Efficacy of heroin-assisted treatment in Belgium: A randomised controlled trial

European Addiction Research

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 179-187

  Demaret, Isabelle ^a,b   Quertemont, Etienne ^a   Litran, Géraldine ^a,b   Magoga, Cécile ^a,b   Deblire, Clémence ^a,b   Dubois, Nathalie ^b   De Roubaix, Jérôme ^a,b   Charlier, Corinne ^b   Lemaître, André ^a   Ansseau, Marc ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Diacetylmorphine; Heroin assisted treatment; Methadone maintenance treatment

Indexed keywords

DIAMORPHINE; METHADONE; STREET DRUG; NARCOTIC AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BELGIUM; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR; DRUG DEPENDENCE TREATMENT; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG USE; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS; HEROIN ASSISTED TREATMENT; HEROIN DEPENDENCE; HUMAN; INTENTION TO TREAT ANALYSIS; MALE; METHADONE TREATMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE; OPIATE SUBSTITUTION TREATMENT; PROCEDURES;

ADULT; BELGIUM; FEMALE; HEROIN; HEROIN DEPENDENCE; HUMANS; MALE; NARCOTICS; OPIATE SUBSTITUTION TREATMENT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84926157876     PISSN: 10226877     EISSN: 14219891     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000369337     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Amato L, Davoli M, Perucci CA, Ferri M, Faggiano F, Mattick RP: An overview of systematic reviews of the effectiveness of opiate maintenance therapies: available evidence to inform clinical practice and research. J Subst Abuse Treat 2005; 28: 321-329
2. Mattick RP, Kimber J, Breen C, Davoli M: Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 2: CD002207
3. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Drug treatment overview for Belgium. May 21, 2014. http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/data/treatmentoverviews/Belgium (accessed July 9, 2014).
4. Demaret I, Herné P, Lemaître A, Ansseau M: Feasibility assessment of heroin-assisted treatment in Liège, Belgium. Acta Psychiatr Belg 2011; 111: 3-8
5. Oviedo-Joekes E, Brissette S, Marsh DC, Lauzon P, Guh D, Anis A, et al: Diacetylmorphine versus methadone for the treatment of opioid addiction. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 777-786
6. Van den Brink W, Hendriks VM, Blanken P, Koeter MW, Van Zwieten BJ, Van Ree JM: Medical prescription of heroin to treatment resistant heroin addicts: two randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2003; 327: 310
7. Ferri M, Davoli M, Perucci CA: Heroin maintenance for chronic heroin-dependent individuals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 12: CD003410
8. Van den Brink W, Haasen C: Evidencedbased treatment of opioid-dependent patients. Can J Psychiatry 2006; 51: 635-646
9. Demaret I, Lemaitre A, Ansseau M: Staff concerns in heroin-assisted treatment centres. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2012; 19: 563-567
10. Rehm J, Gschwend P, Steffen T, Gutzwiller F, Dobler-Mikola A, Uchtenhagen A: Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of injectable heroin prescription for refractory opioid addicts: a follow-up study. Lancet 2001; 358: 1417-1423
11. Khan R, Khazaal Y, Thorens G, Zullino D, Uchtenhagen A: Understanding Swiss drug policy change and the introduction of heroin maintenance treatment. Eur Addict Res 2014; 20: 200-207
12. Perneger TV, Giner F, del Rio M, Mino A: Randomised trial of heroin maintenance programme for addicts who fail in conventional drug treatments. BMJ 1998; 317: 13-18
13. March JC, Oviedo-Joekes E, Perea-Milla E, Carrasco F: Controlled trial of prescribed heroin in the treatment of opioid addiction. J Subst Abuse Treat 2006; 31: 203-211
14. Haasen C, Verthein U, Degkwitz P, Berger J, Krausz M, Naber D: Heroin-assisted treatment for opioid dependence: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2007; 191: 55-62
15. Strang J, Metrebian N, Lintzeris N, Potts L, Carnwath T, Mayet S, et al: Supervised injectable heroin or injectable methadone versus optimised oral methadone as treatment for chronic heroin addicts in England after persistent failure in orthodox treatment ( RIOTT): a randomised trial. Lancet 2010; 375: 1885-1895
16. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). July 14, 2010. Route of administration by primary drug of clients entering treatment, 2008 or most recent year available: all opioid outpatient clients by country and usual route of administration. http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/stats10/tditab17b (accessed July 11, 2014).
