Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor gene variants are associated with increased intra-individual variability in response time

Molecular Psychiatry

Volumn 19, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 1031-1036

  Cummins, T D R ^a,b   Jacoby, O ^b   Hawi, Z ^a,b   Nandam, L S ^b,c   Byrne, M A V ^b   Kim, B N ^b,d   Wagner, J ^b   Chambers, C D ^e   Bellgrove, M A ^a,b  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^c THE PRINCE CHARLES HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^d Seoul National University   (South Korea)

^e CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

attention; dopamine; executive; genetics; ICV; noradrenaline

Indexed keywords

ALPHA 2A ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; CATECHOLAMINE; ADRA2A PROTEIN, HUMAN; ALPHA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; TYROSINE 3 MONOOXYGENASE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; AUSTRALIAN; COGNITION; EUROPEAN; FEMALE; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPONSE TIME; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; SELF REPORT; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; ATTENTION; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; AUSTRALIA; CAUCASIAN; GENETICS; GENOTYPING TECHNIQUE; INDIVIDUALITY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; PSYCHOLOGY; REACTION TIME; YOUNG ADULT;

ATTENTION; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; AUSTRALIA; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; GENETIC ASSOCIATION STUDIES; GENOTYPING TECHNIQUES; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; REACTION TIME; RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, ALPHA-2; TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84927174433     PISSN: 13594184     EISSN: 14765578     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.140     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Kofler MJ, Rapport MD, Sarver DE, Raiker JS, Orban SA, Friedman LM et al. Reaction time variability in ADHD: a meta-analytic review of 319 studies. Clin Psych Rev. 2013; 33: 795-811.
2. Andreou P, Neale BM, Chen W, Christiansen H, Gabriels I, Heise A et al. Reaction time performance in ADHD: improvement under fast-incentive condition and familial effects. Psychol Med 2007; 37: 1703-1715.
3. Frazier-Wood AC, Bralten J, Arias-Vasquez A, Luman M, Ooterlaan J, Sergeant J et al. Neuropsychological intra-individual variability explains unique genetic variance of ADHD and shows suggestive linkage to chromosomes 12, 13, and 17. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B: 131-140.
4. Kuntsi J, Wood AC, Rijsdijk F, Johnson KA, Andreou P, Albrecht B et al. Separation of cognitive impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into 2 familial factors. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010; 67: 1159-1166.
5. Kuntsi J, Stevenson J. Psychological mechanisms in hyperactivity: II. The role of genetic factors. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2001; 42: 211-219.
6. Kendler KS, Neale MC. Endophenotype: a conceptual analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2010; 15: 789-797.
7. Walters JT, Owen MJ. Endophenotypes in psychiatric genetics. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12: 886-890.
8. Stuss DT, Murphy KJ, Binns MA, Alexander MP. Staying on the job: the frontal lobes control individual performance variability. Brain 2003; 126: 2363-2380.
9. Bellgrove MA, Hester R, Garavan H. The functional neuroanatomical correlates of response variability: evidence from a response inhibition task. Neuropsychologia 2004; 42: 1910-1916.
10. Simmonds DJ, Fotedar SG, Suskauer SJ, Pekar JJ, Denckla MB, Mostofsky SH. Functional brain correlates of response time variability in children. Neuropsychologia 2007; 45: 2147-2157.
11. Bellgrove MA, Gill M, Hawi Z, Kirley A, Robertson IH. Dissecting the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) phenotype: sustained attention, response variability and spatial attentional asymmetries in relation to dopamine transporter (DAT1) genotype. Neuropsychologia 2005; 43: 1847-1857.
12. Johnson KA, Kelly SP, Bellgrove MA, Barry E, Cox M, Gill M et al. Response variability in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: evidence for neuropsychological heterogeneity. Neuropsychologia 2007; 45: 630-638.
