The mechanism of a mass crime: The great terror in the Soviet Union, 1937–1938

The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 215-240

  Werth, Nicolas ^a  

^a CNRS   (France)

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EID: 84925585661     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511819674.010     Document Type: Chapter

References (57)

1. Nicolas Werth, “A State against Its People: Violence, Repression and Terror in the Soviet Union,” in S. Courtois et al., The Black Book of Communism (Cambridge, Mass., 1999), 33–269.
2. Zbigniew Brzezinski’s The Permanent Purge (Cambridge, Mass., 1958) is the clearest statement of this hypothesis.
3. Getty, Origins; Gabor Rittersporn, Stalinist Simplifications and Soviet Complications: Social Tensions and Political Conflicts in the USSR, 1933-1953 (New York, 1991).
4. V.P. Popov, “Gosudarstvennyi terror v Sovetskoi Rossii, 1921–1953” (State terror in Soviet Russia, 1921–1953), Otecestvennye Arkhivy, no. 2 (1992): 20–31.
5. J. A. Getty, T. G. Rittersporn, and V.Zemskov, “Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the Pre-Wars Years: A First Approach on the Basis of Archival Evidence,” American Historical Review 98, 4 (October 1993): 1017-49
6. Stephen Wheatcroft, “Victims of Stalinism and the Soviet Secret Police: The Comparability and Reliability of the Archival Data–Not the Last Word,” Europe-Asia Studies51, 2 (1999): 315–45.
7. O. Khlevniuk, “Les mécanismes de la Grande Terreur au Turkmenistan,” Cahiers du Monde Russe 39, 1–2 (1998): 197–208.
8. Stalin private office, Istoriceskii Arkhiv, no. 6 (1994), nos. 2–6 (1995).
9. Paul Hagenloh, “ ‘Socially Harmful Elements’ and the Great Terror,” in Sheila Fitzpatrick (ed.), Stalinism: New Directions (London, 2000), 286.
10. Terry Martin, “An Affirmative Action Empire: Ethnicity and the Soviet State, 1923–1938,” Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1996, esp. ch. 8; and “The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing,” Journal of Modern History 70, 4 (1998): 813–61.
11. Fitzpatrick, Stalinism: New Directions, 258.
12. Annie Kriegel, Les grands procès dans les systèmes communists (Paris, 1972), 160.
13. Getty and Naumov, Road to Terror, 473–80.
14. Getty and Naumov, Road to Terror.
15. Oleg Khlevniuk and Alexander Kvachonkin (eds.), Bolshevitskoie Rukovodstvo. Perepiska, 1928–1941 (The Bolshevik leadership. Correspondence, 1928–41) (Moscow, 1999).
16. Stephen Kotkin, MagneticMountain (Berkeley, 1995), esp. ch. 8
17. Robert Weinberg, “Purge and Politics in the Periphery: Birobidzhan in 1937,” Slavic Review 52, 1 (1993): 13–27.
18. Hiroaki Kuromiya, Freedom and Terror in the Donbass: A Ukrainian-Russian Borderland, 1870s–1990s(Cambridge, 1998), ch. 6
19. James Harris, The Great Urals: Regionalism and the Evolution of the Soviet System (Ithaca, 1999), ch. 6.
20. David L. Hoffman, “The Great Terror on the Local Level: Purges in Moscow Factories, 1936–1938,” in J. Arch Getty and Roberta T. Manning (eds.), Stalinist Terror: New Perspectives (Cambridge, 1993), 153–70; Harris, Urals.
21. Merle Fainsod, Smolensk under Stalin' Rule (Cambridge, 1965). It has been the subject of several monographs.
22. Sheila Fitzpatrick, Stalin's Peasants: Resistance and Survival in the Russian Village after Collectivization (Oxford, 1994), 297. According to Oleg Khlevniuk, between August and December 1937, the Politburo sent precise instruction on the holding of more than forty public show trials of local officials
