Update on the key developments of the neurologic complications in children infected with HIV

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 533-538

  Wilmshurst, Jo M ^a   Donald, Kirsten A ^a   Eley, Brian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Cerebrovascular disease; Child; Epilepsy; HIV; Neurocognition; Neuroinfections

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; VITAMIN D;

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS; BONE DENSITY; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTION; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; EPILEPSY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; NEUROBIOLOGY; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATION; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHILD; INFANT; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEWBORN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PSYCHOLOGY; VIROLOGY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COGNITION DISORDERS; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84927584711     PISSN: 1746630X     EISSN: 17466318     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000101     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. United Nations Children's Fund. Towards an AIDS-free generation-children and AIDS: sixth stocktaking report. UNICEF, New York 2013; Available at: http://www.childrenandaids.org/files/str6-full-report-29-11-2013.pdf. [Accessed December 2013]
2. Civitello L. Neurologic problems. In: Zeichner SL, Read JS, editors. Handbook of pediatric HIV care Cambridge. Cambridge University Press; 2006; p. 503518.
3. Govender R, Eley B, Walker K, et al. Neurologic and neurobehavioral sequelae in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. J Child Neurol 2011; 26:1355-1364.
4. Patel K, Ming X, Williams PL, et al. Impact of HAART and CNS-penetrating antiretroviral regimens on HIV-encephalopathy among perinatally infected children and adolescents. AIDS 2009; 23:1893-1901.
5. Wilmshurst JM, Burgess J, Hartley P, Eley B. Specific neurologic complications of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in children. J Child Neurol 2006; 21:788-794.
6. Donald KA, Hoare J, Eley B, Wilmshurst JM. Neurologic complications of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus: implications for clinical practice and management challenges in the African setting. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2014; 21:3-11.
7. Sturdevant CB, Dow A, Jabara CB, et al. Central nervous system compartmentalization of HIV-1 subtype C variants early and late in infection in young children. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1003094.
8. Singh KK, Wang Y, Gray KP, et al. Genetic variants in the host restriction factor APOBEC3G are associated with HIV-1-related disease progression and central nervous system impairment in children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2013; 62:197-203.
9. van Toorn R, Schaaf HS, Laubscher JA, et al. Short intensified treatment in children with drug-susceptible tuberculous meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014; 33:248-252.
10. McCormick DW, Wilson ML, Mankhambo L, et al. Risk factors for death and severe sequelae in Malawian children with bacterial meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32:e54-e61.
11. Milagres LG, Costa PR, Santos BA, et al. CD4+ T-cell activation impairs serogroup C Neisseria meningitis vaccine response in HIV-infected children. AIDS 2013; 27:2697-2705.
12. Spector SA, Qin M, Lujan-Zilbermann J, et al. Genetic variants in toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, TLR9, and FCgamma receptor II are associated with antibody response to quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine in HIVinfected youth. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2013; 20:900-906.
13. Bwakura-Dangarembizi M, Kendall L, Bakeera-Kitaka S, et al. A randomized trial of prolonged co-trimoxazole in HIV-infected children in Africa. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:41-53.
14. Singer EJ, Valdes-Sueiras M, Commins DL, et al. HIV stroke risk: evidence and implications. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2013; 4:61-70.
15. Qureshi AI, Janssen RS, Karon JM, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and stroke in young patients. Arch Neurol 1997; 54:1150-1153.
16. Park YD, Belman AL, Kim TS, et al. Stroke in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Neurol 1990; 28:303-311.
17. Kolapo KO, Vento S. Stroke: a realistic approach to a growing problem in sub-Saharan Africa is urgently needed. Trop Med Int Health 2011; 16:707-710.
18. Ndondo AP, Wieselthaler NA, Wilmshurst JM. Moyamoya syndrome and stroke in South African children: is HIV infection a risk factor? Abstract PO-Vas 5. XI International Child Neurology Congress 2010. 2010; Available at: www.icnapedia.org/journal/index.php/icna/article/download/32/39. [Accessed April 2014]
19. Gresele P, Falcinelli E, Sebastiano M, Baldelli F. Endothelial and platelet function alterations in HIV-infected patients. Thromb Res 2012; 129:301-308.
