Evidence cerebral blood-flow regulation mediates exercise-cognition links in healthy young adults

Neuropsychology

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 1-9

  Guiney, Hayley ^a   Lucas, Samuel J ^a,b   Cotter, James D ^a   Machado, Liana ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cerebrovascular reactivity; Executive function; Fitness; Inhibition; Physical activity

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; COGNITION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; EXERCISE; FEMALE; FITNESS; HEART RATE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HYPERCAPNIA; HYPOCAPNIA; LATENT PERIOD; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGULATORY MECHANISM; WALKING; YOUNG ADULT; BRAIN CIRCULATION; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); PHYSIOLOGY;

ADULT; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; COGNITION; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84925965598     PISSN: 08944105     EISSN: 19311559     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/neu0000124     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Aaslid, R., Markwalder, T. M., & Nornes, H. (1982). Noninvasive transcranial Doppler ultrasound recording of flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries. Journal of Neurosurgery, 57, 769-774. doi:10.3171/jns.1982 .57.6.0769
2. Åberg, M. A., Pedersen, N. L., Torén, K., Svartengren, M., Bäckstrand, B., Johnsson, T., . . . Kuhn, H. G. (2009). Cardiovascular fitness is associated with cognition in young adulthood. PNAS: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, of the United States of America, 106, 20906-20911. doi:10.1073/pnas.0905307106
3. Ainslie, P. N., & Duffin, J. (2009). Integration of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity and chemoreflex control of breathing: Mechanisms of regulation, measurement, and interpretation. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 296, R1473- R1495. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.91008.2008
4. Bailey, D. M., Marley, C. J., Brugniaux, J. V., Hodson, D., New, K. J., Ogoh, S., & Ainslie, P. N. (2013). Elevated aerobic fitness sustained throughout the adult lifespan is associated with improved cerebral hemodynamics. Stroke, 44, 3235-3238. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.113 .002589
5. Barnes, J. N., Taylor, J. L., Kluck, B. N., Johnson, C. P., & Joyner, M. J. (2013). Cerebrovascular reactivity is associated with maximal aerobic capacity in healthy older adults. Journal of Applied Physiology, 114, 1383-1387. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01258.2012
6. Beck, A., Steer, R., & Brown, G. (1996). Manual for Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). San Antonio, TX: Psychology Corporation. Brainard, D. H. (1997). The Psychophysics Toolbox. Spatial Vision, 10, 433-436. doi:10.1163/156856897X00357
7. Brown, A. D., McMorris, C. A., Longman, R. S., Leigh, R., Hill, M. D., Friedenreich, C. M., & Poulin, M. J. (2010). Effects of cardiorespiratory fitness and cerebral blood flow on cognitive outcomes in older women. Neurobiology of Aging, 31, 2047-2057. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging .2008.11.002
8. Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI): A new instrument for psychiatric research and practice. Psychiatry Research, 28, 193-213. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
9. Chang, Y. K., Labban, J. D., Gapin, J. I., & Etnier, J. L. (2012). The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: A meta-analysis. Brain Research, 1453, 87-101. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.068
10. Davenport, M. H., Hogan, D. B., Eskes, G. A., Longman, R. S., & Poulin, M. J. (2012). Cerebrovascular reserve: The link between fitness and cognitive function? Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 40, 153-158. doi:10.1097/JES.0b013e3182553430
11. Dishman, R. K., Berthoud, H. R., Booth, F. W., Cotman, C. W., Edgerton, V. R., Fleshner, M. R., . . . Zigmond, M. J. (2006). Neurobiology of exercise. Obesity, 14, 345-356. doi:10.1038/oby.2006.46
12. Green, D. J., Spence, A., Halliwill, J. R., Cable, N. T., & Thijssen, D. H. (2011). Exercise and vascular adaptation in asymptomatic humans. Experimental Physiology, 96, 57-70. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2009 .048694.
13. Guiney, H., & Machado, L. (2013). Benefits of regular aerobic exercise for executive functioning in healthy populations. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 20, 73-86. doi:10.3758/s13423-012-0345-4
14. Hallett, P. E. (1978). Primary and secondary saccades to goals defined by instructions. Vision Research, 18, 1279-1296. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(78)90218-3
