Three year observations of water vapor and energy fluxes over agricultural crops in two regional climates of Southwest Germany

Meteorologische Zeitschrift

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 39-59

  Wizemann, Hans Dieter ^a   Ingwersen, Joachim ^a   Högy, Petra ^a   Warrach Sagi, Kirsten ^a   Streck, Thilo ^a   Wulfmeyer, Volker ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HOHENHEIM   (Germany)

Author keywords

Albedo; Eddy covariance method; Energy balance closure; Kraichgau; Land surface atmosphere exchange; Swabian jura

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL LAND; ALBEDO; EDDY COVARIANCE; ENERGY FLUX; REGIONAL CLIMATE; WATER VAPOR;

BADEN-WURTTEMBERG; GERMANY; KRAICHGAU; RHINE VALLEY; SWABIAN ALB;

BRASSICA NAPUS; TRITICUM AESTIVUM; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 84925377422     PISSN: 09412948     EISSN: 16101227     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1127/metz/2014/0618     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Aubinet, M., C. Moureaux, B. Bodson, D. Dufranne, B. Heinesch, M. Suleau, F. Vancutsem, A. Vilret, 2009: Carbon sequestration by a crop over a 4-year sugar beet/winter wheat/seed potato/winter wheat rotation cycle. - Agric. For. Meteor. 149, 407-418.
2. Baldocchi, D., 2013: A brief history on eddy covariance measurements: A personal perspective. - Fluxletter 5, 1-8.
3. Baldocchi, D., R. Valentini, S. Running, W. Oechel, R. Dahlmann, 1996: Strategies for measuring and modelling CO2 and water vapor fluxes over terrestrial ecosystems. - Global Change Biol. 2, 159-168.
4. Baldocchi, D., E. Falge, L. Gu, R. Olson, D. Hollinger, S. Running, P. Anthoni, Ch. Bernhofer, K. Davis, J. Fuentes, A. Goldstein, G. Katul, B. Law, X. Lee, Y. Malhi, T. Meyers, W. Munger, W. Oechel, K.T. Paw, K. Pilegaard, H.P. Schmid, R. Valentini, S. Verma, T. Vesala, K. Wilson, S. Wofsky, 2001: FLUXNET: a new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem- scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux densities. - Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 82, 2415-2435.
5. Bange, J., M. Herold, T. Spieß, F. Beyrich, B. Hennemuth, 2006: Turbulent fluxes from helipod flights above quasihomogeneous patches within the LITFASS area. - Bound.- Layer Meteor. 121, 127-151.
6. Behrendt, A., V. Wulfmeyer, A. Riede, G. Wagner, S. Pal, H. Bauer, M. Radlach, F. Späth, 2009: 3-dimensional observations of atmospheric humidity with a scanning differential absorption lidar. - In: Picard, R.H., K. Schäfer, A. Comeron et al. (Eds.): Remote sensing of clouds and the atmosphere XIV., SPIE Conf. Proc. Vol. 7475, Art. No. 74750L, DOI:10.1117/12.835143.
7. Behrendt, A., S. Pal, F. Aoshima, M. Bender, A. Blyth, U. Corsmeier, J. Cuesta, G. Dick, M. Dorninger, C. Flamant, P. di Girolamo, T. Gorgas, Y. Huang, N. Kalthoff, S. Khodayar, H. Mannstein, K. Träumner, A. Wieser, V. Wulfmeyer, 2011: Observation of convection initiation processes with a suite of state-of-the-art research instruments during COPS IOP8b. - Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 137, 81-100.
8. Beyrich, F., H.T. Mengelkamp, 2006: Evaporation over a heterogeneous land surface: EVA-GRIPS and the LITFASS-2003 experiment - an overview. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 121, 5-32.
9. Beyrich, F., J.P. Leps, M. Mauder, J. Bange, T. Foken, S. Huneke, H. Lohse, A. Lüdi, W.M.L. Meijninger, D. Mironov, U. Weisensee, P. Zittel, 2006: Area-averaged surface fluxes over the LITFASS region based on eddycovariance measurements. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 121, 33-65.