20. Patsalides AD, Wood LV, Atac GK, et al. Cerebrovascular disease in HIVinfected pediatric patients: neuroimaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002; 179:999-1003.
21. Tipping B, de Villiers L, Candy S, Wainwright H. Stroke caused by human immunodeficiency virus-associated intracranial large-vessel aneurysmal vasculopathy. Arch Neurol 2006; 63:1640-1642.
22. Pinto AN. AIDS and cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 1996; 27:538-543.
23. Di Biagio A, Rosso R, Maggi P, et al. Inflammation markers correlate with common carotid intima-media thickness in patients perinatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Ultrasound Med 2013; 32:763-768.
24. Izbudak I, Chalian M, Hutton N, et al. Perinatally HIV-infected youth presenting with acute stroke: progression/evolution of ischemic disease on neuroimaging. J Neuroradiol 2013; 40:172-180.
25. Delgado Almandoz JE, Crandall BM, Fease JL, et al. Successful endovascular treatment of three fusiform cerebral aneurysms with the Pipeline Embolization Device in a patient with dilating HIV vasculopathy. J NeuroIntervent Surg 2014; 6:e12.
26. Ngugi AK, Bottomley C, Kleinschmidt I, et al. Estimation of the burden of active and life-time epilepsy: a meta-analytic approach. Epilepsia 2010; 51:883-890.
27. Samia P, Petersen R, Walker KG, et al. Prevalence of seizures in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Child Neurol 2013; 28:297-302.
28. Yacoob Y, Bhigjee AI, Moodley P, Parboosing R. Sodium valproate and highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV positive patients who develop new onset seizures. Seizure 2011; 20:80-82.
29. Yong MK, Elliott JH, Woolley IJ, Hoy JF. Low CD4 count is associated with an increased risk of fragility fracture in HIV-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2011; 57:205-210.
30. Yin M, Stein E. The effect of antiretrovirals on vitamin D. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:406-408.
31. Dao CN, Patel P, Overton ET, et al. Low vitamin D among HIV-infected adults: prevalence of and risk factors for low vitamin D Levels in a cohort of HIVinfected adults and comparison to prevalence among adults in the US general population. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:396-405.
32. Ackermann C, Andronikou S, Laughton B, et al. White matter signal abnormalities in children with suspected HIV-related neurologic disease on early combination antiretroviral therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014.
33. Hoare J, Ransford GL, Phillips N, et al. Systematic review of neuroimaging studies in vertically transmitted HIV positive children and adolescents. Metab Brain Dis 2014; 29:221-229.
34. Hoare J, Fouche JP, Spottiswoode B, et al. A diffusion tensor imaging and neurocognitive study of HIV-positive children who are HAART-naive 'slow progressors'. J Neurovirol 2012; 18:205-212.
35. Prado PT, Escorsi-Rosset S, Cervi MC, Santos AC. Image evaluation of HIV encephalopathy: a multimodal approach using quantitative MR techniques. Neuroradiology 2011; 53:899-908.
36. Gray L, Sterjovski J, Churchill M, et al. Uncoupling coreceptor usage of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from macrophage tropism reveals biological properties of CCR5-restricted HIV-1 isolates from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Virology 2005; 337:384-398.
37. Nachman S, Chernoff M, Williams P, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus disease severity, psychiatric symptoms, and functional outcomes in perinatally infected youth. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2012; 166:528-535.
38. Laughton B, Cornell M, Boivin M, Van Rie A. Neurodevelopment in perinatally HIV-infected children: a concern for adolescence. J Int AIDS Soc 2013; 16:18603.
39. Antinori A, Arendt G, Becker JT, et al. Updated research nosology for HIVassociated neurocognitive disorders. Neurology 2007; 69:1789-1799.
40. Nichols SL, Lowe A, Zhang X, et al. Concordance between self-reported substance use and toxicology among HIV-infected and uninfected at risk youth. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 134:376-382.
41. Naar-King S, Kolmodin K, Parsons JT, Murphy D; ATN 004 Protocol Team, Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions. Psychosocial factors and substance use in high-risk youth living with HIV: a multi-site study. AIDS Care 2010; 22:475-482.
42. Kader R, Seedat S, Koch JR, Parry CD. A preliminary investigation of the AUDIT and DUDIT in comparison to biomarkers for alcohol and drug use among HIV-infected clinic attendees in Cape Town, South Africa. Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesburg) 2012; 15:346-351.
43. Tanney MR, Naar-King S, Murphy DA, et al. ATN 004 Protocol Team. Multiple risk behaviors among youth living with human immunodeficiency virus in five U.S. cities. J Adolesc Health 2010; 46:11-16.
44. Fama R, Rosenbloom MJ, Nichols BN, et al. Working and episodic memory in HIV infection, alcoholism, and their comorbidity: baseline and 1-year follow-up examinations. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33:1815-1824.