13. Sonuga-Barke EJ, Castellanos FX. Spontaneous attentional fluctuations in impaired states and pathological conditions: a neurobiological hypothesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2007; 31: 977-986.
14. Kelly AM, Uddin LQ, Biswal BB, Castellanos FX, Milham MP. Competition between functional brain networks mediates behavioral variability. Neuroimage 2008; 39: 527-537.
15. Sergeant JA. Modeling attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a critical appraisal of the cognitive-energetic model. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 1248-1255.
16. Van der Meere J, Sergeant J. Acquisition of attention skill in pervasively hyperactive children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1988; 29: 301-310.
17. Kuntsi J, Klein C. Intraindividual variability in ADHD and its implications for research of causal links. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2012; 9: 67-91.
18. Castellanos FX, Sonuga-Barke EJ, Scheres A, Di Martino A, Hyde C, Walters JR. Varieties of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related intra-individual variability. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 1416-1423.
19. Johnson KA, Barry E, Bellgrove MA, Cox M, Kelly SP, Daibhis A et al. Dissociation in response to methylphenidate on response variability in a group of medication naive children with ADHD. Neuropsychologia 2008; 46: 1532-1541.
20. Epstein JN, Brinkman WB, Froehlich T, Langberg JM, Narad ME, Antonini TN et al. Effects of stimulant medication, incentives, and event rate on reaction time variability in children with ADHD. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36: 1060-1072.
21. Nandam LS, Hester R, Wagner J, Cummins TDR, Garner K, Dean AJ et al. Methylphenidate but not atomoxetine or citalopram modulates inhibitory control and response time variability. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69: 902-904.
22. Johnson KA, Kelly SP, Robertson IH, Barry E, Mulligan A, Daly M et al. Absence of the 7-repeat variant of the DRD4 VNTR is associated with drifting sustained attention in children with ADHD but not in controls. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B: 927-937.
23. Kollins SH, Anastopoulos AD, Lachiewicz AM, FitzGerald D, Morrissey-Kane E, Garrett ME et al. SNPs in dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) and norepinephrine transporter gene (NET) are associated with continuous performance task (CPT) phenotypes in ADHD children and their families. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B: 1580-1588.
24. Altshuler D, Brooks LD, Chakravarti A, Collins FS, Daly MJ, Donnelly P. A haplotype map of the human genome. Nature 2005; 437: 1299-1320.
25. Conners CK. Rating scales in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: use in assessment and treatment monitoring. J Clin Psychiatry 1998; 59: 24-30.
26. Eriksen BA, Eriksen CW. Effects of noise letters upon identification of a target letter in a non-search task. Percept Psychophys 1974; 16: 143-149.
27. Logan GD. On the ability to inhibit thought and action: a user's guide to the stop signal paradigm. In Dagenbach D, Carr TH (eds). Inhibitory Processes in Attention, Memory, and Language. Academic Press: San Diego, CA, USA, 1994, pp 189-239.
28. Chambers CD, Bellgrove MA, Stokes MG, Henderson TR, Garavan H, Robertson IH et al. Executive 'brake failure' following deactivation of human frontal lobe. J Cogn Neurosci 2006; 18: 444-455.
29. Posner MI, Walker JA, Friedrich FJ, Rafal RD. Effects of parietal injury on covert orienting of attention. J Neurosci 1984; 4: 1863-1874.
30. Berry KJ, Johnston JE, Mielke PW. Permutation methods. Comput Stat 2011; 3: 527-542.
31. Whelan R, Conrod P, Poline J-B, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bellgrove MA et al. Adolescent impulsivity phenotypes characterized by distinct brain networks. Nat Neurosci 2012; 15: 920-925.
32. Bartlett MS. A note on the multiplying factors for the various chi square approximations. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol 1954; 16: 296-298.
33. Kaiser H. An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika 1974; 39: 31-36.