10. Billesbach, D.P., 2011: Estimating uncertainties in individual eddy covariance flux measurements: a comparison of methods and a proposed new method. - Agric. For. Meteor. 151, 394-405.
11. Chen, F., J. Dudhia, 2001a: Coupling and advanced land surface-hydrology model with the PennState-NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I. Model implementation and sensitivity. - Mon. Wea. Rev. 129, 569-585.
12. Chen, F., J. Dudhia, 2001b: Coupling and advanced land surface-hydrology model with the PennState-NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part II. Preliminary model validation. - Mon. Wea. Rev. 129, 587-604.
13. Choi, M.M., W.P. Kustas, M.C. Anderson, R.G. Allen, F. Li, J.H. Kjaersgaard 2009: An intercomparison of three remote sensing-based surface energy balance algorithms over a corn and soybean production region (Iowa, U.S.) during SMACEX. - Agric. For. Meteor. 149, 694-713.
14. De Vries, D.A., 1963: Thermal properties in soils. - In: van Wijk, W.R. (Ed.): Physics of plant environment. - North Holland Pub. Co., Amsterdam, 210 pp.
15. Eigenmann, R., N. Kalthoff, T. Foken, M. Dorninger, M. Kohler, D. Legain, G. Pigeon, B. Piguet, D. Schüttemeyer, O. Traulle, 2011: Surface energy balance and turbulence network during the Convective and Orographicallyinduced Precipitation Study (COPS). - Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 137, 57-69.
16. European Commission, 2010: Eurostat News Release 145. - Available at http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
17. Falge, E., D. Baldocchi, R. Olson, P. Anthoni, M. Aubinet, Ch. Bernhofer, G. Burba, R. Ceulemans, R. Clement, H. Dolmani, A. Granier, P. Gross, T. Grünwald, D. Hollinger, N.O. Jensen, G. Katulm, P. Keronen, A. Kowalski, C.T. Lai, B.E. Law, T. Meyers, J. Moncrieff, E. Moors, J.W. Munger, K. Pilegaard, Ü. Rannik, C. Rebmann, A. Suyker, J. Tenhunen, K. Tu, S. Verma, T. Vesala, K. Wilson, S. Wofsy, 2001: Gap filling strategies for defensible annual sums of net ecosystem exchange. - Agric. For. Meteor. 107, 43-69.
18. Finkelstein, P.L., P.F. Sims, 2001: Sampling error in eddy correlation flux measurements. - J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 106, 3503-3509.
19. Foken, T., 2008a: Micrometeorology. - Springer, Heidelberg, 308 pp.
20. Foken, T., 2008b: The energy balance closure problem: an overview. - Ecol. Appl. 18, 1351-1367.
21. Foken, T., M. Göckede, M. Mauder, L. Mahrt, B.D. Amiro, J.W. Munger, 2004: Post-field data quality control. - In: Lee, X., W. Massman, B. Law (Eds.): Handbook of micrometeorology. A guide to surface flux measurements and analysis. - Kluwer, Dordrecht, 181-208.
22. Foken, T., M. Mauder, C. Liebethal, F.Wimmer, F. Beyrich, J.P. Leps, S. Raasch, H.A.R. DeBruin,W.M.L. Meijninger, J. Bange, 2010: Energy balance closure for the LITFASS- 2003 experiment. - Theor. Appl. Climatol. 101, 149-160.
23. Gayler, S., J. Ingwersen, E. Priesack, E. Wöhling, V. Wulfmeyer, T. Streck, 2013: Assessing the relevance of subsurface processes for the simulation of evapotranspiration and soil moisture dynamics with CLM3.5: comparison with field data and crop model simulations. - Environ. Earth Sci. 69. DOI:10.1007/s12665-013-2309-z
24. Gayler, S., T. Wöhling, M. Grzeschik, J. Ingwersen, J. H.D. Wizemann, K. Warrach-Sagi, P. Högy, S. Attinger, T. Streck, V. Wulfmeyer, 2014: Incorporating dynamic root growth enhances the performance of Noah-MP ensemble simulations at two contrasting winter wheat field sites. - Water Resour. Res. 50, 1337-1356, DOI:10.1002/2013WR014634.