15. Hansen, A. L., Johnsen, B. H., Sollers, J. J., 3rd, Stenvik, K., & Thayer, J. F. (2004). Heart rate variability and its relation to prefrontal cognitive function: The effects of training and detraining. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 93, 263-272. doi:10.1007/s00421-004-1208-0
16. Hellmuth, J., Mirsky, J., Heuer, H. W., Matlin, A., Jafari, A., Garbutt, S., . . . Boxer, A. L. (2012). Multicenter validation of a bedside antisaccade task as a measure of executive function. Neurology, 78, 1824-1831. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318258f785
17. Hillman, C. H., Kramer, A. F., Belopolsky, A. V., & Smith, D. P. (2006). A cross-sectional examination of age and physical activity on performance and event-related brain potentials in a task switching paradigm. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 59, 30-39. doi:10.1016/j .ijpsycho.2005.04.009
18. Hötting, K., & Röder, B. (2013). Beneficial effects of physical exercise on neuroplasticity and cognition. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 37, 2243-2257. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.005
19. Ide, K., Eliasziw, M., & Poulin, M. J. (2003). Relationship between middle cerebral artery blood velocity and end-tidal PCO2 in the hypocapnic- hypercapnic range in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 95, 129- 137. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01186.2002
20. Judah, M. R., Grant, D. M., Mills, A. C., & Lechner, W. V. (2014). Factor structure and validation of the attentional control scale. Cognition and Emotion, 28, 433-451. doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.835254
21. Kamijo, K., & Takeda, Y. (2010). Regular physical activity improves executive function during task switching in young adults. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 75, 304-311. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010 .01.002
22. Karvonen, M. J., Kentala, K., & Mustala, O. (1957). The effects of training on heart rate: A longitudinal study. Annales Medicinae Experimentalis et Biologiae Fenniae, 35, 307-315.
23. Kramer, A. F., Hahn, S., Cohen, N. J., Banich, M. T., McAuley, E., Harrison, C. R., . . . Colcombe, A. (1999). Ageing, fitness and neurocognitive function. Nature, 400, 418-419. doi:10.1038/22682
24. Lucas, S. J., Burgess, K. R., Thomas, K. N., Donnelly, J., Peebles, K. C., Lucas, R. A. I., . . . Ainslie, P. N. (2011). Alterations in cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity during 14 days at 5,050 m. The Journal of Physiology, 589, 741-753. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.192534
25. Machado, L., Devine, A., & Wyatt, N. (2009). Distractibility with advancing age and Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia, 47, 1756-1764. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.02.018
26. Machado, L., & Rafal, R. D. (2004). Control of fixation and saccades during an anti-saccade task: An investigation in humans with chronic lesions of oculomotor cortex. Experimental Brain Research, 156, 55-63. doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1765-1
27. Mäntylä, T., Karlsson, M. J., & Marklund, M. (2009). Executive control functions in simulated driving. Applied Neuropsychology, 16, 11-18. doi:10.1080/09084280802644086
28. Moy, K. L., Scragg, R. K., McLean, G., & Carr, H. (2008). The New Zealand Physical Activity Questionnaires: Validation by heart-rate monitoring in a multiethnic population. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 5, S45-S61.
29. Murrell, C. J., Cotter, J. D., Thomas, K. N., Lucas, S. J., Williams, M. J., & Ainslie, P. N. (2013). Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity at rest and during sub-maximal exercise: Effect of age and 12-week exercise training. Age, 35, 905-920. doi:10.1007/s11357-012-9414-x
30. Noonan, V., & Dean, E. (2000). Submaximal exercise testing: Clinical application and interpretation. Physical Therapy, 80, 782-807.
31. Olk, B., & Kingstone, A. (2003). Why are antisaccades slower than prosaccades? A novel finding using a new paradigm. NeuroReport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research, 14, 151-155. doi: 10.1097/00001756-200301200-00028
32. Padilla, C., Perez, L., Andres, P., & Parmentier, F. B. R. (2013). Exercise improves cognitive control: Evidence from the stop signal task. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 27, 505-511. doi:10.1002/acp.2929
33. Pelli, D. G. (1997). The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: Transforming numbers into movies. Spatial Vision, 10, 437-442. doi: 10.1163/156856897X00366
34. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891. doi:10.3758/ BRM.40.3.879
35. Rothman, K. J. (1990). No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology, 1, 43- 46. doi:10.1097/00001648-199001000-00010
36. Schmidt, W., Endres, M., Dimeo, F., & Jungehulsing, G. J. (2013). Train the vessel, gain the brain: Physical activity and vessel function and the impact on stroke prevention and outcome in cerebrovascular disease. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 35, 303-312. doi:10.1159/000347061
37. Scisco, J. L., Leynes, P. A., & Kang, J. (2008). Cardiovascular fitness and executive control during task-switching: An ERP study. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 69, 52-60. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008 .02.009
38. Siconolfi, S. F., Cullinane, E. M., Carleton, R. A., & Thompson, P. D. (1982). Assessing VO2max in epidemiologic studies: Modification of the Astrand-Ryhming test. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 14, 335-338.
39. Smiley-Oyen, A. L., Lowry, K. A., Francois, S. J., Kohut, M. L., & Ekkekakis, P. (2008). Exercise, fitness, and neurocognitive function in older adults: The "selective improvement" and "cardiovascular fitness" hypotheses. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 36, 280-291. doi:10.1007/ s12160-008-9064-5
40. Sport and Recreation New Zealand. (2001). Active New Zealand Survey: How active are we? Retrieved from http://www.activenzsurvey.org.nz/Results/ NZ-Sport-and-Physical-Surveys-9701/SPARC-Facts-97-01/Part-1/
41. Stroth, S., Reinhardt, R. K., Thöne, J., Hille, K., Schneider, M., Härtel, S., . . . Spitzer, M. (2010). Impact of aerobic exercise training on cognitive functions and affect associated to the COMT polymorphism in young adults. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 94, 364-372. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2010.08.003
42. Themanson, J. R., & Hillman, C. H. (2006). Cardiorespiratory fitness and acute aerobic exercise effects on neuroelectric and behavioral measures of action monitoring. Neuroscience, 141, 757-767. doi:10.1016/j .neuroscience.2006.04.004
43. Themanson, J. R., Hillman, C. H., & Curtin, J. J. (2006). Age and physical activity influences on action monitoring during task switching. Neurobiology of Aging, 27, 1335-1345. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.07 .002
44. Themanson, J. R., Pontifex, M. B., & Hillman, C. H. (2008). Fitness and action monitoring: Evidence for improved cognitive flexibility in young adults. Neuroscience, 157, 319-328. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008 .09.014
45. Thomas, S., Reading, J., & Shephard, R. J. (1992). Revision of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q). Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, 17, 338-345.
46. Thompson, W., Gordon, N., & Pescatello, L. (2010). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
47. van Koningsbruggen, M. G., Pender, T., Machado, L., & Rafal, R. D. (2009). Impaired control of the oculomotor reflexes in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia, 47, 2909-2915. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia. 2009.06.018.
48. Vaughan, L., & Giovanello, K. (2010). Executive function in daily life: Age-related influences of executive processes on instrumental activities of daily living. Psychology and Aging, 25, 343-355. doi:10.1037/ a0017729
49. Viticchi, G., Falsetti, L., Vernieri, F., Altamura, C., Bartolini, M., Luzzi, S., . . . Silvestrini, M. (2012). Vascular predictors of cognitive decline in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiology of Aging, 33, e1121-e1129. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.11.027
50. Willie, C. K., Colino, F. L., Bailey, D. M., Tzeng, Y. C., Binsted, G., Jones, L.W., . . . Ainslie, P. N. (2011). Utility of transcranial Doppler ultrasound for the integrative assessment of cerebrovascular function. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 196, 221-237. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.01.011
51. World Health Organization. (2006). Global database on body mass index: BMI classification. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/bmi/index .jsp?introPage intro_3.html
52. World Health Organization. (2010). Physical inactivity: A global public health problem. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/ factsheet_inactivity/en/index.html
53. Zappe, A. C., Uludag, K., Oeltermann, A., Ugurbil, K., & Logothetis, N. K. (2008). The influence of moderate hypercapnia on neural activity in the anesthetized nonhuman primate. Cerebral Cortex, 18, 2666-2673. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhn023.