Global availability of cardiac rehabilitation

Nature Reviews Cardiology

Volumn 11, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 586-596

  Turk Adawi, Karam ^a   Sarrafzadegan, Nizal ^b   Grace, Sherry L ^c  

^a TORONTO REHABILITATION INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^b ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^c YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; DISABILITY; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE AVAILABILITY; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE DISPARITY; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEART CATHETERIZATION; HEART REHABILITATION; HUMAN; PATIENT PARTICIPATION; PATIENT REFERRAL; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; PHYSICIAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVASCULARIZATION; REVIEW; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (TOPIC); CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; HEALTH; MORBIDITY; PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT; REHABILITATION CENTER; UTILIZATION;

CARDIAC REHABILITATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; GLOBAL HEALTH; HUMANS; MORBIDITY; PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT; REHABILITATION CENTERS;

EID: 84926090944     PISSN: 17595002     EISSN: 17595010     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2014.98     Document Type: Review

References (151)

1. Mendis, S., Alwan, A. (Eds) Prioritized Research Agenda for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases (WHO, 2011).
2. Gaziano, T. A., Pagidipati, N. Scaling up chronic disease prevention interventions in lower-and middle-income countries. Annu. Rev. Public Health 34, 317-335 (2013).
3. The World Bank. Countries and lending groups [online], http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications (2013).
4. Bloom, D. E. et al. The World Economic Forum and Harvard School of Public Health. The global economic burden of non-communicable diseases [online], http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF-Harvard-HE-GlobalEconomicBurdenNonCommunicableDiseases-2011.pdf (2011).
5. Balady, G. et al. Cardiac rehabilitation programs. A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 90, 1602-1610 (1994).
6. WHO. The global burden of disease: 2004 update [online], http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global-burden-disease/2004-report-update/en/(2008).
7. WHO. Mental Health DALYs/YLD definition. [online], http://www.who.int/mental-health/management/depression/daly/en (2013).
8. Mackay, J., Mensah, G. A., Mendis, S., Greenlund, K. WHO. The atlas of heart disease and stroke [online], http://www.who.int/cardiovascular-diseases/resources/atlas/en/(2004).
9. Vos, T. et al. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380, 2163-2196 (2012).
10. World Heart Federation. Global Health Agenda. Targets and indicators. [online], http://www.worldheartfederation.org/what-we-do/advocacy/global-health-agenda/un-summit-on-ncds/targets-and-indicators (2013).
11. WHO. Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020 [online], http://www.who.int/nmh/events/ncd-action-plan/en/(2013).
12. Balady, G. J. et al. Referral, enrollment, and delivery of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs at clinical centers and beyond: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 124, 2951-2960 (2011).
13. WHO. Needs and Action Priorities in Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention in Patients with CHD (WHO, 1993).
14. Balady, G. J. et al. Core Components of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention Committee, the Council on Clinical Cardiology; the Councils on Cardiovascular Nursing, Epidemiology and Prevention, and Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism; and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Circulation 115, 2675-2682 (2007).
15. Piepoli, M. F. et al. Secondary prevention in the clinical management of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Core components, standards and outcome measures for referral and delivery: a policy statement from the Cardiac Rehabilitation Section of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation. Endorsed by the Committee for Practice Guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 21, 664-681 (2012).
16. Clark, A. M., Hartling, L., Vandermeer, B., McAlister, F. A. Meta-analysis: secondary prevention programs for patients with coronary artery disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 143, 659-672 (2005).
17. Jolliffe, J. A. et al. Exercise-based rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 1. Art No.: CD001800 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001800.
18. Taylor, R. et al. Exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am. J. Med. 116, 682-692 (2004).
19. Martin, B.-J. et al. Cardiac rehabilitation attendance and outcomes in coronary artery disease patients. Circulation 126, 677-687 (2012).
20. Heran, B. S. et al. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 7. Art No.: CD001800 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001800.pub2.
21. Alter, D., Oh, P., Chong, A. Relationship between cardiac rehabilitation and survival after acute cardiac hospitalization within a universal health care system. Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil. 16, 102-113 (2009).
