Beyond BOLD: Optimizing functional imaging in stroke populations

Human Brain Mapping

Volumn 36, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 1620-1636

  Veldsman, Michele ^a   Cumming, Toby ^a   Brodtmann, Amy ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b AUSTIN HEALTH   (Australia)

^c MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Aging; Brain; Cerebrovascular accident; Connectivity; Functional; MRI; Multimodal imaging; Neurovascular coupling; Perfusion; Vascular injury

Indexed keywords

AGING; ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; BLOOD OXYGENATION; BLOOD VESSEL REACTIVITY; BOLD SIGNAL; BRAIN PERFUSION; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CONNECTOME; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING; HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE FUNCTION; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESTING STATE NETWORK; SIGNAL NOISE RATIO; STROKE PATIENT; VASCULAR DISEASE; BLOOD; BRAIN; BRAIN CIRCULATION; NERVE TRACT; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; REST; STROKE; VASCULARIZATION;

OXYGEN;

AGING; BRAIN; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NEURAL PATHWAYS; OXYGEN; REST; STROKE;

EID: 84925271308     PISSN: 10659471     EISSN: 10970193     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22711     Document Type: Article

References (148)

1. Adams HP, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, Marsh EE (1993): Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 24:35-41.
2. Aguirre GK, Zarahn E, D'Esposito M (1998): The variability of human, BOLD hemodynamic responses. Neuroimage 8:360-369.
3. Altamura C, Reinhard M, Vry M-S, Kaller CP, Hamzei F, Vernieri F, Rossini PM, Hetzel A, Weiller C, Saur D (2009): The longitudinal changes of BOLD response and cerebral hemodynamics from acute to subacute stroke. A fMRI and TCD study. BMC Neurosci 10:151.
4. Andersen SM, Rapcsak SZ, Beeson PM (2010): Cost function masking during normalization of brains with focal lesions: Still a necessity? Neuroimage 53:78-84.
5. Ashburner J (2007): A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm. Neuroimage 38:95-113.
6. Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M, Warlow C, Burn J (1991): Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction. Lancet 337:1521-1526.
7. Bangen KJ, Restom K, Liu TT, Jak AJ, Wierenga CE, Salmon DP, Bondi MW (2009): Differential age effects on cerebral blood flow and BOLD response to encoding: Associations with cognition and stroke risk. Neurobiol Aging 30:1276-1287.
8. Biswal BB, Mennes M, Zuo X-N, Gohel S, Kelly C, Smith SM, Beckmann CF, Adelstein JS, Buckner RL, Colcombe S, Dogonowski A-M, Ernst M, Fair D, Hampson M, Hoptman MJ, Hyde JS, Kiviniemi VJ, Kötter R, Li S-J, Lin C-P, Lowe MJ, Mackay C, Madden DJ, Madsen KH, Margulies DS, Mayberg HS, McMahon K, Monk CS, Mostofsky SH, Nagel BJ, Pekar JJ, Peltier SJ, Petersen SE, Riedl V, Rombouts SARB, Rypma B, Schlaggar BL, Schmidt S, Seidler RD, Siegle GJ, Sorg C, Teng G-J, Veijola J, Villringer A, Walter M, Wang L, Weng X-C, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Williamson P, Windischberger C, Zang Y-F, Zhang H-Y, Castellanos FX, Milham MP (2010): Toward discovery science of human brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:4734-4739.
9. Bonakdarpour B, Parrish TB, Thompson CK (2007): Hemodynamic response function in patients with stroke-induced aphasia: Implications for fMRI data analysis. NeuroImage. 36:322-331.
10. Blicher JU, Jakobsen J, Andersen G, Nielsen JF (2009): Cortical excitability in chronic stroke and modulation by training: A TMS study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 23:486-493.
