Guidelines for establishing a telemental health program to provide evidence-based therapy for trauma-exposed children and families

Psychological Services

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 398-409

  Jones, Andrea M ^a   Shealy, Kristen M ^a   Reid Quiñones, Kathryn ^a,c   Moreland, Angela D ^a   Davidson, Tatiana M ^a   López, Cristina M ^a   Barr, Simone C ^a,b   de Arellano, Michael A ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OF THE KING S DAUGHTERS   (United States)

Author keywords

Barriers to treatment; Rural; Telemedicine; Telemental health; Trauma; Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy; Underserved populations

Indexed keywords

CHILD; COGNITIVE THERAPY; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; FAMILY; HUMAN; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; RURAL HEALTH CARE; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; TELEMEDICINE; VULNERABLE POPULATION;

CHILD; COGNITIVE THERAPY; EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE; FAMILY; HUMANS; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES; RURAL HEALTH SERVICES; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; TELEMEDICINE; VULNERABLE POPULATIONS;

EID: 84925817952     PISSN: 15411559     EISSN: 1939148X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0034963     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Adobe Connect. (2013a). Available online at http://www.adobe.com/products/adobeconnect.html. Accessed January 18, 2013.
2. Adobe Connect. (2013b). Adobe connect meeting online pu.rchasing plans. Available online at https://service.acrobat.com/cfusion/bots/purchase/index.cfm. Accessed January 18, 2013.
3. Aisbett, D. L., Boyd, C. P., Francis, K. J., Newnham, K., & Newnham, K. (2007). Understanding barriers to mental health service utilization for adolescents in rural Australia. Rural and Remote Health, 7, 1-10.
4. American Psychological Association. (2007). Statement on services by telephone, teleconferencing, and internet. Retrieved on October 22, 2013, from http://www.apa.org/ethics/education/telephone-statement.aspx
5. American Psychological Association. (2012). Maryland becomes the 13th state to mandate telehealth services coverage. Available online at http://www.apapracticecentral.org/update/2012/05-10/telehealth-services .aspx. Accessed January 18, 2013.
6. American Psychological Association. (2013). Statement on services by telephone, teleconferencing, and internet. Available online at http://www.apa.org/ethics/education/telephone-statement.aspx. Accessed January 18, 2013.
7. Anderson, R. L. (2003). Use of community-based services by rural adolescents with mental health and substance use disorders,. Psychiatric Services, 54, 1339-1341.
8. Añez, L. M., Paris Jr., M., Bedregal, L. E., Davidson, L., & Grilo, C. M. (2005). Application of cultural constructs in the care of first generation Latino clients in a community mental health setting. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 11, 221-230.
9. Beers, S. R., & De Bellis, M. D. (2002). Neuropsychological function in children with maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 483-486. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.483
10. Bose, U., McLaren, P., Riley, A., & Mohammedali, A. (2001). The use of telepsychiatry in the brief counseling of non-psychotic patients from an inner-London general practice. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 7, 8-10. doi:10.1258/1357633011936804
11. Bouchard, S., Paquin, B., Payeur, R., Allard, M., Rivard, V., Fournier, T., . . . Lapierre, J. (2004). Delivering cognitive-behavior therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia in videoconference. Telemedicine Journal and e-Health, 10, 13-25. doi:10.1089/153056204773644535
12. Boyd, C. P., Aisbett, D. L., Francis, K., Kelly, M., Newnham, K., & Newnham, K. (2006). Issues in rural adolescent mental health in Australia. Rural and Remote Health, 6, 501.
13. Boyd, C., Francis, K., Aisbett, D., Newnham, K., Sewell, J., Dawes, G., & Nurse, S. (2007). Australian rural adolescents' experiences of accessing psychological help for a mental health problem. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 15, 196-200. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1584.2007.00884.x
14. Brown, F. W. (1998). Rural telepsychiatry. Psychiatric services, 49, 963-964.
15. Brown, N. A. (2006). State Medicaid and private payer reimbursement for telemedicine: An overview. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 12, 32-39. doi:10.1258/135763306778393108
16. Campbell, R., Ahrens, C. E., Sefl, T., Wasco, S. M., & Barnes, H. E. (2001). Social reactions to rape victims: Healing and hurtful effects on psychological and physical health outcomes. Violence and victims, 16, 287-302.
17. Cisco Jabber Video for TelePresence (Movi) Data Sheet. (2012). Available online at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/ps7060/ps11303/ps11310/ps11328/data_sheet_c78-628609.pdf. Accessed January 18, 2013.