22. Pavy, B. et al. French Society of Cardiology guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation in adults. Arch. Cardiovasc. Dis. 105, 309-328 (2012).
23. Hillis, L. D. et al. ACCF/AHA Guideline for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 124, 2610-2642 (2011).
24. Levine, G. et al. ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for percutaneous coronary intervention: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. Circulation 124, 2574-2609 (2011).
25. Smith, S. et al. AHA/ACCF Secondary prevention and risk reduction therapy for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation 124, 2458-2473 (2011).
26. Vanhees, L. et al. A representative study of cardiac rehabilitation activities in European Union Member States: the Carinex survey. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. 22, 264-272 (2002).
27. Bjarnason-Wehrens, B. et al. Cardiac rehabilitation in Europe: Results from the European Cardiac Rehabilitation Inventory Survey. Eur. J. Cardiopulm. Prev. Rehabil. 17, 410-418 (2010).
28. Fletcher, S. M., Burley, M. B., Thomas, K. E., Mitchell, E. K. Feeling supported and abandoned: mixed messages from attendance at a rural community cardiac rehabilitation program in Australia. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. Prev. 34, 29-33 (2014).
29. Nooruddin, T., Matooq, A., Mansoor, F., Alaswamy, Z., Khalil., H. Effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation program in reducing cardiovascular risk factor and improving functional capacity among cardiac patients in Kingdom of Bahrain. Presented at the 23rd Australian Annual Cardiovascular Health and Rehabilitation Conference.
30. Heart and Stroke Foundation of Barbados. Cardiac disease prevention, rehabilitation programme-CDP&R [online], http://www.hsfbarbados.org/%28S%28fknmqa454jp2nranjahcb4fk%29%29/GymCDPR.aspx (2014).
31. Bermuda Hospitals Board. Cardiac rehabilitation services. [online], http://www.bermudahospitals.bm/cardiac-care/cardiac-rehabilitation-services.asp (2013).
32. The Brunei Times. Ripas designs exercise regimen for patients in cardiac rehabilitation. [online], http://www.bt.com.bn/classification/news/home-news/2007/05/16/ripas-designs-exercise-regimen-for-patients-in-cardiac-rehabilitation (2007).
33. Grace, S. L. et al. Systematizing inpatient referral to cardiac rehabilitation 2010: Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Canadian Cardiovascular Society joint position paper. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. Prev. 31, E1-E8 (2011).
34. Grace, S. L., Bennett, S., Ardern, C. I., Clark, A. M. Cardiac rehabilitation series: Canada. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 56, 530-535 (2014).
35. States of Jersey. Specialist help for cardiac patients. [online], http://www.gov.je/News/2011/Pages/HelpForCardiacPatients.aspx (2011).
36. Cortes-Bergoderi, M. et al. Availability and characteristics of cardiovascular rehabilitation programs in South America. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. Prev. 33, 33-41 (2013).
37. Stewart, R. et al. Physical activity in patients with stable coronary heart disease: an international perspective. Eur. Heart J. 34, 3286-3293 (2013).
38. Zwisler, A. D. O., Traeden, U., Videbaek, J., Madsend, M. Cardiac rehabilitation services in Denmark: still room for expansion. Scand. J. Public Health 33, 376-383 (2005).
39. Cottin, Y. et al. Specific profile and referral bias of rehabilitated patients after an acute coronary syndrome. J. Cardiopul. Rehabil. 24, 38-44 (2004).
40. Karoff, M., Held, K., Bjarnason-Wehrens, B. Cardiac rehabilitation in Germany. Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil. 14, 18-27 (2007).
41. Antonakoudis, H. et al. Cardiac rehabilitation effects on quality of life in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Hippokratia 10, 176-181 (2006).
42. Chan, D. S. K., Chau, J. P. C., Chang, A. M. Acute coronary syndromes: cardiac rehabilitation programmes and quality of life. J. Adv. Nurs. 49, 591-599 (2005).