17. Klous MG, Nuijen B, Van den Brink W, Van Ree JM, Beijnen JH: Development and manufacture of diacetylmorphine/caffeine sachets for inhalation via chasing the dragon by heroin addicts. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2004; 30: 775-784
18. Frick U, Rehm J, Kovacic S, Ammann J, Uchtenhagen A: A prospective cohort study on orally administered heroin substitution for severely addicted opioid users. Addiction 2006; 101: 1631-1639
19. Frick U, Rehm J, Zullino D, Fernando M, Wiesbeck G, Ammann J, et al: Long-term followup of orally administered diacetylmorphine substitution treatment. Eur Addict Res 2010; 16: 131-138
20. Colom Farran J, Casas M, Perez De Los Cobos J, Del Rio M, Roncero C, Castells X, et al: Feasibility of double-blind clinical trials with oral diacetylmorphine: a randomized controlled phase ii study in an inpatient setting. Eur Addict Res 2012; 18: 279-287
21. Kokkevi A, Hartgers C; EuropASI: European adaptation of a multidimensional assessment instrument for drug and alcohol dependence. Eur Addict Res 1995; 1: 208-210
22. Marsden J, Gossop M, Stewart D, Best D, Farrell M, Lehmann P, et al: The Maudsley Addiction Profile (MAP): a brief instrument for assessing treatment outcome. Addiction 1998; 93: 1857-1867
23. Pellet J: La symptom check-list; in Guelfi J-D (ed): L'évaluation clinique standardisée en psychiatrie. Paris, Editions Médicales Pierre Fabre; 1997, pp 77-85
24. Gosselin M, Bergeron J: Evaluation des qualités psychométriques du questionnaire De santé mentale SCL-90-R. Montréal, RISQ, 1993, p 87
25. Ansseau M, Gustin F, Hodiaumont F, Lemaître A, Lo Bue S, Lorant V, et al: Délivrance d'héroïne sous contrôle médical: etude De faisabilité et De suivi (DHCo). Gand, Academia Press, 2005
26. International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH): International Conference on Harmonisation of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use: Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials E9. Geneva, ICH Steering Committee, 1998.
27. Altman DG, Bland JM: How to randomise. BMJ 1999; 319: 703-704
28. Lobmann R, Verthein U: Explaining the effectiveness of heroin-assisted treatment on crime reductions. Law Hum Behav 2009; 33: 83-95
29. Gossop M, Trakada K, Stewart D, Witton J: Reductions in criminal convictions after addiction treatment: 5-year follow-up. Drug Alcohol Depend 2005; 79: 295-302
30. Day E, Copello A, Karia M, Roche J, Grewal P, George S, et al: Social network support for individuals receiving opiate substitution treatment and its association with treatment progress. Eur Addict Res 2013; 19: 211-221
31. Guttinger F, Gschwend P, Schulte B, Rehm J, Uchtenhagen A: Evaluating long-term effects of heroin-assisted treatment: the results of a 6-year follow-up. Eur Addict Res 2003; 9: 73-79
32. Perneger TV, Mino A, Giner F, Broers B: Patterns of opiate use in a heroin maintenance programme. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2000; 152: 7-13
33. Wang PW, Wu HC, Lin HC, Yen CN, Yeh YC, Chung KS, et al: Can heroin-dependent individuals benefit from a methadone maintenance treatment program before they drop out against medical advice?. A 12-month follow-up study. Eur Addict Res 2013; 19: 155-164
34. Oviedo-Joekes E, Nosyk B, Marsh DC, Guh D, Brissette S, Gartry C, et al: Scientific and political challenges in North America's first randomized controlled trial of heroin-assisted treatment for severe heroin addiction: rationale and design of the NAOMI study. Clin Trials 2009; 6: 261-271
35. Demaret I, Litran G, Magoga C, Deblire C, Dupont A, De Roubaix J, Lemaître A, Ansseau M: Why do heroin users refuse to participate in a heroin-assisted treatment trial?. Heroin Addict Relat Clin Probl 2014, Epub ahead of print. 36 Leshner AI: Addiction is a brain disease, and it matters. Science 1997; 278: 45-47
36. Blanken P, Hendriks VM, Van Ree JM, Van den Brink W: Outcome of long-term heroinassisted treatment offered to chronic, treatment-resistant heroin addicts in the Netherlands. Addiction 2010; 105: 300-308
37. Verthein U, Bonorden-Kleij K, Degkwitz P, Dilg C, Kohler WK, Passie T, et al: Long-term effects of heroin-assisted treatment in Germany. Addiction 2008; 103: 960-966, discussion 7-8
38. Oviedo-Joekes E, March JC, Romero M, Perea-Milla E: The Andalusian trial on heroin-assisted treatment: a 2 year follow-up. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010; 29: 75-80