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84926449496
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note
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For results of the high-throughput screen, please see Supporting Information.
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30
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84926449495
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note
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The 2:1 adduct is observed by 1H NMR of the unpurified reaction mixture and by MS but has, to date, resisted isolation and characterization.
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31
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84926449494
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note
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For example, other bisoxazoline ligands such as BOX or PYBOX gives low enantioselectivity. See Supporting Information for details.
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32
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33744757023
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33
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84926449493
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note
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Due to the sensitive nature of the tetrahydropyridine, we sought to adopt a reductive workup procedure to reduce the enamine functionality and found that the crude tetrahydropyridine can be reduced to stable 3-nitropiperidine with ZnCl2 and NaBH3CN in MeOH.
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34
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84926449492
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note
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In constrast to the racemic reaction, ZnI2 does not give any product. Although DME and dioxane are the optimal solvents for the racemic reaction, their use gives lower ee than PhMe. See Supporting Information for the results of solvent screen.
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35
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49149128980
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36
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84926449491
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note
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The ee values for the Hammett plot were obtained from the average values of three experiments with each ligand.
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37
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4243664295
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40
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84926449490
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note
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There is likely a steric and electronic component to the impact of the ortho substituent given that H, Cl, MeO, and Me provide nearly identical enantioselectivities (68-71% ee).
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41
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78649972093
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42
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84926449489
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note
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Since azadiene 1 6 has a poor solubility in PhMe, 32 was used for the kinetic isotope effect studies. Azadiene 32 behaves similarly in all respects to azadiene 16.
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45
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0024828682
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Gajewski, J. J.; Peterson, K. B.; Kagel, J. R.; Huang, Y. C. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 9078 - 9081
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46
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84926449488
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note
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The p K a's of 4-methoxyaniline and 3-methoxyaniline differ by more than 1 unit.
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47
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84926449487
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note
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The reactions at rt gave no enantioselectivity.
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48
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70349500522
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Liu, H.; Li, W.; Du, D.-M. Sci. China, Ser. B: Chem. 2009, 52, 1321 - 1330
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Liu, H.1
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Du, D.-M.3
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49
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84926449486
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note
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This observation is consistent with ref 39.
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50
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84926449485
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note
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For the determination of absolute configuration, see Supporting Information.
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51
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84926449484
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note
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Unlike the situation when ZnI2 is used as catalyst in absence of BOPA (see Table 1), stirring azadiene 16 with 3 equiv of nitro-alkene 17 with 10 mol % Zn(OTf)2 and F-BOPA ligand at rt for 16 h did not lead to the formation of the 2:1 adduct as judged by MS.
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52
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84926449483
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note
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There is no reaction at rt without ZnII, so an uncatalyzed pathway can be ruled out. The reaction is also irreversible at rt since no nitro-alkene exchange takes place when the cycloadduct (no reductive workup) is subject to the reaction conditions with another nitro-alkene.
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