23. Oleg Khlevniuk, “The Objectives of the Great Terror, 1937–1938,” in Julian Cooper et al. (eds.), Soviet History, 1917–1953: Essays in Honour of R.W. Davies (London, 1995), 158–76
24. Roger R. Reese, “The Red Army and the Great Purges,” in Getty and Manning, Stalinist Terror, 199–202
25. Roger R. Reese, Stalin's Reluctant Soldiers: A Social History of the Red Army, 1925–1941(Lawrence, Kans. 1996)
26. A. Cristiani and V.Michaleva (eds.), Le repressioni degli anni trenta nell’ Armata rossa (Naples, 1999).
27. Getty and Naumov, Road to Terror, 470–71.
28. Getty and Naumov, Road to Terror, 473–80.
29. Getty and Naumov, Road to Terror is in A. I. Kokurin and N. V.Petrov (eds.), Goulag, 1917–1960(Moscow, 2000), 96–104.
30. Getty and Naumov, Road to Terror, 472.
31. Okhotin and Roginskii, “Iz Istori Nemetskoi Operatsii NKV. 1937–1938,” 60.
32. N. Ivnitski, Kollektivisatsia i Razkulacivanie (Collectivization and dekulakization) (Moscow, 1994), 102–10.
33. Ivnitski, Kollektivisatsia i Razkulacivanie, 112–14.
34. V. P. Danilov and A. Berelowich, “Les documents de la V.K-OGPU- NKV. sur les campagnes soviétiques, 1918–1937,” Cahiers du monde russe 35 (1994): 671.
35. Nicolas Werth, “Déplaces spéciaux et colons de travail dans la société stalinienne,” Vingtième Siécle, no. 54 (April–June 1997): 34–50.
36. Cahiers du monde russe 39, 1–2 (1998): 119–48.
37. N. Werth and G. Moullec, Rapports secrets soviétiques. La société russe dans les documents confidentiels, 1921–1991 (Paris, 1995), 45–47.
38. Nicolas Werth, “A State against Its People,” in Courtois et al., Black Book of Communism, 175–78.
39. J. Arch Getty, G. Rittersporn, and V. Zemskov, “Les victimes de la répression pénale dans l’URSS d’avant-guerre,” Revue des études slaves 65 (1993): 657.
40. Getty and Naumov, Road to Terror, 518–19.
41. V. Zemskov, Argumenty i Fakty, no. 45 (1989): 6.
42. N. Okhotin and A. B. Roginskii, “Iz Istorii ‘nemetskol operatsii’ NKV. 1937–1938” (History of the “German Operation” of the NKV., 1937–1938), in I. L. Scherbakova (ed.), Nakazannyi Narod (The punished people) (Moscow, 1999), 35–74.
43. Okhotin and Roginskii, “Iz Istorii ‘nemetskoi operatsii’ NKV. 1937–1938,” 36–37.
44. Petrov and Roginskii, “Pol’skaia operatsia NKV. 1937–1938,” 22–43.
45. Suturin, Delo kraevogo masstaba (A case of regional importance) (Khabarovsk, 1991).
46. Okhotin and Roginskii, “Iz Istorii ‘nemetskoi operatsii’ NKV. 1937–1938,” 69.
47. O. Khlevniuk, “The Influence of the Foreign Context on the Mechanisms of Terror,” paper presented at the International Conference on La Russia nell’ eta delle guerre (1914–1945). V.rso un nuovo paradigma, Cortona, October 24–27, 1997.
48. Petrov and Roginskii, “Pol’skaia operatsia NKV. 1937–1938,” 23.
49. Okhotin and Roginskii, “Iz Istorii ‘nemetskoi operatsii’ NKV. 1937–1938,” 53.
50. Petrov and Roginskii, “Pol’skaia operatsia NKV. 1937–1938,” 33.
51. Okhotin and Roginskii, “Iz Istorii ‘nemetskoi operatsii’ NKV. 1937–1938,” 62.
52. Petrov and Roginskii, “Iz Istorii ‘nemetskoï operatsii’ NKV. 1937–1938,” 37.
53. A. German, Istoria Respubliki Nemtsev Povoljia(History of the V.lga German Republic) (Moscow, 1996), 223–29.
54. Getty and Naumov, The Road to Terror, 533–34.
55. Moshe Lewin, The Making of the Soviet System: Essays in the Social History of Interwar Russia (London, 1985), 221.
56. Fitzpatrick, Stalinism: New Directions, 259.
57. Ernst Nolte, in his much debated book, Der europäische Bürgerkrieg 1917–1945, 5th ed. (Munich, 1997), focusing on the influence of Soviet criminal practices on Nazi terror.