11. Blicher JU, Stagg CJ, O'Shea J, Østergaard L, MacIntosh BJ, Johansen-Berg H, Jezzard P, Donahue MJ (2012): Visualization of altered neurovascular coupling in chronic stroke patients using multimodal functional MRI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 32:2044-2054.
12. Blicher JU, Near J, Næss-Schmidt E, Østergaard L, Johansen-Berg H, Ho Y-CL (2013): Intracortical GABA is decreased after stroke and further suppressed with successful rehabilitation. J Neurol Sci 333:e561-e562.
13. Blicher JU, Near J, Næss-Schmidt E, Stagg CJ, Johansen-Berg H, Nielsen JF, Ostergaard L, Ho Y-CL (2014): GABA levels are decreased after stroke and GABA changes during rehabilitation correlate with motor improvement. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. doi:10.1177/1545968314543652.
14. Brett M, Leff AP, Rorden C, Ashburner J (2001): Spatial normalization of brain images with focal lesions using cost function masking. Neuroimage 14:486-500.
15. Brodtmann A, Puce A, Syngeniotis A, Darby D, Donnan G (2003): The functional magnetic resonance imaging hemodynamic response to faces remains stable until the ninth decade. Neuroimage 20:520-528.
16. Brown WR, Thore CR (2011): Review: Cerebral microvascular pathology in ageing and neurodegeneration. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 37:56-74.
17. Bullmore E, Brammer M, Williams SC, Rabe-Hesketh S, Janot N, David A, Mellers J, Howard R, Sham P (1996): Statistical methods of estimation and inference for functional MR image analysis. Magn Reson Med 35:261-277.
18. Buxton RB, Uludağ K, Dubowitz DJ, Liu TT (2004): Modeling the hemodynamic response to brain activation. Neuroimage 23 Suppl 1:S220-S233.
19. Buzsáki G, Kaila K, Raichle M (2007): Inhibition and brain work. Neuron 56:771-783.
20. Cabeza R (2002): Hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults: The HAROLD model. Psychol Aging 17:85-100.
21. Cabeza R, Anderson ND, Locantore JK, McIntosh AR (2002): Aging gracefully: Compensatory brain activity in high-performing older adults. Neuroimage 17:1394-1402.
22. Cabeza R, Daselaar SM, Dolcos F, Prince SE, Budde M, Nyberg L (2004): Task-independent and Task-specific age effects on brain activity during working memory, visual attention and episodic retrieval. Cereb Cortex 14:364-375.
23. Caplan L, Chung C-S, Wityk R, Glass T, Tapia J, Pazdera L, Chang H-M, Dashe J, Chaves C, Vemmos K, Leary M, Dewitt L, Pessin M (2005): New England medical center posterior circulation stroke registry: I. Methods, data base, distribution of brain lesions, stroke mechanisms, and outcomes. J Clin Neurol 1:14-30.
24. Carter AR, Astafiev SV, Lang CE, Connor LT, Rengachary J, Strube MJ, Pope DLW, Shulman GL, Corbetta M (2010): Resting interhemispheric functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity predicts performance after stroke. Ann Neurol 67:365-375.
25. Carusone LM, Srinivasan J, Gitelman DR, Mesulam MM, Parrish TB (2002): Hemodynamic response changes in cerebrovascular disease: implications for functional MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23:1222-1228.
26. Carvalho SMF, Pontes-Neto OM, Fabio SRC, Leite JP, Santos AC, de Araujo DB (2008): Rapid BOLD fMRI signal loss in the primary motor cortex of a stroke patient. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 66:885-887.
27. Chalela JA, Alsop DC, Gonzalez-Atavales JB, Maldjian JA, Kasner SE, Detre JA (2000): Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging in acute ischemic stroke using continuous arterial spin labeling. Stroke 31:680-687.
28. Chang C, Glover GH (2009): Relationship between respiration, end-tidal CO2, and BOLD signals in resting-state fMRI. Neuroimage 47:1381-1393.
