Aetiology and risk factors of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients in Norway

Clinical Respiratory Journal

Volumn 10, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 756-764

  Røysted, Wenche ^a   Simonsen, Øystein ^b   Jenkins, Andrew ^c,d   Sarjomaa, Marjut ^a   Svendsen, Martin Veel ^a   Ragnhildstveit, Eivind ^b   Tveten, Yngvar ^a,c   Kanestrøm, Anita ^b   Waage, Halfrid ^a   Ringstad, Jetmund ^b  

^a TELEMARK HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^b Østfold Hospital Trust   (Norway)

^c Unilabs   (France)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH EASTERN NORWAY   (Norway)

Author keywords

bacterial pneumonia; community acquired infections; Legionella; Norway; risk factors

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD CULTURE; BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS; CHLAMYDIA PNEUMONIAE; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; COMORBIDITY; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; LEGIONELLA; LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE; NORWAY; PNEUMONIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; SEROLOGY; SPUTUM CULTURE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; VERY ELDERLY; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED INFECTION; GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIUM; GRAM NEGATIVE INFECTION; GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIUM; GRAM POSITIVE INFECTION; HOSPITALIZATION; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AGED; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; FEMALE; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NORWAY; PREVALENCE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84926500789     PISSN: 17526981     EISSN: 1752699X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/crj.12283     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Welte T, Köhnlein T. Global and local epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia: the experience of the CAPNETZ network. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;30: 127–135.
2. Trotter CL, Stuart JM, George R, Miller E. Increasing hospital admissions for pneumonia, England. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14: 727–733.
3. Almirall J, Bolíbar I, Serra-Prat M, et al. New evidence of risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia: a population-based study. Eur Respir J. 2008;31: 1274–1284.
4. Schnoor M, Klante T, Beckmann M, et al. Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in German adults: the impact of children in the household. Epidemiol Infect. 2007;135: 1389–1397.
5. Farr BM, Bartlett CLR, Wadsworth J, Miller DL. Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia diagnosed upon hospital admission. Respir Med. 2000;94: 954–963.
6. Apisarnthanarak A, Mundy LM. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Chest Med. 2005;26: 47–55.
7. Ruiz M, Ewig S, Marcos MA, et al. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia: impact of age, comorbidity, and severity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160: 397–405.
8. von Baum H, Ewig S, Marre R, et al. Community-acquired Legionella pneumonia: new insights from the German competence network for community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46: 1356–1364.
9. Marston BJ, Lipman HB, Breiman RF. Surveillance for Legionnaires disease: risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154: 2417–2422.
10. Garbino J, Sommer R, Gerber A, et al. Prospective epidemiologic survey of patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization in Switzerland. Int J Infect Dis. 2002;6: 288–293.
11. Jokinen C, Heiskanen L, Juvonen H, et al. Microbial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in the adult population of four municipalities in eastern Finland. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32: 1141–1154.
12. Fernández Alvarez R, Suárez Toste I, Rubinos Cuadrado G, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia: aetiologic changes in a limited geographic area. An 11-year prospective study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007;26: 495–499.
13. Bohte R, van Furth R, van der Broek PJ. Aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective study among adults requiring admission to hospital. Thorax. 1995;50: 543–547.
14. Laurichesse H, Sotto A, Bonnet E, et al. Pre- and in-hospital management of community-acquired pneumonia in southern France, 1998–99. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2001;20: 770–778.
15. Lim WS, Macfarlane JT, Boswell TC, et al. Study of community acquired pneumonia aetiology (SCAPA) in adults admitted to hospital: implications for management guidelines. Thorax. 2001;56: 296–301.
16. Strålin K, Olcén P, Törnquist E, Holmberg H. Definite, probable, and possible bacterial aetiologies of community-acquired pneumonia at different CRB-65 scores. Scand J Infect Dis. 2010;42: 426–434.
17. Blystad H, Bjorlow E, Aavitsland P, Holm J. Outbreak of legionellosis in Stavanger, Norway – final report. Euro Surveill. 2001;5(47): pii=2059. Available at: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?articleId=2059 (accessed 20 October 2011).
18. Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Statistics from Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases, MSIS. 2011. Available at: http://www.msis.no (accessed 20 October 2011).
19. Blystad H, Brantsaeter AB, Løvoll Ø. Outbreak of community-acquired Legionnaires disease in Southeast Norway, May 2005. Euro Surveill. 2005;10(21): pii = 2709. Available at: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=2709 (accessed 20 October 2011).
20. Kuoppa Y, Boman J, Scott L, Kumlin Y, Eriksson I, Allard A. Quantitative detection of respiratory Chlamydia pneumoniae infection by real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40: 2273–2274.
21. Hardegger D, Nadal D, Bossart W, Altwegg M, Dutly F. Rapid detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in clinical samples by real-time PCR. J Microbiol Methods. 2000;41: 45–51.
22. Kösters K, Reischl U, Schmetz J, Riffelman M, Wirsing von König CH. Real-time LightCycler PCR for detection and discrimination of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40: 1719–1722.
23. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. European Legionnaires' Disease Surveillance Network (ELDSNet): Operating Procedures. Stockholm, ECDC, 2012.
24. Akehurst C. Mycoplasma pneumonia epidemics. Euro Surveill. 1998;2(50): pii = 1112. Available at: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=1112 (accessed 20 October 2011).
25. Wellinghausen N, Straube E, Freidank H, von Baum H, Marre R, Essig A. Low prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Int J Med Microbiol. 2006;296: 485–491.
26. Blystad H, Caugant DA, Haugen IL, et al. Annual report 2011 for the program: invasive infections. 2012. Available at: http://www.fhi.no/dokumenter/5d65db7aa2.pdf (accessed 20 December 2013). (Report in Norwegian).
27. Borgen K, Aaberge I, Werner-Johansen Ø, et al. A cluster of Legionnaires' disease linked to an industrial plant in southeast Norway, June–July 2008. Euro Surveill. 2008;13(38): pii=18985. Available at: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?articleId=18985 (accessed 20 October 2011).
28. Simonsen GS. Surveillance and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Norway [abstract]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2009;129: 623–627. [Article in Norwegian].
29. Elstrøm P, Kacelnik O, Bruun T, Iversen B, Hauge SH, Aavitsland P. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Norway, a low-incidence country, 2006–2010. J Hosp Infect. 2012;80: 36–40.
30. NORM/NORM-VET 2011. Usage of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in Norway. Tromsø/Oslo, 2012. ISSN:1502-2307 (print) / 1890-9965 (electronic).
31. The Norwegian Health Directorate. National guidelines for antibiotic treatment in hospitals. 2013. Available at: http://sites.helsedirektoratet.no/sites/antibiotikabruk-i-sykehus/terapikapitler/nedre-luftveier/Sider/default.aspx (accessed 20 December 2013). [Guidelines in Norwegian].
32. Haug JB, Berild D, Walberg M, Reikvam A. Increased antibiotic use in Norwegian hospitals despite a low antibiotic resistance rate. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66: 2643–2646.
33. Piso RJ, Iven-Koller D, Koller MT, Bassetti S. The routine use of urinary pneumococcal antigen test in hospitalized patients with community acquired pneumonia has limited impact for adjustment of antibiotic treatment. Swiss Med Wkly. 2012;142: w13679. Sep 10.
34. Ingram JG, Plouffe JF. Danger of sputum purulence screens in culture of Legionella species. J Clin Microbiol. 1994;32: 209–210.