Adaptation to Hot Environmental Conditions: An Exploration of the Performance Basis, Procedures and Future Directions to Optimise Opportunities for Elite Athletes

Sports Medicine

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 303-311

  Guy, Joshua H ^a   Deakin, Glen B ^a   Edwards, Andrew M ^a,c   Miller, Catherine M ^a   Pyne, David B ^a,b  

^a JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF SPORT   (Australia)

^c Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCLIMATIZATION; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; ENDURANCE; HEAT; HUMAN; PHYSIOLOGY; RUNNING; THERMOREGULATION;

ACCLIMATIZATION; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION; HOT TEMPERATURE; HUMANS; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; RUNNING;

EID: 84925532987     PISSN: 01121642     EISSN: 11792035     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0277-4     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Ely MR, Cheuvront SN, Roberts WO, et al. Impact of weather on marathon-running performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(3):487–93.
2. Racinais S, Mohr M, Buchheit M, et al. Individual responses to short-term heat acclimatisation as predictors of football performance in a hot, dry environment. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46(11):810–5.
3. Sawka MN, Wenger CB, Pandolf KB. Thermoregulatory responses to acute exercise-heat stress and heat acclimation. Compr Physiol 2011;Suppl. 14: Handbook of physiology, environmental physiology 157–85.
4. Garrett AT, Rehrer NJ, Patterson MJ. Induction and decay of short-term heat acclimation in moderately and highly trained athletes. Sports Med. 2011;41(9):757–71.
5. Chalmers S, Esterman A, Eston R, et al. Short-term heat acclimation training improves physical performance: a systematic review, and exploration of physiological adaptations and application for team sports. Sports Med. 2014;44(7):971–88.
6. Taylor NA. Principles and practices of heat adaptation. J Hum Environ Syst. 2000;4(1):10.
7. Gonzalez-Alonso J, Calbet JA, Nielsen B. Metabolic and thermodynamic responses to dehydration-induced reductions in muscle blood flow in exercising humans. J Physiol. 1999;520(Pt 2):577–89.
8. Harding S. The tropical agenda. J Tropical Psychol. 2011;1(01):2–5.
9. Sawka MN, Leon LR, Montain SJ, et al. Integrated physiological mechanisms of exercise performance, adaptation, and maladaptation to heat stress. Compr Physiol. 2011;1:46.
10. Corbett J, Neal RA, Lunt HC, et al. Adaptation to heat and exercise performance under cooler conditions: a new hot topic. Sports Med. 2014 (In press).
11. Harrison MH. Effects on thermal stress and exercise on blood volume in humans. Physiol Rev. 1985;65(1):149–209.
12. Senay LC. Changes in plasma volume and protein content during exposures of working men to various temperatures before and after acclimatization to heat: separation of the roles of cutaneous and skeletal muscle circulation. J Physiol. 1972;224(1):61–81.
13. O’Sullivan SE. The effects of exercise training on markers of endothelial function in young healthy men. Int J Sports Med. 2003;24(6):404–9.
14. Sawka MN, Hubbard RW, Francesconi RP, et al. Effects of acute plasma volume expansion on altering exercise-heat performance. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1983;51(3):303–12.
15. Cadarette BS, Sawka MN, Toner MM, et al. Aerobic fitness and the hypohydration response to exercise-heat stress. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1984;55(6):507–12.
16. Shapiro Y, Hubbard RW, Kimbrough CM, et al. Physiological and hematologic responses to summer and winter dry-heat acclimation. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1981;50(4):792–8.
17. Taylor NA, Cotter JD. Heat adaptation: guidelines for the optimisation of human performance. Int SportMed J. 2006;7(1).
18. Cândido C, de Dear R, Ohba M. Effects of artificially induced heat acclimatization on subjects’ thermal and air movement preferences. Build Environ. 2012;49:251–8.
19. Saunders AG, Dugas R, Tucker M, et al. The effects of different air velocities on heat storage and body temperature in humans cycling in a hot, humid environment. Acta Physiol Scand. 2005;183:241–55.
20. Galloway SD, Maughan RJ. Effects of ambient temperature on the capacity to perform prolonged cycle exercise in man. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997;29(9):1240–9.
21. Garrett AT, Creasy R, Rehrer NJ, et al. Effectiveness of short-term heat acclimation for highly trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;112(5):1827–37.
22. Armstrong LE, Hubbard RW, DeLuca JP, et al. Heat acclimatization during summer running in the northeastern United States. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1987;19(2):131–6.
23. Magalhaes FC, Amorin FT, Passos RL, et al. Heat and exercise acclimation increases intracellular levels of Hsp72 and inhibits exercise-induced increase in intracellular and plasma Hsp72 in Humans. Cell Stress Chaperon. 2010;15:10.