43. The Official Isle of Man Government. Cardiac services [online], https://www.gov.im/categories/health-and-wellbeing/hospitals-and-emergency-treatment/noble's-hospital/cardiac-services (2014).
44. Gendler, Y. et al. A multicenter intervention study on referral to cardiac rehabilitation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a 1-year follow-up of rehabilitation rates among USSR-born and veteran Israeli patients [Hebrew]. Harefuah 151, 511-517 (2012).
45. Tramarin, R. et al. The Italian Survey on cardiac rehabilitation-2008 (ISYDE-2008). Part 3. National availability and organization of cardiac rehabilitation facilities. Official report of the Italian Association for Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation and Epidemiology (IACPR-GICR). Monaldi. Arch. Chest Dis. 70, 175-205 (2008).
46. Goto, Y. et al. Poor implementation of cardiac rehabilitation despite broad dissemination of coronary interventions for acute myocardial infarction in Japan. A nationwide survey. Circ. J. 71, 173-179 (2007).
47. Goto, Y. Current state of cardiac rehabilitation in Japan. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 56, 557-562 (2014).
48. Kim, Y. J. et al. Beneficial effects of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise after percutaneous coronary intervention on hsCRP and inflammatory cytokines in CAD patients. Pflugers Arch. 455, 1081-1088 (2008).
49. Four Square. Cardiac Rehabilitation Center-CDH Medical Center Alsabah, Kuwait. [online], https://foursquare.com/v/cardiac-rehabilitation-center-cdh/51b40915498e614915ba6b01 (2013).
50. Kotseva, K., Wood, D., Backer, G. D., Bacquer, D. D. Use and effects of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary heart disease: Results from the EUROASPIRE III survey. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 20, 817-826 (2013).
51. Briffa, T. et al. Exposure to evidence-based secondary prevention after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Australia and New Zealand [abstract]. Circulation 128, A11996 (2013).
52. Otterstad, J. E. Influence on lifestyle measures and five-year coronary risk by a comprehensive lifestyle intervention programme in patients with coronary heart disease. Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil. 10, 429-437 (2003).
53. Padró, C., Correa-Pérez, M. A clinical study of a cardiac rehabilitation program (phase II). P. R. Health Sci. J. 16, 245-250 (1997).
54. Heart Hospital, Doha-Qatar. Cardiac Rehabilitation [online], http://hh.hamad.qa/en/hospital-services/clinical-departments/cardiac-rehabilitation/cardiac-rehabilitation.aspx (2013).
55. Blair, J., Corrigall, H., Angus, N., Thompson, D., Leslie, S. Home versus hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review. Rural Remote Health 11, 1532 (2011).
56. G-movement. Life-enhancing movement for health [online], http://www.g-movement.org/programmes.html (2013).
57. Stauber, S. et al. Psychosocial outcome in cardiovascular rehabilitation of peripheral artery disease and coronary artery disease patients. Vasc. Med. 18, 257-262 (2013).
58. WellnessConnect. Total Rehab Centre: holistic health [online], http://www.ttwellnessconnect.com/total-rehab-centre-holistic-health (2013).
59. Sheikh Khalifa Medical City. Cardiac sciences. [online], http://www.skmc.ae/en-us/medicalservices/SpecialistCare/CardiacSciences/Pages/default.aspx (2013).
60. Bethell, H. et al. Outpatient cardiac rehabilitation attendance in England: variability by region and clinical characteristics. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. Prev. 28, 386-391 (2008).
61. Suaya, J. et al. Use of cardiac rehabilitation by Medicare beneficiaries after myocardial infarction or coronary bypass surgery. Circulation 116, 1653-1662 (2007).
62. Menezes, A. R. et al. Cardiac rehabilitation in the United States. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 56, 522-529 (2014).
63. Juan F. Luis Hospital, Medical Center. Virgin Islands Cardiac Center at JFLH. [online], http://www.jflusvi.org/cardiac-center.php (2013).
64. Korenfeld, Y. et al. Current status of cardiac rehabilitation in Latin America and the Caribbean. Am. Heart J. 158, 480-487 (2009).