18. Cohen, J. A., Deblinger, E., Mannarino, A. P., & Steer, R. (2004). A multi-site, randomized controlled trial for children with abuse-related PTSD symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 393-402. doi:10.1097/00004583-200404000-00005
19. Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Deblinger, E. (2006). Treating trauma and traumatic grief in children and adolescents. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
20. Copeland, W. E., Keeler, G., Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (2007). Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress in childhood.. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 577. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.577
21. Cromartie, J., & Bucholtz, S. (2008). Defining the "rural" in rural America. Amber Waves, 6, 28-34.
22. Dávalos, M. E., French, M. T., Burdick, A. E., & Simmons, S. C. (2009). Economic evaluation of telemedicine: Review of the literature and research guidelines for benefit- cost analysis. Telemedicine and e-Health, 15, 933-948. doi:10.1089/tmj.2009.0067
23. de Arellano, M. A., Danielson, C. K., & Felton, J. W. (2010). Children of Latino descent: Culturally modified TF-CBT. In J. A. Cohen, A. P. Mannarino, & E. Deblinger (Eds.), Trauma-focused CBT for children and adolescents: Treatment applications (pp. 253-279). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
24. De Arellano, M. A., Waldrop, A. E., Deblinger, E., Cohen, J. A., Danielson, C. K., & Mannarino, A. R. (2005). Community outreach program for child victims of traumatic events: A community-based project for underserved populations. Behavior Modification, 29, 130-155. doi: 10.1177/0145445504270878
25. De Bellis, M. D., Keshavan, M. S., Clark, D. B., Casey, B. J., Giedd, J. N., Boring, A. M., . . . Ryan, N. D. (1999). Developmental traumatology part II: Brain development. Biological Psychiatry, 45, 1271-1284. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00045-11
26. De Bellis, M. D., Keshavan, M. S., Shifflett, H., Iyengar, S., Beers, S. R., Hall, J., & Moritz, G. (2002). Brain structures in pediatric maltreatmentrelated posttraumatic stress disorder: A sociodemographically matched study.. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 1066. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01459-2
27. DePrince, A. P., Weinzierl, K. M., & Combs, M. D. (2009). Executive function performance and trauma exposure in a community sample of children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33, 353-361. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu .2008.08.002
28. Eberhardt, M. S., & Pamuk, E. R. (2004). The importance of place of residence: Examining health in rural and nonrural areas. Journal Information, 94, 1682-1686. doi:10.2105/AJPH.94.10.1682
29. Ehlers, A., Suendermann, O., Boellinghaus, I., Vossbeck-Elsebusch, A., Gamer, M., Briddon, E., . . . Glucksman, E. (2010). Heart rate responses to standardized trauma-related pictures in acute posttraumatic stress disorder. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 78, 27-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.04.009
30. Ellington, E., & McGuinness, T. M. (2011). Telepsychiatry for children and adolescents.. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 49, 19. doi:10.3928/02793695-20110111-03
31. Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2009). Lifetime assessment of poly-victimization in a national sample of children and youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33, 403-411. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.09.012
32. Fortney, J. C., Harman, J. S., Xu, S., & Dong, F. (2010). The association between rural residence and the use, type, and quality of depression care. The Journal of Rural Health, 26, 205-213. doi:10.1111/j.1748-0361.2010.00290.x
33. Gamm, L., & Van Nostrand, J. F. (2003). Rural healthy people 2010: A companion document to healthy people 2010. Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, School of Rural Public Health, Southwest Rural Health Research Center.
34. Germain, V., Marchand, A., Bouchard, S., Guay, S., & Drouin, M. S. (2010). Assessment of the therapeutic alliance in face-to-face or videoconference treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13, 29-35. doi:10.1089/cyber .2009.0139
35. Germain, V., Marchand, A., Bouchard, S., Drouin, M. S., & Guay, S. (2009). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy administered by videoconference for posttraumatic stress disorder. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 38, 42-53.
36. Grady, B. J., & Melcer, T. (2005). A retrospective evaluation of TeleMental Healthcare services for remote military populations. Telemedicine Journal & E-Health, 11, 551-558. doi:10.1089/tmj.2005.11.551
37. Griffiths, L., Blignault, I., & Yellowlees, P. (2006). Telemedicine as a means of delivering cognitive-behavioural therapy to rural and remote mental health clients. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 12, 136-140. doi:10.1258/135763306776738567