29. Chen JL, Schlaug G (2013): Resting state interhemispheric motor connectivity and white matter integrity correlate with motor impairment in chronic stroke. Front Neurol 4:178.
30. Chen JJ, Rosas HD, Salat DH (2011a): Age-associated reductions in cerebral blood flow are independent from regional atrophy. Neuroimage 55:468-478.
31. Chen Y, Wang DJJ, Detre JA (2011b): Test-retest reliability of arterial spin labeling with common labeling strategies. J Magn Reson Imaging 33:940-949.
32. Christiansen P, Larsson HB, Thomsen C, Wieslander SB, Henriksen O (1994): Age dependent white matter lesions and brain volume changes in healthy volunteers. Acta Radiol 35:117-122.
33. Cohen ER, Ugurbil K, Kim S-G (2002): Effect of basal conditions on the magnitude and dynamics of the blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI response. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 22:1042-1053.
34. Crinion J, Ashburner J, Leff A, Brett M, Price C, Friston K (2007): Spatial normalization of lesioned brains: Performance evaluation and impact on fMRI analyses. Neuroimage 37:866-875.
35. D'Esposito M, Zarahn E, Aguirre GK, Rypma B (1999): The effect of normal aging on the coupling of neural activity to the bold hemodynamic response. Neuroimage 10:6-14.
36. D'Esposito M, Deouell LY, Gazzaley A (2003): Alterations in the BOLD fMRI signal with ageing and disease: A challenge for neuroimaging. Nat Rev Neurosci 4:863-872.
37. Damoiseaux JS, Rombouts SARB, Barkhof F, Scheltens P, Stam CJ, Smith SM, Beckmann CF (2006): Consistent resting-state networks across healthy subjects. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:13848-13853.
38. Debette S, Markus HS (2010): The clinical importance of white matter hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 341:c3666.
39. Donahue MJ, Near J, Blicher JU, Jezzard P (2010): Baseline GABA concentration and fMRI response. Neuroimage 53:392-398.
40. Donahue MJ, Strother MK, Hendrikse J (2012): Novel MRI approaches for assessing cerebral hemodynamics in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 43:903-915.
41. Fazekas F, Kleinert R, Offenbacher H, Schmidt R, Kleinert G, Payer F, Radner H, Lechner H (1993): Pathologic correlates of incidental MRI white matter signal hyperintensities. Neurology 43:1683-1683.
42. Feigin VL, Lawes CM, Bennett DA, Anderson CS (2003): Stroke epidemiology: A review of population-based studies of incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality in the late 20th century. Lancet Neurol 2:43-53.
43. Fukunaga M, Horovitz SG, de Zwart JA, van Gelderen P, Balkin TJ, Braun AR, Duyn JH (2008): Metabolic origin of BOLD signal fluctuations in the absence of stimuli. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 28:1377-1387.
44. Gauthier CJ, Madjar C, Desjardins-Crépeau L, Bellec P, Bherer L, Hoge RD (2013): Age dependence of hemodynamic response characteristics in human functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neurobiol Aging 34:1469-1485.
45. Girouard H, Iadecola C (2006): Neurovascular coupling in the normal brain and in hypertension, stroke, and Alzheimer disease. J Appl Physiol 100:328-335.
46. Glover GH (1999): Deconvolution of impulse response in event-related BOLD fMRI1. NeuroImage 9:416-429. doi:10.1006/nimg.1998.0419.
47. Goldstein LB, Jones MR, Matchar DB, Edwards LJ, Hoff J, Chilukuri V, Armstrong SB, Horner RD (2001): Improving the reliability of stroke subgroup classification using the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. Stroke 32:1091-1098.
48. Gössl C, Fahrmeir L, Auer DP (2001): Bayesian modeling of the hemodynamic response function in BOLD fMRI. Neuroimage 14:140-148.
49. Goutte C, Nielsen FA, Hansen LK (2000): Modeling the haemodynamic response in fMRI using smooth FIR filters. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 19:1188-1201.
