Doctors' approaches to PSA testing and overdiagnosis in primary healthcare: A qualitative study

BMJ Open

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2015, Pages

  Pickles, Kristen ^a   Carter, Stacy M ^a   Rychetnik, Lucie ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN;

ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; CLINICAL PRACTICE; DIAGNOSTIC ERROR; GROUNDED THEORY; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; PATIENT PREFERENCE; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; PHYSICIAN; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PROSTATE CANCER; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; ADULT; BLOOD; EARLY CANCER DIAGNOSIS; HEALTH PERSONNEL ATTITUDE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATIENT REFERRAL; PROCEDURES; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

ADULT; ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL; AUSTRALIA; EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSICIANS; PRACTICE PATTERNS, PHYSICIANS'; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION;

EID: 84926434266     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20446055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006367     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Stark JR, Mucci L, Rothman KJ, et al. Screening for prostate cancer remains controversial. BMJ 2009;339:b3601.
2. Ilic D, Neuberger MM, Djulbegovic M, et al. Screening for prostate cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013:1-76.
3. Moyer VA. Screening for prostate cancer: US. preventive services task force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2012;157:120-34.
4. Djulbegovic M, Beyth RJ, Neuberger MM, et al. Screening for prostate cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2010;341:c4543.
5. Mackie A. Screening for Prostate Cancer Review against programme appraisal criteria for the UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC). London: National Health Service, 2010.
6. Royal Australian College of GPs (RACGP). Guidelines for preventive activities in general practice 2012. 8th edn. http://www.racgp.org.au/your-practice/guidelines/redbook/early-detection-of-cancers/prostatecancer/
7. Wilt TJ, Ahmed HU. Prostate cancer screening and the management of clinically localized disease. BMJ 2013;346:f325.
8. Carter HB, Albertsen PC, Barry MJ, et al. Early detection of prostate cancer: AUA guideline. J Urol 2013;190:419-26.
9. Mitka M. Group now advises against routine PSA screening. JAMA 2013;309:2316.
10. American Cancer Society (ACS). American Cancer Society recommendations for the early detection of prostate cancer 2014. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostatecancer/moreinformation/ prostatecancerearlydetection/prostate-cancer-early-detection-acs-recommendations
11. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). Australia. PSA testing for prostate cancer in asymptomatic men: Information for health practitioners. 2014; https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelinespublications/men4, 2014.
12. National Health Service (NHS) Choice, United Kingdom. Prostate cancer - PSA screening. 2015; http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cancer-of-the-prostate/Pages/prevention.aspx
13. Cancer Council Australia, Australian Health Ministers' Advisory Council (AHMAC), Australia. Position statement. Prostate cancer screening in Australia: joint key messages. 2010; http://www.cancer.org.au/content/pdf/CancerControlPolicy/PositionStatements/PSProstate-Cancer-Screening-Joint-key-messages-%20published-May2010.pdf.
14. Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand (USANZ). Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand PSA testing policy. 2009; http://www.usanz.org.au/uploads/65337/ufiles/PDF/psatesting.pdf.
15. Qaseem A, Barry MJ, Denberg TD, et al. Screening for prostate cancer: a guidance statement from the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2013;158:761-9.
16. Ross LE, Coates RJ, Breen N, et al. Prostate-specific antigen test use reported in the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. Prev Med 2004;38:732-44.
17. Sirovich BE, Schwartz LM, Woloshin S. Screening men for prostate and colorectal cancer in the United States: does practice reflect the evidence? JAMA 2003;289:1414-20.
18. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). Prostate cancer in Australia. 2013; http://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=60129545133
19. Welch G, Schwartz L, Woloshin S. Overdiagnosed: making people sick in the pursuit of health. Beacon Press, 2011.
20. Hersch J, Jansen J, Irwig L, et al. How do we achieve informed choice for women considering breast screening? Prev Med 2011;53:144-6.