25. Göckede, M., T. Markkanen, C.B. Hasager, T. Foken, 2006: Update of a footprint-based approach for the characterization of complex measuring sites. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 118, 635-655.
26. Hendricks Franssen, H.J., R. Stöckli, I. Lehner, E. Rotenberg, S.I. Seneviratne 2010: Energy balance closure of eddycovariance data: a multisite analysis for European FLUXNET stations. - Agric. For. Meteor. 150, 1553-1567.
27. Houborg, R., M.C. Anderson, J.M. Norman, T. Wilson, T. Meyers, 2009: Intercomparison of a 'bottom-up' and a 'top-down' modeling paradigm for estimating carbon and energy fluxes over a variety of vegetative regims across the U.S. - Agric. For. Meteor. 149, 1875-1895.
28. Inagaki, A., M.O. Letzel, S. Raasch, M. Kanda, 2006: Impact of surface heterogeneity on energy balance: a study using LES. - J.Meteor. Soc. Japan 84, 187-198.
29. Ingwersen, J., K. Steffens, P. Högy, K. Warrach- Sagi, D. Zhunusbayeva, M. Poltoradnev, R. Gäbler, H.D.Wizemann, A. Fangmeier, V. Wulfmeyer, T. Streck, 2011: Comparison of NOAH simulations with eddy covariance and soil water measurements at a winter wheat stand. - Agric. For. Meteor. 151, 345-355.
30. KA5, 2005. German soil survey instructions, Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung. 5th Ed. - Hannover, Germany.
31. Kanda, M., A. Inagaki, M.O. Letzel, S. Raasch, T. Watanabe, 2004: LES study of the energy imbalance problem with eddy covariance fluxes. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 110, 381-404.
32. Lee, X., W. Massman, B.E. Law, 2004: Handbook of micrometeorology. A guide to surface flux measurements and Analysis. - Kluwer, Dordrecht.
33. Lenschow, D.H., J. Mann, L. Kristensen, 1994: How long is long enough when measuring fluxes and other turbulence statistics? - J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 11, 661-673.
34. Lenschow, D.H., V. Wulfmeyer, C. Senff, 2000: Measuring second- through fourth-order moments in noisy data. - J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 17, 1330-1347.
35. Mauder, M., T. Foken, 2004: Documentation and instruction manual of the eddy covariance software package TK2. - Universität Bayreuth, Abteilung Mikrometeorologie: Arbeitsergebnisse 26, ISSN 1614-8924, 44 pp.
36. Mauder, M., C. Liebethal, M. Göckede, J.P. Leps, F. Beyrich, T. Foken, 2006: Processing and quality control of flux data during LITFASS-2003. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 121, 67-88.
37. Mauder, M., S.P. Oncley, R. Vogt, T.Weidinger, L. Ribeiro, Ch. Bernhofer, T. Foken, W. Kohsiek, H.A.R. De Bruin, H. Liu, 2007: The energy balance experiment EBEX-2000. Part II: Intercomparison of eddy-covariance sensors and postfield data processing methods. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 123, 29-54.
38. Mauder, M., M. Cuntz, C. Drüe, A. Graf, C. Rebmann, H.P. Schmid, M. Schmidt, R. Steinbrecher, 2013: A strategy for quality and uncertainty assessment of long-term eddy-covariance measurements. - Agric. For. Meteor. 169, 122-135.
39. McMaster, G.S.,W.W.Wilhelm, 1997: Growing degree-days: one equation, two interpretations. - Agric. For. Meteor. 87, 291-300.
40. Meijninger, W.M.L., A. Lüdi, F. Beyrich, W. Kohsiek, H.A.R. DeBruin, 2006: Scintillometer-based turbulent surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat over a heterogeneous land surface - a contribution to LITFASS-2003. - Bound.- Layer Meteor. 121, 89-110.