50. Grady C (2012): The cognitive neuroscience of ageing. Nat Rev Neurosci 13:491-505.
51. Grady CL, Garrett DD (2013): Understanding variability in the BOLD signal and why it matters for aging. Brain Imaging Behav 8:274-283.
52. Grady CL, Springer M V., Hongwanishkul D, McIntosh AR, Winocur G (2006): Age-related changes in brain activity across the adult lifespan. J Cogn Neurosci 18:227-241.
53. Grefkes C, Fink GR (2011): Reorganization of cerebral networks after stroke: New insights from neuroimaging with connectivity approaches. Brain 134:1264-1276.
54. Grefkes C, Fink GR (2014): Connectivity-based approaches in stroke and recovery of function. Lancet Neurol 13:206-216.
55. Greicius MD, Supekar K, Menon V, Dougherty RF (2009): Resting-state functional connectivity reflects structural connectivity in the default mode network. Cereb Cortex 19:72-78.
56. Greicius M, Seeley W, Carter AR, Shulman GL, Corbetta M (2012): Why use a connectivity-based approach to study stroke and recovery of function? Neuroimage 62:2271-2280.
57. de Haan B, Rorden C, Karnath H-O (2013): Abnormal perilesional BOLD signal is not correlated with stroke patients' behavior. Front Hum Neurosci 7:669.
58. Hamzei F, Knab R, Weiller C, Röther J (2003): The influence of extra- and intracranial artery disease on the BOLD signal in FMRI. Neuroimage 20:1393-1399.
59. Handwerker DA, Ollinger JM, D'Esposito M (2004): Variation of BOLD hemodynamic responses across subjects and brain regions and their effects on statistical analyses. Neuroimage 21:1639-1651.
60. Handwerker DA, Gonzalez-Castillo J, D'Esposito M, Bandettini PA (2012): The continuing challenge of understanding and modeling hemodynamic variation in fMRI. Neuroimage 62:1017-1023.
61. Harms MP, Melcher JR (2003): Detection and quantification of a wide range of fMRI temporal responses using a physiologically-motivated basis set. Hum Brain Mapp 20:168-183.
62. Harrison R V. (2002): Blood capillary distribution correlates with hemodynamic-based functional imaging in cerebral cortex. Cereb Cortex 12:225-233.
63. Hatazawa J, Shimosegawa E, Satoh T, Toyoshima H, Okudera T (1997): Subcortical hypoperfusion associated with asymptomatic white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke 28:1944-1947.
64. He BJ, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL, Epstein A, Shulman GL, Corbetta M (2007): Breakdown of functional connectivity in frontoparietal networks underlies behavioral deficits in spatial neglect. Neuron 53:905-918.
65. Heeger DJ, Ress D (2002): What does fMRI tell us about neuronal activity? Nat Rev Neurosci 3:142-151.
66. Hellman RN (2011): Gadolinium-induced nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Semin Nephrol 31:310-316.
67. Henson R, Rugg MD, Friston KJ (2001): The choice of basis functions in event-related fMRI. Neuroimage 13:149.
68. Heuninckx S, Wenderoth N, Swinnen SP (2008): Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain: Recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons. J Neurosci 28:91-99.
69. Huettel SA, McCarthy G (2000): Evidence for a refractory period in the hemodynamic response to visual stimuli as measured by MRI. Neuroimage 11:547-553.
70. Huettel SA, Singerman JD, McCarthy G (2001): The effects of aging upon the hemodynamic response measured by functional MRI. Neuroimage 13:161-175.
71. Iannetti GD, Wise RG (2007): BOLD functional MRI in disease and pharmacological studies: Room for improvement? Magn Reson Imaging 25:978-988.
72. Jackman K, Iadecola C (2014): Neurovascular regulation in the ischemic brain. Antioxid Redox Signal (in press). doi:10.1089/ars.2013.5669