24. Weller AS, Linnane AG, Jonkman AG, et al. Quantification of the decay and re-induction of heat acclimation in dry heat following 12 and 26 days without exposure to heat stress. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;102:57–66.
25. Edwards AM, Polman RCJ. Pacing in sport and exercise: a psychophysiological perspective. New York: Nova Science Publishers; 2012.
26. Montain SJ, Maughan RJ, Sawka MN. Heat acclimatization strategies for the 1996 Summer Olympics. Int J Athl Train Ther. 1996;1(3):5.
27. Mohr M, Krustrup P, Nybo L, et al. Muscle temperature and sprint performance during soccer matches-beneficial effect of re-warm-up at half-time. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2004;14(3):156–62.
28. Iwase S, Cui J, Wallin BG, et al. Effects of increased ambient temperature on skin sympathetic nerve activity and core temperature in humans. Neurosci Lett. 2002;327(1):37–40.
29. Aoyagi Y, McLellan T, Shephard R. Effects of training and acclimation on heat tolerance in exercising men wearing protective clothing. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1994;68(3):234–45.
30. Aoyagi Y, McLellan TM, Shephard R. Effects of 6 versus 12 days of heat acclimation on heat tolerance in lightly exercising men wearing protective clothing. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1995;71(2–3):187–96.
31. Brade C, Dawson B, Wallman K. Effect of precooling on repeat sprint performance in the heat. J Sports Sci. 2013;31(7):779–86.
32. Buchheit M, Voss SC, Nybo L, et al. Phsyiological and performance adaptations to an in-season soccer camp in the heat: Associations with heart rate and heart rate variability. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011;21:477–85.
33. Buono MJ, Heaney JH, Canine KM. Acclimation to humid heat lowers resting core temperature. Am J Physiol Reg I. 1998;274(43):R1295–9.
34. Chen T, Tsai P, Lin J, et al. Effect of short term heat acclimation on endurance time and skin blood flow in trained athletes. Open Access J Sports Med. 2012;4:161–70.
35. Cotter JD, Patterson MJ, Taylor NA. Sweat distribution before and after repeated heat exposure. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1997;76(2):181–6.
36. Garrett AT, Goosens NG, Rehrer NJ, et al. Induction and decay of short-term heat acclimation. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;107(6):659–70.
37. Marshall HC, Campbell SA, Roberts CW, et al. Human physiological and heat shock protein 72 adaptations during the initial phase of humid-heat acclimation. J Therm Biol. 2007;32:8.
38. Petersen CJ, Portus MR, Pyne DB, et al. Partial heat acclimation in cricketers using a 4-day high intensity cycling protocol. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2010;5:535–45.
39. Sunderland C, Morris JG, Nevill ME. A heat acclimation protocol for team sports. Br J Sports Med. 2008;42(5):327–33.
40. Burk A, Timpmann S, Kreegipuu K, et al. Effects of heat acclimation on endurance capacity and prolactin response to exercise in the heat. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(12):4091–101.
41. Castle P, Mackenzie R, Maxwell N, et al. Heat acclimation improves intermittent sprinting in the heat but additional pre-cooling offers no further ergogenic effect. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(11):1125–34.
42. Cheung SS, McLellan TM. Heat acclimation, aerobic fitness, and hydration effects on tolerance during uncompensable heat stress. J Appl Physiol. 1998;84(5):1731–9.
43. Daanen HAM, Jonkman AG, Layden JD, et al. Optimising the acquisition and retention of heat acclimation. Int J Sports Med. 2011;32(11):822–8.
44. Houmard JA, Costill DL, Davis JA, et al. The influence of exercise intensity on heat acclimation in trained subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990;22(5):615–20.
45. Lorenzo S, Halliwill JR, Sawka MN, et al. Heat acclimation improves exercise performance. J Appl Physiol. 2010;109(4):1140–7.
46. Lorenzo S, Minson CT. Heat acclimation improves cutaneous vascular function and sweating in trained cyclists. J Appl Physiol. 2010;109(6):1736–43.
47. Nielsen B, Hales JR, Strange S, et al. Human circulatory and thermoregulatory adaptations with heat acclimation and exercise in a hot, dry environment. J Physiol. 1993;460:467–85.
48. Nielsen B, Strange S, Christensen NJ, et al. Acute and adaptive responses in humans to exercise in a warm, humid environment. Pflugers Arch. 1997;434(1):49–56.
49. Racinais S, Buchheit M, Bilsborough J, et al. Physiological and performance responses to a training camp in the heat in professional Australian Football players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014;9:598–603.
50. Sawka MN, Young AJ, Cadarette BS. Influence of heat stress and acclimation on maximal aerobic power. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1985;53(4):294–8.
51. Voltaire B, Galy O, Coste O, et al. Effect of fourteen days of acclimatization on athletic performance in tropical climate. Can J Appl Physiol. 2002;27(6):551–62.