41. Moore, C.J., 1986: Frequency response corrections for eddy correlation systems. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 37, 17-35.
42. Monteith, J.L., 1959: The reflection of short-wave radiation by vegetation. - Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 85, 386-392.
43. Monteith, J.L., M.H. Unworth, 2008: Principles of Environmental Physics. 3rd edition. - Academic Press, Amsterdam, 418 pp.
44. Niu, G.Y., Z.L. Yang, K.E. Mitchell, F. Chen, M.B. Ek, M. Barlage, A. Kumar, K. Manning, D. Niyogi, E. Rosero, M. Tewari, Y. Xia, Y., 2011: The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 1. Model description and evaluation with localscale measurements. - J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 116, D12109.
45. Ohmura, A., E.G. Dutton, B. Forgan, C. Fröhlich, H. Gilgen, H. Hegner, A. Heimo, G. König-Langlo, B. McArthur, G. Müller, R. Philipona, R. Pinker, C.H. Whitlock, K. Dehne, M.Wild, 1998: Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN/WCRP): new precision radiometry for climate research. - Bull. Am.Meteor. Soc. 79, 2115-2136.
46. Oncley, S.P., T. Foken, R. Vogt, W. Kohsiek, H.A.R. De- Bruin, Ch. Bernhofer, A. Christen, E. van Gorsel, D. Grantz, C. Feigenwinter, I. Lehner, H. Liu, M. Mauder, A. Pitacco, L. Ribeiro, T. Weidinger, 2007: The Energy Balance Experiment EBEX-2000. Part I. overview and energy balance. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 123, 1-28.
47. Pal, S., 2009: A scanning eye-safe rotational raman lidar in the ultraviolet for measurements of tropospheric temperature fields. - University of Hohenheim, Institute of Physics and Meteorology, Stuttgart, available at http://opus.ub.uni-hohenheim.de/volltexte/2009/345/.
48. Pal, S., A. Behrendt, V. Wulfmeyer, 2010: Elasticbackscatter lidar based characterization of the convective boundary layer and investigation of related statistics. - Ann. Geophys. 28, 825-847.
49. Piggin, I., P. Schwerdtfeger, 1973. Variations in the albedo of wheat and barley crops. - Arch. Met. Geoph. Biokl., Ser. B 21, 365-391.
50. Porter, J.R., M. Gawith, 1999: Temperatures and the growth and development of wheat: a review. - Europ. J. Agronomy. 10, 23-36.
51. Radlach, M., A. Behrendt, V. Wulfmeyer 2008: Scanning rotational Raman Lidar at 355 nm for the measurement of tropospheric temperature fields. - Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 159-169.
52. Rannik, Ü., T. Vesala, 1999: Autoregressive filtering versus linear detrending in estimation of fluxes by the eddy covariance method. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 91, 259-280.
53. Rannik, Ü., M. Aubinet, O. Kurbanmuradov, K.K. Sabelfeld, T. Markkanen, T. Vesela, 2000: Footprint analysis for measurements over heterogeneous forest. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 97, 137-166.
54. Santanello, J.A., C. Peters-Lidard, S.V. Kumar, 2011: Diagnosing the sensitivity of local land-atmosphere coupling via the soil moisture-boundary layer interaction. - J. Hydrometeorol. 12, 766-786.
55. Santanello, J.A., C. Peters-Lidard, A. Kennedy, S.V. Kumar, 2013: Diagnosing the Nature of Land-Atmosphere Coupling: A Case Study of Dry/Wet Extremes in the U.S. Southern Great Plains. - J. Hydrometeorol. 14, 3-24, DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-12-023.1
56. Schotanus, P., F.T.M. Nieuwstadt, H.A.R. De Bruin, 1983: Temperature measurement with a sonic anemometer and its application to heat and moisture fluxes. - Boundary-Layer Meteor. 26, 81-93.