73. Kannurpatti SS, Motes MA, Rypma B, Biswal BB (2010): Neural and vascular variability and the fMRI-BOLD response in normal aging. Magn Reson Imaging 28:466-476.
74. Kannurpatti SS, Motes MA, Rypma B, Biswal BB (2011): Increasing measurement accuracy of age-related BOLD signal change: Minimizing vascular contributions by resting-state-fluctuation-of-amplitude scaling. Hum Brain Mapp 32:1125-1140.
75. Kawamura J, Terayama Y, Takashima S, Obara K, Pavol MA, Meyer JS, Mortel KF, Weathers S (1993): Leuko-araiosis and cerebral perfusion in normal aging. Exp Aging Res 19:225-240.
76. Kim SH, Kim EH, Lee BI, Heo JH (2008): Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion protects against acute focal ischemia, improves motor function, and results in vascular remodeling. Curr Neurovasc Res 5:28-36.
77. Kobari M, Meyer JS, Ichijo M (1990): Leuko-araiosis, cerebral atrophy, and cerebral perfusion in normal aging. Arch Neurol 47:161-165.
78. Kolominsky-Rabas PL, Weber M, Gefeller O, Neundoerfer B, Heuschmann PU (2001): Epidemiology of ischemic stroke subtypes according to TOAST criteria: Incidence, recurrence, and long-term survival in ischemic stroke subtypes: A population-based study. Stroke 32:2735-2740.
79. Krainik A, Hund-Georgiadis M, Zysset S, von Cramon DY (2005): Regional impairment of cerebrovascular reactivity and BOLD signal in adults after stroke. Stroke 36:1146-1152.
80. Krejza J, Mariak Z, Walecki J, Szydlik P, Lewko J, Ustymowicz A (1999): Transcranial color Doppler sonography of basal cerebral arteries in 182 healthy subjects: Age and sex variability and normal reference values for blood flow parameters. AJR Am J Roentgenol 172:213-218.
81. Kriegeskorte N, Goebel R, Bandettini P (2006): Information-based functional brain mapping. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:3863-3868.
82. de la Torre JC (2012): Cerebral hemodynamics and vascular risk factors: Setting the stage for Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 32:553-567.
83. Li S-J, Li Z, Wu G, Zhang M-J, Franczak M, Antuono PG (2002): Alzheimer disease: Evaluation of a functional MR imaging index as a marker. Radiology 225:253-259.
84. Liepert J (2006): Motor cortex excitability in stroke before and after constraint-induced movement therapy. Cogn Behav Neurol 19:41-47.
85. Lin WH, Hao Q, Rosengarten B, Leung WH, Wong KS (2011): Impaired neurovascular coupling in ischaemic stroke patients with large or small vessel disease. Eur J Neurol 18:731-736.
86. Lindquist MA, Meng Loh J, Atlas LY, Wager TD (2009): Modeling the hemodynamic response function in fMRI: Efficiency, bias and mis-modeling. Neuroimage 45:S187-S198.
87. Liu TT (2013): Neurovascular factors in resting-state functional MRI. Neuroimage 80:339-348.
88. Logothetis NK (2008): What we can do and what we cannot do with fMRI. Nature 453:869-878.
89. Logothetis NK, Wandell BA (2004): Interpreting the BOLD signal. Annu Rev Physiol 66:735-769.
90. Logothetis NK, Pauls J, Augath M, Trinath T, Oeltermann A (2001): Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal. Nature 412:150-157.
91. Lu H, Xu F, Rodrigue KM, Kennedy KM, Cheng Y, Flicker B, Hebrank AC, Uh J, Park DC (2011): Alterations in cerebral metabolic rate and blood supply across the adult lifespan. Cereb Cortex 21:1426-434.
92. Lynall M-E, Bassett DS, Kerwin R, McKenna PJ, Kitzbichler M, Muller U, Bullmore E (2010): Functional connectivity and brain networks in schizophrenia. J Neurosci 30:9477-9487.
93. Makedonov I, Black SE, Macintosh BJ (2013): BOLD fMRI in the white matter as a marker of aging and small vessel disease. PloS One 8:e67652. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067652.
94. Marrelec G, Benali H, Ciuciu P, Pélégrini-Issac M, Poline J-B (2003): Robust Bayesian estimation of the hemodynamic response function in event-related BOLD fMRI using basic physiological information. Hum Brain Mapp 19:1-17.
