Interpretation of HbA1c: Association with mean cell volume and haemoglobin concentration

Diabetic Medicine

Volumn 31, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 1387-1392

  Simmons, D ^a,b   Hlaing, T ^a  

^a CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CREATININE; GLUCOSE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN; HEMOGLOBIN; HEMOGLOBIN A1C PROTEIN, HUMAN;

ADULT; AGED; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; BLOOD CELL COUNT; CELL LEVEL; CELL VOLUME; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; DIET RESTRICTION; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEMOGLOBIN DETERMINATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; PROTEIN METABOLISM; RURAL POPULATION; ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC; ANEMIA, IRON-DEFICIENCY; BLOOD; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMPLICATION; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; HEALTH; HEALTH SURVEY; HEMOLYSIS; MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME; MIDDLE AGED; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT;

ADULT; AGED; ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC; ANEMIA, IRON-DEFICIENCY; COHORT STUDIES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; ERYTHROCYTE INDICES; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEYS; HEMOGLOBIN A, GLYCOSYLATED; HEMOGLOBINS; HEMOLYSIS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RURAL HEALTH; SEX CHARACTERISTICS; VICTORIA;

EID: 84926116156     PISSN: 07423071     EISSN: 14645491     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/dme.12518     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long term complications in the diabetes control in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 977-986.
2. Genuth S. Insights from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study on the use of intensive glycemic treatment to reduce the risk of complications of type 1 diabetes. Endocr Pract 2006; 12: S34-41.
3. 1c-a marker for complications of type 2 diabetes: the experience from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41: 1182-1190.
4. International Expert Committee. Report on the role of the A1c assay in the diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: 1327-1334.
5. Kim C, Bullard KM, Herman WH, Beckles GL. Association between iron deficiency and HbA1c levels among adults without diabetes in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2006. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 780-785.
6. Church D, Simmons D. More evidence of the problems of using HbA1c for diagnosing diabetes? The known knowns, the known unknowns and the unknown unknowns. J Intern Med 2014; 276: 171-173.
7. Gifford SC, Derganc J, Shevkoplyas SS, Yoshida T, Bitensky MW. A detailed study of time-dependent changes in human red blood cells: from reticulocyte maturation to erythrocyte senescence. Br J Haematol 2006; 135: 395-404.
8. Simmons D, McKenzie A, Eaton A, Shaw J, Zimmet P. Prevalence of diabetes in rural Victoria. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005; 70: 287-290.
9. Simmons D. Increased red cell count in diabetes and pre-diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 90: e50-e53.
10. Magliano DJ, Barr EL, Zimmet PZ, Cameron AJ, Dunstan DW, Colagiuri S et al. Glucose indices, health behaviors, and incidence of diabetes in Australia. Diabetes Care 2008; 21: 267-272.
11. Hoelzel W, Weykamp C, Jeppsson JO, Miedema K, Barr JR, Goodall I et al. IFCC reference system for measurement of hemoglobin A1c in human blood and the national standardization schemes in the United States, Japan and Sweden: a method comparison study. Clin Chem 2004; 50: 166-174.
12. Calvert M, Shankar A, McManus RJ, Lester H, Freemantle N. Effect of the quality and outcomes framework on diabetes care in the United Kingdom: retrospective cohort study. Br Med J 2009; 338: b1870.
13. 1c discordance in estimating blood glucose control. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008; 11: 512-517.
14. Virtue MA, Furne JK, Nuttall FQ, Levitt MD. Relationship between glycated haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte survival determined from breath carbon monoxide concentration. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 931-935.
15. Jeffcoate SL. Diabetes control and complications: the role of glycated haemoglobin, 25 years on. Diabet Med 2004; 21: 657-665.
16. Fitzgibbons JF, Koler RD, Jones RT. Red cell age-related changes of hemoglobins A1a+b and A1c in normal and diabetic subjects. J Clin Invest 1976; 58: 820-824.
17. Panzer S, Kronik G, Lechner K, Bettelheim P, Neumann E, Dudczak R. Glycosylated hemoglobins (GHb): an index of red cell survival. Blood 1982; 59: 1348-1350.
18. Brooks AP, Metcalfe J, Day JL, Edwards MS. Iron deficiency and glycosylated haemoglobin A. Lancet 1980; 2: 141.
19. 1c in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Int 1999; 41: 357-362.
20. 1c in non-diabetic patients. Acta Haematol 2004; 112: 126-128.
21. El-Agouza I. Abu Shahla A, Sirdah M. The effect of iron deficiency anaemia on the levels of haemoglobin subtypes: possible consequences for clinical diagnosis. Clin Lab Haematol 2002; 24: 285-289.
22. Koga M, Morita S, Saito H, Mukai M, Kasayama S. Association of erythrocyte indices with glycated haemoglobin in pre-menopausal women. Diabet Med 2007; 24: 843-847.
23. 1c. Blood 2008; 112: 4284-4291.
24. 1c: please think carefully. Available at http://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c2249?tab=responses Last accessed 20 August 2013.