65. Shanmugasegaram, S., Perez-Terzic, C., Jiang, X., Grace, S. L. Cardiac rehabilitation services in low-and middle-income countries: a scoping review. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0b013e31829c1414.
66. Adghar, D., Bougherbal, R., Hanifi, R., Khellaf, N. Cardiac rehabilitation: first experience in Algeria [French]. Ann. Cardiol. Angeiol. (Paris) 57, 44-47 (2008).
67. Borghi-Silva, A., Mendes, R. G., Trimer, R., Cipriano, G. Jr. Current trends in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors from around the world: focus on cardiac rehabilitation in Brazil. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 56, 536-542 (2014).
68. Jiang, X., Sit, J. W., Wong, T. K. A nurse-led cardiac rehabilitation programme improves health behaviours and cardiac physiological risk parameters: evidence from Chengdu, China. J. Clin. Nurs. 16, 1886-1897 (2007).
69. Tantaewy, N. M., Shebl, A. M., Shereif, W. I., Weheda, S. M. Effect of cardiac rehabilitation program on lifestyle pattern of patients with myocardial infarction. Journal of Biology, Agriculture, Healthcare 3, 9-21 (2013).
70. Chakraborty, K. et al. A comparative study on the effects of comprehensive rehabilitation in uncomplicated coronary artery bypass grafting patients from rural and urban India. Indian J. Physical Med. Rehabil. 18, 34-40 (2007).
71. Madan, K. et al. Cardiac rehabilitation in India. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 56, 543-550 (2014).
72. Radi, B. S36-3 Cardiac rehabilitation in Indonesia. [abstract] CVD Prev. Cont. 4 (Suppl. 1), S49 (2009).
73. Sarrafzadegan, N. et al. Gender differences in risk factors and outcomes after cardiac rehabilitation. Acta Cardiol. 63, 763-770 (2008).
74. Ali, M. et al. Factors affecting outpatient cardiac rehabilitation attendance after acute myocardial infarction and coronary revascularization-a local experience. J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 62, 347-351 (2012).
75. Avram, A. et al. EUROASPIRE III Romania-the need to reinforce cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease. Timisoara Med. J. 60, 299-304 (2010).
76. Digenio, A. G. et al. The Johannesburg Cardiac Rehabilitation Programme: a 5 year evaluation. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. Prev. 17, 340 (1997).
77. Nahali, R. M. et al. Place of cardiac rehabilitation in coronary patients. Presented at the 26th Congress of SOFMER: Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.
78. Ciftçi, C., Duman, B., Cagatay, P., Demiroglu, C., Aytekin, V. The effects of phase II cardiac rehabilitation programme on patients undergone coronary bypass surgery. Anadolu. Kardiyol. Derg. 5, 116-121 (2005).
79. Kabul Medical University Cardiac Research Centre. Rehabilitation services. [online], http://www.kcrc-af.ca/rehabilitation-services (2012).
80. Zahan, R. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program: Status in Bangladesh. Thesis, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany (2013).
81. The Aga Khan University Hospitals. News 2011. Aga Khan University Hospital opens cardiac rehabilitation unit [online], http://hospitals.aku.edu/nairobi/aboutus/newsandevents/Pages/Opens-A-Cardiac-Rehabilitation-Unit.aspx (2011).
82. Laslett, L. J. et al. The worldwide environment of cardiovascular disease: prevalence, diagnosis, therapy, and policy issues: a report from the American College of Cardiology. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 60 (25 Suppl.), S1-S49 (2012).
83. Pack, Q. R. et al. What is the potential capacity for increasing cardiac rehabilitation utilization in the United States? [abstract]. Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes. 6, A180 (2013).
84. Curnier, D. Y., Savage, P. D., Ades, P. A. Geographic distribution of cardiac rehabilitation programs in the United States. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. 25, 80-84 (2005).
85. The World Bank. New country classifications [online], http://data.worldbank.org/news/new-country-classifications (2014).
86. World Atlas. Countries of the World [online], http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/populations/ctypopls.htm#.Uqyqv-IuehI (2014).
87. Clark, A. M. et al. Factors influencing referral to cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs: a systematic review. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 20, 692-700 (2013).