34. Thurstone LL. Multiple Factor Analysis. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, USA, 1947.
35. Rucker DD, Preacher KJ, Tormala ZL, Petty RE. Mediation analysis in social psychology: current practices and new recommendations. Soc Personal Psychol Compass 2011; 5: 359-371.
36. MacKinnon DP, Lockwood CM, Hoffman JM, West SG, Sheets V. A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychol Methods 2002; 7: 83-104.
37. MacKinnon DP, Lockwood CM, Williams J. Confidence limits for the indirect effect: distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behav Res 2004; 39: 99-128.
38. Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol 1986; 51: 1173-1182.
39. Sobel ME. Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. Sociol Methodol 1982; 13: 290-312.
40. Preacher KJ, Hayes AF. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods 2008; 40: 879-891.
41. Waldman ID, Nigg JT, Gizer IR. The adrenergic receptor a-2A gene (ADRA2A) and neuropsychological executive functions as putative endophenotypes for childhood ADHD. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2006; 6: 18-30.
42. Gizer IR, Ficks C, Waldman ID. Candidate gene studies of ADHD: a meta-analytic review. Hum Genet 2009; 126: 51-90.
43. Castellanos FX, Tannock R. Neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes. Nat Rev Neurosci 2002; 3: 617-628.
44. Arnsten AF, Pliszka SR. Catecholamine influences on prefrontal cortical function: relevance to treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and related disorders. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 99: 211-216.
45. Polanczyk G, Zeni C, Genro JP, Roman T, Hutz MH, Rohde LA. Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: advancing on pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics 2005; 6: 225-234.
46. Kim B-N, Kim J-W, Cummins TDR, Bellgrove MA, Hawi Z, Hong S-B et al. Norepinephrine genes predict response time variability and methylphenidateinduced changes in neuropsychological function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2013; 33: 356-362.
47. Hoogendoorn B, Coleman SL, Guy CA, Smith K, Bowen T, Buckland PR et al. Functional analysis of human promoter polymorphisms. Hum Mol Genet 2003; 12: 2249-2254.
48. Kaufman S. Tyrosine hydroxylase. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol 1995; 70: 103-220.
49. Viggiano D, Vallone D, Sadile A. Dysfunctions in dopamine systems and ADHD: evidence from animals and modeling. Neural Plast 2004; 11: 97-114.
50. Kirley A, Hawi Z, Daly G, McCarron M, Mullins C, Millar N et al. Dopaminergic system genes in ADHD: toward a biological hypothesis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002; 27: 607-619.
51. Sarter M, Givens B, Bruno JP. The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention: where top-down meets bottom-up. Brain Res Rev 2001; 35: 146-160.
52. Bellgrove MA, Mattingley JB. Molecular genetics of attention. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1129: 200-212.
53. Arnsten AF. Through the looking glass: differential noradenergic modulation of prefrontal cortical function. Neural Plast 2000; 7: 133-146.
54. Arnsten AF. Catecholamine influences on dorsolateral prefrontal cortical networks. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69: 89-99.
55. Bymaster FP, Katner JS, Nelson DL, Hemrick-Luecke SK, Threlkeld PG, Heiligenstein JH et al. Atomoxetine increases extracellular levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rat: a potential mechanism for efficacy in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002; 27: 699-711.
56. Koda K, Ago Y, Cong Y, Kita Y, Takuma K, Matsuda T. Effects of acute and chronic administration of atomoxetine and methylphenidate on extracellular levels of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin in the prefrontal cortex and striatum of mice. J Neurochem 2010; 114: 259-270.
57. Markowitz JS, DeVane CL, Pestreich LK, Patrick KS, Muniz R. A comprehensive in vitro screening of d-, l-, and dl-threo-methylphenidate: an exploratory study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2006; 16: 687-698.
58. Arnsten AFT, Steere JC, Hunt RD. The contribution of alpha 2-noradrenergic mechanisms to prefrontal cortical cognitive function: potential significance for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996; 53: 448-455.