. Marinoni, A. et al. Aerosol mass and black carbon concentrations, a two year record at NCO-P (5079 m, Southern Himalayas). Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 8551-8562 (2010).
40. Zou, H. et al. Local wind system in the Rongbuk Valley on the northern slope of Mt. Everest. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35, DOI:10.1029/2008GL033466 (2008).
41. Chen, X., Su, Z., Ma, Y. & Sun, F. Analysis of Land-Atmosphere Interactions over the North Region of Mt. Qomolangma (Mt. Everest). Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. 44, 412-422 (2012).
42. Hindman, E. E. & Upadhyay, B. P. Air pollution transport in the Himalayas of Nepal and Tibet during the 1995-1996 dry season. Atmos. Environ. 36, 727-739 (2002).
43. Qian, Y. et al. Light-absorbing particles in snow and ice: Measurement and modeling of climatic and hydrological impact. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 32, 64-91 (2015).
44. Cong, Z. Y. et al. Elemental and individual particle analysis of atmospheric aerosols from high Himalayas. Environ. Monit. Assess. 160, 323-335 (2010).
45. Kawamura, K. Identification of C2-C10 ω-oxocarboxylic acids, pyruvic acid, and C2-C3 α-dicarbonyls in wet precipitation and aerosol samples by capillary GC and GC/MS. Anal. Chem. 65, 3505-3511 (1993).
46. Fu, P. et al. Organic molecular compositions and temporal variations of summertime mountain aerosols over Mt. Tai, North China Plain. J. Geophys. Res. -Atmos 113, DOI:10.1029/2008JD009900 (2008).