38. Gross, D., Julion, W., & Fogg, L. (2004). What motivates participation and dropout among low_income urban families of color in a prevention intervention?. Family Relations, 50, 246-254. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2001.00246.x
39. Hanson, R. F., Stauffacher Gros, K., Davidson, T. M., Barr, S., Cohen, J., Deblinger, E., . . . Ruggiero, K. J. (2013). National trainers' perspectives on challenges to implementation of an empirically-supported treatment: Implications for technology-based solutions. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. doi:10.1007/s10488-013-0492-6
40. Hartley, D., Korsen, N., Bird, D., & Agger, M. (1998). Management of patients with depression by rural primary care practitioners. Archives of Family Medicine, 7, 139-145.
41. Health Resources and Services Administration. (2013). Telehealth. Available online at http://www.hrsa.gov/ruralhealth/about/telehealth/. Accessed January, 18, 2013.
42. Heckert, C. M. (2012). Latina immigrants in rural western Pennsylvania and use of mental health resources when coping with depression: Implications for practice. International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 5, 182-189. doi:10.1080/17542863.2011.579713
43. Helbok, C. M. (2003). The practice of psychology in rural communities: Potential ethical dilemmas. Ethics & Behavior, 13, 367-384. doi: 10.1207/S15327019EB1304_5
44. Hilty, D. M., Ferrer, D. C., Parish, M. B., Johnston, B., Callahan, E. J., & Yellowlees, P. M. (2013). The effectiveness of telemental health: A 2013 review. Telemedicine and e-Health, 19, 444-454. doi:10.1089/TMJ.2013.0075
45. Himle, J. A., Fischer, D. J., Muroff, J. R., Van Etten, M. L., Lokers, L. M., Abelson, J. L., & Hanna, G. L. (2006). Videoconferencing-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1821-1829. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.12.010
46. iMedicalApps. (2011). FaceTime is HIPAA compliant and encrypted, could change the way physicians and patients communicate. Available online at http://www.imedicalapps.com/2011/09/facetime-hipaacompliantencrypted-avenue-telemedicine/. Accessed January 18, 2013.
47. Jennett, P., Yeo, M., Pauls, M., & Graham, J. (2003). Organizational readiness for telemedicine: implications for success and failure.. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 9(suppl 2), 27-30.
48. Kandel, W., & Cromartie, J. (2004). New patterns of Hispanic settlement in rural America. US Department Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
49. Kazdin, A. E. (2000). Psychotherapy for children and adolescents: Directions for research and practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
50. Kazdin, A. E., & Wassell, G. (2000). Predictors of barriers to treatment and therapeutic change in outpatient therapy for antisocial children and their families. Mental Health Services Research, 2, 27-40. doi:10.1023/A: 1010191807861
51. Kessler, R. C., McGonagle, K. A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C. B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., . . . Kendler, K. S. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 8-9. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002
52. Larsen, D. L., Attkisson, C. C., Hargreaves, W. A., & Nguyen, T. D. (1979). Assessment of client/patient satisfaction: Development of a general scale. Evaluation and Program Planning, 2, 197-207. doi: 10.1016/0149-7189(79)90094-6
53. Leigh, H., Cruz, H., & Mallios, R. (2009). Telepsychiatry appointments in a continuing care setting: Kept, cancelled and no-shows. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 15, 286-289. doi:10.1258/jtt.2009.090305
54. Le May, A., Mulhall, A., & Alexander, C. (1997). Bridging the researchpractice gap: Exploring the research cultures of practitioners and managers. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28, 428-437. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1998.00634.x
55. Malladi, S., & Mon, K. J. (2005). Decision support models for the selection of internet access technologies in rural communities. Telematics and Informatics, 22, 201-219. doi:10.1016/j.tele.2004.10.001
56. McMiller, W. P., & Weisz, J. R. (1996). Help-seeking preceding mental health clinic intake among African American, Latino, and Caucasian Youths. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1086-1094. doi:10.1097/00004583-199608000-00020
57. MCNC. (2013). Video soft client-Movi-Jabber. Available online at https://www.mcnc.org/services/video-soft-client-movi.html. Accessed January 18, 2013.
58. McTeague, L. M., Lang, P. J., Laplante, M. C., Cuthbert, B. N., Shumen, J. R., & Bradley, M. M. (2010). Aversive imagery in posttraumatic stress disorder: Trauma recurrence, comorbidity, and physiological reactivity. Biological Psychiatry, 67, 346-356. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.005