88. Brown, T. M. et al. Predictors of cardiac rehabilitation referral in coronary artery disease patients: findings from the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines program. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 54, 515-521 (2009).
89. Aragam, K. G. et al. Trends and disparities in referral to cardiac rehabilitation after percutaneous coronary intervention. Am. Heart J. 161, 544-551 (2011).
90. Brady, S., Purdham, D., Oh, P., Grace, S. Clinical and sociodemographic correlates of referral for cardiac rehabilitation following cardiac revascularization in Ontario. Heart Lung 42, 320-325 (2013).
91. Beckstead, J. W. et al. Physicians' tacit and stated policies for determining patient benefit and referral to cardiac rehabilitation. Med. Decis. Making 34, 63-74 (2014).
92. Moradi, B., Maleki, M., Esmaeilzadeh, M., Abkenar, H. B. Physician-related factors affecting cardiac rehabilitation referral. J. Tehran. Heart Cent. 6, 187-192 (2011).
93. Leung, Y. W., Brual, J., Macpherson, A., Grace, S. L. Geographic issues in cardiac rehabilitation utilization: a narrative review. Health Place 16, 1196-1205 (2010).
94. Rajendran, A., Manoj, S., Karthikeyan, D., Davis, S. Cardiac rehabilitation for CABG patients in South Indian setup: a prospective study. Indian J. Physical Med. Rehabil. 15, 23-33 (2004).
95. Moradi, B., Esmaeilzadeh, M., Maleki, M., Sari, L. Factors associated with failure to complete phase II cardiac rehabilitation: survey registry in Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center. Int. Cardiovasc. Res. J. 5, 139-142 (2011).
96. Ghisi, G. L. et al. Perceptions of barriers to cardiac rehabilitation use in Brazil. Vasc. Health Risk Manag. 9, 485-491 (2013).
97. Goble, A. J., Worcester, M. Department of Human Services Victoria, Australia. Best practice guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention [online], http://www.health.vic.gov.au/nhpa/downloads/bestpracticecardiacrehab.pdf (1999).
98. Oldridge, N. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary heart disease: Meta-analysis outcomes revisited. Future Cardiol. 8, 729-751 (2012).
99. Yusuf. S. et al. Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival: overview of 10-year results from randomised trials by the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Trialists Collaboration. Lancet 344, 563-570 (1994).
100. Wijeysundera, H. C., Ko, D. T. Does percutaneous coronary intervention reduce mortality in patients with stable chronic angina: Are we talking about apples and oranges? Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes 2, 123-126 (2009).
101. Lawler, P., Filion, K., Eisenberg, M. Efficacy of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation post-myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am. Heart J. 162, 571-584.e2 (2011).
102. Kottke, T. E. et al. The comparative effectiveness of heart disease prevention and treatment strategies. Am. J. Prev. Med. 36, 82-88 (2009).
103. Chan, P. S. et al. Cardiac performance measure compliance in outpatients: The American College of Cardiology and National Cardiovascular Data Registry's PINNACLE (Practice Innovation And Clinical Excellence) Program. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 56, 8-14 (2010).
104. Morris, A. C., Caesar, D., Gray, S., Gray, A. TIMI risk score accurately risk stratifies patients with undifferentiated chest pain presenting to an emergency department. Heart 92, 1333-1334 (2006).
105. Mendis, S. et al. The availability and affordability of selected essential medicines for chronic diseases in six low-and middle-income countries. Bull. World Health Organ. 85, 279-288 (2007).
106. Eagle, K. A., Koelling, T. M., Montoye, C. K. Primer: implementation of guideline-based programs for coronary care. Nat. Clin. Pract. Cardiovasc. Med. 3, 163-171 (2006).
107. Mendis, S. et al. WHO study on prevention of recurrences of myocardial infarction and stroke (WHO-PREMISE). Bull. World Health Organ. 83, 820-829 (2005).
108. Murray, J., Craigs, C., Hill, K., Honey, S., House, A. A systematic review of patient reported factors associated with uptake and completion of cardiovascular lifestyle behaviour change. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord. 12, 120 (2012).