21. Etzioni R, Penson DF, Legler JM, et al. Overdiagnosis due to prostate-specific antigen screening: lessons from U.S. prostate cancer incidence trends. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:981-90.
22. Draisma G, Boer R, Otto SJ, et al. Lead times and overdetection due to prostate-specific antigen screening: estimates from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:868-78.
23. McGregor M, Hanley J, Boivin J, et al. Screening for prostate cancer: estimating the magnitude of overdetection. CMAJ 1998;159:1368-72.
24. Telesca D, Etzioni R, Gulati R. Estimating lead time and overdiagnosis associated with PSA screening from prostate cancer incidence trends. Biometrics 2008;64:10-19.
25. Gulati R, Wever EM, Tsodikov A, et al. What if I don't treat my PSA-detected prostate cancer? Answers from three natural history models. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20:740-50.
26. Wever EM, Draisma G, Heijnsdijk EA, et al. Prostate-specific antigen screening in the United States vs in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer-Rotterdam. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010;102:352-5.
27. Moynihan R, Doust J, Henry D. Preventing overdiagnosis: how to stop harming the healthy. BMJ 2012;344:e3502.
28. Cooperberg MR, Broering JM, Kantoff PW, et al. Contemporary trends in low risk prostate cancer: risk assessment and treatment. J Urol 2007;178:S14-19.
29. Welch HG, Black WC. Overdiagnosis in cancer. J Natl Canc Inst 2010;102:605-13.
30. Sanda MG, Dunn RL, Michalski J, et al. Quality of life and satisfaction with outcome among prostate-cancer survivors. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1250-61.
31. Hayes JH, Ollendorf DA, Pearson SD, et al. Active surveillance compared with initial treatment for men with low-risk prostate cancer: a decision analysis. JAMA 2010;304:2373-80.
32. Loeb S, Catalona WJ. What to do with an abnormal PSA test. Oncologist 2008;13:299-305.
33. Aus G, Bergdahl S, Lodding P, et al. Prostate cancer screening decreases the absolute risk of being diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer - results from a prospective, population-based randomized controlled trial. Eur Urol 2007;51:659-64.
34. Grubb RL, Pinsky PF, Greenlee RT, et al. Prostate cancer screening in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian cancer screening trial: update on findings from the initial four rounds of screening in a randomized trial. BJU Int 2008;102:1524-30.
35. Schröder FH, Hugosson J, Carlsson S, et al. Screening for prostate cancer decreases the risk of developing metastatic disease: findings from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). Eur Urol 2012;62:745-52.
36. Cooper CP, Merritt TL, Ross LE, et al. To screen or not to screen, when clinical guidelines disagree: primary care physicians' use of the PSA test. Prev Med 2004;38:182-91.
37. Brett J, Watson E, Hewitson P, et al. PSA testing for prostate cancer: an online survey of the views and reported practice of general practitioners in the UK. BMC Fam Pract 2005;6:24.
38. Gormley GJ, Catney D, McCall JR, et al. Prostate-specific antigen testing: uncovering primary care influences. BJU Int 2006;98:996-1000.
39. Girgis S. General practitioners' perceptions of medicolegal risk - using case scenarios to assess the potential impact of prostate cancer. Med J Aust 1999;171:362-6.
40. Pollack CE, Platz EA, Bhavsar NA, et al. Primary care providers' perspectives on discontinuing prostate cancer screening. Cancer 2012;118:5518-24.
41. Drummond FJ, Carsin A, Sharp L, et al. Factors prompting PSA-testing of asymptomatic men in a country with no guidelines: a national survey of general practitioners. BMC Fam Pract 2009;10:3.
42. Bell DS, Hays RD, Hoffman JR, et al. A test of knowledge about prostate cancer screening. J Gen Intern Med 2006;21:310-14.
43. Clements A, Watson E, Rai T, et al. The PSA testing dilemma: GP's reports of consultations with asymptomatic men: a qualitative study. BMC Fam Pract 2007;8:35.
44. Bowen DJ, Hannon PA, Harris JR, et al. Prostate cancer screening and informed decision-making: provider and patient perspectives. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2011;14:155-61.
45. Charmaz K. Constructing grounded theory: a practical guide through qualitative analysis. London: SAGE Publications, 2006.
46. Ilic D, Murphy K, Green S. What do general practitioners think and do about prostate cancer screening in Australia? Aus Fam Phys 2013;42:904-8.
47. Rychetnik L, Doust J, Thomas R, et al. A Community Jury on PSA screening: what do well-informed men want the government to do about prostate cancer screening - a qualitative analysis. BMJ Open 2014;4:e004682.
48. Rychetnik L, Carter SM, Abelson J, et al. Enhancing citizen engagement in cancer screening through deliberative democracy. J Natl Canc Inst 2013;105:380-6.