59. Medicaid.gov. (2013). Telemedicine. Available online at http://www .medicaid.gov/Medicaid-CHIP-Program-Information/By-Topics/Delivery-Systems/Telemedicine.html. Accessed January 18, 2013.
60. Mitchell, J. E., Crosby, R. D., Wonderlich, S. A., Crow, S., Lancaster, K., Simonich, H., . . . Myers, T. C. (2008). A randomized trial comparing the efficacy of cognitive- behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa delivered via telemedicine versus face-to-face.. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 581. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.02.004
61. Moradi, A. R., Neshat Doost, H. T., Taghavi, M. R., Yule, W., & Dalgleish, T. (1999). Everyday memory deficits in children and adolescents with PTSD: Performance on the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 357-361. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00453
62. Moreland, A. D., Jones, A. M., Felton, J., Ruggiero, K. J., Hanson, R. F., Saunders, B. E., . . . Kilpatrick, D. G. (2013). Adolescent interpersonal violence in urban versus rural settings: Prevalence and characteristics from the National Survey of Adolescents-Replication. Manuscript submitted for publication.
63. Morland, L. A., Frueh, B. C., Pierce, K., & Miyahira, S. (2003). PTSD and telemental health: Updates and future directions. National Center for PTSD Clinical Quarterly, 12, 1-5.
64. Murry, V. M., Heflinger, C. A., Suiter, S. V., & Brody, G. H. (2011). Examining perceptions about mental health care and help-seeking among rural African American families of adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 1118-1131. doi:10.1007/s10964-010-9627-1
65. Myers, K., Valentine, J., & Melzer, S. (2007). Feasibility, acceptability, and sustainability of telepsychiatry for children and adolescents. Psychiatric Services, 58, 1493-1496. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.58.11.1493
66. Myers, K. M., Valentine, J. M., & Melzer, S. M. (2008). Child and adolescent telepsychiatry: Utilization and satisfaction. Telemedicine and e-Health, 14, 131-137. doi:10.1089/tmj.2007.0035
67. Nathan, P. E., & Gorman, J. M. (2002). Efficacy, effectiveness, and the clinical utility of psychotherapy research. In P. E. Nathan & J. M. Gorman (Eds.), A guide to treatments that work (2nd ed., pp. 642-654). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
68. National Institute of Mental Health. (2000). Research on mental disorders in rural and frontier population (PA-00-082). Rockville, MD.
69. O'Reilly, R., Bishop, J., Maddox, K., Hutchinson, L., Fisman, M., & Takhar, J. (2007). Is telepsychiatry equivalent to face-to-face psychiatry? Results from a randomized controlled equivalence trial. Psychiatric Services, 58, 836-843. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.58.6.836
70. Palsbo, S. E. (2004). Medicaid payment for telerehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85, 1188-1191. doi:10.1016/j .apmr.2003.09.008
71. Pignatiello, A., Teshima, J., Boydell, K. M., Minden, D., Volpe, T., & Braunberger, P. G. (2011). Child and youth telepsychiatry in rural and remote primary care. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 20, 13-28. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2010.08.008
72. Poon, P., Hui, E., Dai, D., Kwok, T., & Woo, J. (2005). Cognitive intervention for community_dwelling older persons with memory problems: Telemedicine versus face:to_face treatment. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20, 285-286. doi:10.1002/gps.1282
73. Power, T. J. (2003). Promoting children's mental health: Reform through interdisciplinary and community partnerships. School Psychology Review, 32, 3.
74. Prinstein, M. J., La Greca, A. M., Vernberg, E. M., & Silverman, W. K. (1996). Children's coping assistance: How parents, teachers, and friends help children cope after a natural disaster. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25, 463-475. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2504_11
75. Richardson, L. K., Frueh, B. C., Grubaugh, A. L., Egede, L., & Elhai, J. D. (2009). Current directions in videoconferencing tele_mental health research. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 16, 323-338. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.2009.01170.x
76. Ruskin, P. E., Silver-Aylaian, M., Kling, M. A., Reed, S. A., Bradham, D. D., Hebel, J. R., . . . Hauser, P. (2004). Treatment outcomes in depression: Comparison of remote treatment through telepsychiatry to in-person treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1471-1476. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.8.1471
77. Saigh, P. A., Yasik, A. E., Oberfield, R. A., Halamandaris, P. V.,&Bremner, J. D. (2006). The intellectual performance of traumatized children and adolescents with or without posttraumatic stress disorder.. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 332. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.115.2.332