109. Sarrafzadegan, N. et al. Drop-out predictors in cardiac rehabilitation programmes and the impact of sex differences among coronary heart disease patients in an Iranian sample: a cohort study. Clin. Rehab. 21, 362-372 (2007).
110. Neubeck, L. et al. Participating in cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative data. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 19, 494-503 (2012).
111. Cortés, O., Arthur, H. M. Determinants of referral to cardiac rehabilitation programs in patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review. Am. Heart J. 151, 249-256 (2006).
112. Ghisi, G. L. M., Polyzotis, P., Oh, P., Pakosh, M., Grace, S. L. Physician factors affecting cardiac rehabilitation referral and patient enrollment: a systematic review. Clin. Cardiol. 36, 323-335 (2013).
113. Boyden, T., Rubenfire, M., Franklin, B. Will increasing referral to cardiac rehabilitation improve participation? Prev. Cardiol. 13, 198-202 (2010).
114. Mair, V., Breda, A. P., Nunes, M. E., Matos, L. D. Evaluating compliance to a cardiac rehabilitation program in a private general hospital. Einstein (Saõ Paulo) 11, 278-284 (2013).
115. Arena, R. et al. Increasing referral and participation rates to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation: the valuable role of healthcare professionals in the inpatient and home health settings: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 125, 1321-1329 (2012).
116. Michie, S. et al. Making psychological theory useful for implementing evidence based practice: a consensus approach. Qual. Saf. Health Care 14, 26-33 (2005).
117. Cane, J., O'Connor, D., Michie, S. Validation of the theoretical domains framework for use in behaviour change and implementation research. Implement. Sci. 7, 37 (2012).
118. Islam, R. et al. A cross-country comparison of intensive care physicians' beliefs about their transfusion behaviour: a qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework. Implement. Sci. 7, 93 (2012).
119. WHO. World Report: Disability [online], http://www.who.int/disabilities/world-report/2011/en/(2011).
120. Smith, S. C. et al. Our time: a call to save preventable death from cardiovascular disease (heart disease and stroke). Circulation 126, 2769-2775 (2012).
121. Zwisler, A.-D. O., Schou, L. in Cardiac Rehabilitation: Basic Principles (eds Zwisler, A.-D. O, Schou, L., Sorensen, L. V.) 17-28 (H:S Bispebjerg Hospital and National Institute of Public Health, 2004).
122. Charoenkul, P., Khuangsirikul, W., Jalayondeja, W., Krittayaphong, R. Improvement in quality of life with phase II cardiac rehabilitation home program after coronary artery bypass surgery at Siriraj Hospital. Thai Heart J. 20, 165-170 (2007).
123. Karapolat, H. et al. Effects of cardiac rehabilitation program on exercise capacity and chronotropic variables in patients with orthotopic heart transplant. Clin. Res. Cardiol. 97, 449-456 (2008).
124. Salim, Y. et al. Use of secondary prevention drugs for cardiovascular disease in the community in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (the PURE Study): a prospective epidemiological survey. Lancet 378, 1231-1243 (2011).
125. Buckley, J. P. et al. BACPR scientific statement: British standards and core components for cardiovascular disease prevention and rehabilitation. Heart 99, 1069-1071 (2013).
126. Davies, P. et al. Promoting patient uptake and adherence in cardiac rehabilitation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 7. Art. No.: CD007131 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007131.pub2.
127. Wyer, S. et al. Increasing attendance rates at a cardiac rehabilitation programme: an intervention study using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Coronary Health Care 5, 154-159 (2001).
128. Jolly, K. et al. Randomised controlled trial of follow up care in general practice of patients with myocardial infarction and angina: final results of the Southampton heart integrated care project (SHIP). The SHIP Collaborative Group. BMJ 318, 706-711 (1999).
129. Hillebrand, T., Frodermann, H., Lehr, D., Wirth, A. Increased participation in coronary groups by means of an outpatient care program [German]. Herz Kreislauf 27, 346-349 (1995).