57. Schmidt, M., T.G. Reichenau, P. Fiener, K. Schneider, 2012: The carbon fluxes over a winter wheat field: an eddy covariance analysis of seasonal and inter-annual variability. - Agric. For. Meteor. 165, 114-126.
58. Song, J., 1999: Phenological influences on the albedo of prairie grassland and crop fields. - Int. J. Biometeorol. 42, 153-157.
59. Steinfeld, G., M.O. Letztel, S. Raasch, M. Kanda, A. Inagaki, 2007: Spatial representativeness of single tower measurements and the imbalance problem with eddy-covariance fluxes: results of a large-eddy simulation study. - Bound.- Layer Meteor. 123, 77-98.
60. Stull, R.B., 1988: An introduction to boundary layer meteorology. - Kluwer, Dordrecht
61. Twine, T.E., W.P. Kustas, J.M. Norman, D.R. Cook, P.R. Houser, T.P. Meyers, J.H. Prueger, P.J. Starks, M.L.Wesely, 2000: Correcting eddy-covariance flux underestimates over a grassland. - Agric. For. Meteor. 103, 279-300.
62. Webb, E.K., G.I. Pearman, R. Leuning, 1980: Correction of the flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer. - Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 106, 85-100.
63. Wilczak, J.M., S.P. Oncley, S.A. Stage, 2001: Sonic anemometer tilt correction algorithms. - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 99, 127-150.
64. Wilson, K.B., A.H. Goldstein, E. Falge, M. Aubinet, D. Baldocchi, P. Berbigier, Ch. Bernhofer, R. Ceulemans, H. Dolman, C. Field, A. Grelle, A. Ibrom, B.E. Law, A. Kowalski, T. Meyers, J. Moncrieff, R. Monson, W. Oechel, J. Tenhunen, R. Valentini, S. Verma, 2002: Energy balance closure at FLUXNET Sites. - Agric. For. Meteor. 113, 223-243.
65. Wöhling, T., S. Gayler, E. Priesack, J. Ingwersen, H.D. Wizemann, P. Högy, S. Attinger, V. Wulfmeyer, T. Streck, 2013: Multiresponse, multiobjective calibration as a diagnostic tool to compare accuracy and structural limitations of five coupled soil-plant models and CLM3.5 - Water Resour. Res. 49, 8200-8221.
66. Wohlfahrt, G., C. Irschick, B. Thalinger, L. Hörtnagel, N. Obojes, A. Hammerle, 2010: Insights from independent evatranspiration estimates for closing the energy balance: a grassland case study. - Vadose Zone J. 9, 1025-1033.
67. WRB, 2006: WRB and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. World reference base for soil resources. - World resources reports 103. Rome, Italy.
68. Wulfmeyer, V., S. Pal, D.D. Turner, E. Wagner, 2010: Can water vapour Raman lidar resolve profiles of turbulent variables in the convective boundary layer? - Bound.-Layer Meteor. 136, 253-284.
69. Wulfmeyer, V., A. Behrendt, C. Kottmeier, U. Corsmeier, C. Barthlott, G.C. Craig, M. Hagen, D. Althausen, F. Aoshima, M. Arpagaus, H.S. Bauer, L. Bennett, A. Blyth, C. Brandau, C. Champollion, S. Crewell, G. Dick, P. di Girolamo, M. Dorninger, Y. Dudournet, R. Eigenmann, R. Engelmann, C. Flamant, T. Foken, T. Gorgas, M. Grzeschik, J. Handwerker, C. Hauck, H. Höller, W. Junkermann, N. Kalthoff, C. Kiemle, S. Klink, M. König, L. Kraus, C.N. Long, F. Madonna, S. Mobbs, B. Neininger, S. Pal, G. Peters, G. Pigeon, E. Richard, M.W. Rotach, H. Russchenberg, T. Schwitalla, V. Smith, R. Steinacker, J. Trentmann, D.D. Turner, J. van Baelen, S. Vogt, H. Volkert, T. Weckwerth, H. Wernli, A. Wieser, M. Wirth, 2011: The Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS): the scientific strategy, the field phase, and research highlights. - Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 137, 3-30.