78. Saltzman, K. M., Weems, C. F., & Carrion, V. G. (2006). IQ and posttraumatic stress symptoms in children exposed to interpersonal violence. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 36, 261-272. doi:10.1007/s10578-005-0002-5
79. Shamblin, S. R., Williams, N. F., & Bellaw, J. R. (2012). Conceptualizing homelessness in rural Appalachia: Understanding contextual factors relevant to community mental health practice. Rural Mental Health, 36, 3-9. doi:10.1037/h0095809
80. Shore, J. H., Brooks, E., Savin, D., Orton, H., Grigsby, J., & Manson, S. M. (2008). Acceptability of telepsychiatry in American Indians. Telemedicine and e-Health, 14, 461-466. doi:10.1089/tmj.2007.0077
81. Shore, J. H., Savin, D. M., Novins, D., & Manson, S. M. (2006). Cultural aspects of telepsychiatry. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 12, 116-121. doi:10.1258/135763306776738602
82. Shore, J. H., Savin, D., Orton, H., Beals, J., & Manson, S. M. (2007). Diagnostic reliability of telepsychiatry in American Indian veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 115-118.
83. Skype™. (2010). IT Administrators Guide: Skype for Windows Version 4.2. Available online at http://download.skype.com/share/business/guides/skype-it-administrators-guide.pdf Accessed January 18, 2013.
84. Smalley, K. B., Yancey, C. T., Warren, J. C., Naufel, K., Ryan, R., & Pugh, J. L. (2010). Rural mental health and psychological treatment: A review for practitioners. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66, 479-489. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20688
85. Smith, T. B., Rodríguez, M., & Bernal, G. (2011). Culture. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67, 166-175. doi:10.1002/jclp.20757
86. Smith-Adcock, S., Daniels, M. H., Lee, S. M., Villalba, J. A., & Indelicato, N. A. (2006). Culturally responsive school counseling for Hispanic/Latino students and families: The need for bilingual school counselors. Professional School Counseling, 10, 92-101.
87. Snell-Johns, J., Mendez, J. L., & Smith, B. H. (2004). Evidence-based solutions for overcoming access barriers, decreasing attrition, and promoting change with underserved families. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 19-35. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.18.1.19
88. Terr, L. C. (2003). Childhood traumas: An outline and overview. Focus, 1, 322.
89. The National Advisory Committee on Rural Health and Human Services. (2009). The 2009 report to the secretary: Rural health and human services issues. Available online at http://www.hrsa.gov/advisorycommittees/rural/2009secreport.pdf. Accessed January 18, 2013.
90. Tucker, P., Pfefferbaum, B., North, C. S., Kent, A., Burgin, C. E., Parker, D. E., . . . Trautman, R. P. (2007). Physiologic reactivity despite emotional resilience several years after direct exposure to terrorism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 230-235.
91. Tuerk, P. W., Yoder, M., Ruggiero, K. J., Grös, D. F., & Acierno, R. (2010). A pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder delivered via telehealth technology. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23, 116-123. doi:10.1002/jts.20494
92. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1999). Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, 1999. Available online at http://profiles. nlm.nih.gov/ps/access/NNBBHS.pdf. Accessed June 12, 2013.
93. Van Allen, J., Davis, A. M., & Lassen, S. (2011). The use of telemedicine in pediatric psychology: Research review and current applications. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 20, 55-66. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2010.09.003
94. Wandersman, A. (2003). Community science: Bridging the gap between science and practice with community-centered models. American Journal of Community Psychology, 31, 227-242. doi:10.1023/A: 1023954503247
95. Wandersman, A., Duffy, J., Flaspohler, P., Noonan, R., Lubell, K., Stillman, L., . . . Saul, J. (2008). Bridging the gap between prevention research and practice: The interactive systems framework for dissemination and implementation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 171-181. doi:10.1007/S10464-008-9274-Z
96. Wells, K., Miranda, J., Bruce, M. L., Alegira, M., & Wallerstein, N. (2004). Bridging community intervention and mental health services research. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(6), 955-963.
97. Whitten, P., & Buis, L. (2007). Private payer reimbursement for telemedicine services in the United States. Telemedicine and e-Health, 13, 15-24. doi:10.1089/TMJ.2006.0028
98. Yuen, E. K., Goetter, E. M., Herbert, J. D., & Forman, E. M. (2012). Challenges and opportunities in internet-mediated telemental health. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43, 1-8. doi:10.1037/A0025524
99. Zur, O. (2013). Utilizing Skype to provide telemental health, e-counseling, or e-therapy. Available online at http://www.zurinstitute.com/skype_telehealth.html#hipaa. Accessed January 18, 2013.