130. Mosleh, S. M., Bond, C. M., Lee, A. J., Kiger, A., Campbell, N. C. Effectiveness of theory-based invitations to improve attendance at cardiac rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trial. Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. 13, 201-210 (2014).
131. Gravely-Witte, S. et al. Effects of cardiac rehabilitation referral strategies on referral and enrollment rates. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 7, 87-96 (2010).
132. Thomas, R. et al. AACVPR/ACCF/AHA 2010 update: performance measures on cardiac rehabilitation for referral to cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention services: a report of the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures (Writing committee to develop clinical performance measures for cardiac rehabilitation). Circulation 122, 1342-1350 (2010).
133. Grace, S. L. et al. Pan-Canadian development of cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention quality indicators. Can. J. Cardiol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2014.04.003.
134. Mead, H., Grantham, S., Siegel, B. Improving cardiovascular care through outpatient cardiac rehabilitation: an analysis of payment models that would improve quality and promote use. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. 29, 158-164 (2014).
135. Mandic, S. et al. Effects of community-based cardiac rehabilitation on body composition and physical function in individuals with stable coronary artery disease: 1.6-year follow up. Biomed Res. Int. 2013, 903604 (2013).
136. Clark, R. A. et al. Alternative models of cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487313501093.
137. Dalal, H. M., Zawada, A., Jolly, K., Moxham, T., Taylor, R. S. Home based versus centre based cardiac rehabilitation: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 340, b5631 (2010).
138. Dalal, H. et al. Home-based versus hospital-based rehabilitation after myocardial infarction: a randomized trial with preference arms-Cornwall Heart Attack Rehabilitation Management study (CHARMS) Int. J. Cardiol. 19, 202-211 (2007).
139. Márquez-Calderóna, S. et al. Incorporation of cardiac rehabilitation programs and their characteristics in the Spanish National Health Service [Spanish]. Rev. Esp. Cardiol. 56, 775-782 (2003).
140. Cupples, M. E., Reader, C., Tully, M. A. Cardiac rehabilitation uptake following myocardial infarction: cross-sectional study in primary care. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 60, 431-435 (2010).
141. Esterson, Y. B., Carey, M., Piette, J. D., Thomas, N., Hawkins, M. A systematic review of innovative diabetes care models in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). J. Health Care Poor Underserved 25, 72-93 (2014).
142. Munro, J., Angus, N., Leslie, S. J. Patient focused Internet-based approaches to cardiovascular rehabilitation-a systematic review. J. Telemed. Telecare 19, 347-353 (2013).
143. Beatty, A. L., Fukuoka, Y., Whooley, M. A. Using mobile technology for cardiac rehabilitation: a review and framework for development and evaluation. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 2, e000568 (2013).
144. Alsaleh, E., Blake, H., Windle, R. Behavioural intervention to increase physical activity among patients with coronary heart disease: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 49, 1489-1493 (2012).
145. United Nations Development Programme. Mobile technologies and empowerment: enhancing human development through participation and innovation [online], https://www.undpegov.org/mgov-primer.html (2011).
146. Williams, G., Hamm, M. P., Shulhan, J., Vandermeer, B., Hartling, L. Social media interventions for diet and exercise behaviours: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 4, e003926 (2014).
147. Scott, I. A., Lindsay, A., Harden, H. E. Utilisation of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation in Queensland. Med. J. Aust. 179, 341-345 (2003).
148. Beswick, A. D. et al. Provision, uptake and cost of cardiac rehabilitation programmes: improving services to under-represented groups. Health Technol. Assess. 8, 1-152 (2004).
149. Fidan, D., Unal, B., Critchley, J., Capewell, S. Economic analysis of treatments reducing coronary heart disease mortality in England and Wales, 2000-2010. QJM 100, 277-289 (2007).
150. Carlson, J. J., Johnson, J. A., Franklin, B. A., VanderLaan, R. L. Program participation, exercise adherence, cardiovascular outcomes, and program cost of traditional versus modified cardiac rehabilitation. Am. J. Cardiol. 86, 17-23 (2000).
151. Go, A. S. et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 127, e6-e245 (2013).