95. Marstrand JR, Garde E, Rostrup E, Ring P, Rosenbaum S, Mortensen EL, Larsson HBW (2002): Cerebral perfusion and cerebrovascular reactivity are reduced in white matter hyperintensities. Stroke 33:972-976.
96. Mazzetto-Betti KC, Leoni RF, Pontes-Neto OM, Santos AC, Leite JP, Silva AC, de Araujo DB (2010): The stability of the blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI response to motor tasks is altered in patients with chronic ischemic stroke. Stroke 41:1921-1926.
97. McIntosh AR, Lobaugh NJ (2004): Partial least squares analysis of neuroimaging data: Applications and advances. Neuroimage 23 Suppl 1:S250-S263.
98. Miezin FM, Maccotta L, Ollinger JM, Petersen SE, Buckner RL (2000): Characterizing the hemodynamic response: Effects of presentation rate, sampling procedure, and the possibility of ordering brain activity based on relative timing. Neuroimage 11:735-759.
99. Mourão-Miranda J, Reynaud E, McGlone F, Calvert G, Brammer M (2006): The impact of temporal compression and space selection on SVM analysis of single-subject and multi-subject fMRI data. Neuroimage 33:1055-1065.
100. Muller M, van der Graaf Y, Visseren FL, Mali WPTM, Geerlings MI (2012): Hypertension and longitudinal changes in cerebral blood flow: The SMART-MR study. Ann Neurol 71:825-833.
101. Mur M, Bandettini P a, Kriegeskorte N (2009): Revealing representational content with pattern-information fMRI-an introductory guide. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 4:101-109.
102. Murata Y, Sakatani K, Hoshino T, Fujiwara N, Kano T, Nakamura S, Katayama Y (2006): Effects of cerebral ischemia on evoked cerebral blood oxygenation responses and BOLD contrast functional MRI in stroke patients. Stroke 37:2514-2520.
103. Muthukumaraswamy SD, Edden RAE, Jones DK, Swettenham JB, Singh KD (2009): Resting GABA concentration predicts peak gamma frequency and fMRI amplitude in response to visual stimulation in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:8356-8361.
104. Nair DG (2005): About being BOLD. Brain Res Rev 50:229-243.
105. Newton J, Sunderland A, Butterworth SE, Peters AM, Peck KK, Gowland PA (2002): A pilot study of event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging of monitored wrist movements in patients with partial recovery. Stroke 33:2881-2887.
106. Ogawa S, Lee TM, Kay AR, Tank DW (1990): Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:9868-9872.
107. Østergaard L, Jespersen SN, Mouridsen K, Mikkelsen IK, Jonsdottír KÝ, Tietze A, Blicher JU, Aamand R, Hjort N, Iversen NK, Cai C, Hougaard KD, Simonsen CZ, Von Weitzel-Mudersbach P, Modrau B, Nagenthiraja K, Riisgaard Ribe L, Hansen MB, Bekke SL, Dahlman MG, Puig J, Pedraza S, Serena J, Cho T-H, Siemonsen S, Thomalla G, Fiehler J, Nighoghossian N, Andersen G (2013): The role of the cerebral capillaries in acute ischemic stroke: The extended penumbra model. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 33:635-648.
108. Park DC, Reuter-Lorenz P (2009): The adaptive brain: Aging and neurocognitive scaffolding. Annu Rev Psychol 60:173-196.
109. Park C, Chang WH, Ohn SH, Kim ST, Bang OY, Pascual-Leone A, Kim Y-H (2011): Longitudinal changes of resting-state functional connectivity during motor recovery after stroke. Stroke 42:1357-1362.
110. Pineiro R, Pendlebury S, Johansen-Berg H, Matthews PM (2002): Altered hemodynamic responses in patients after subcortical stroke measured by functional MRI. Stroke 33:103-109.
111. Power JD, Barnes KA, Snyder AZ, Schlaggar BL, Petersen SE (2012): Spurious but systematic correlations in functional connectivity MRI networks arise from subject motion. Neuroimage 59:2142-2154.
112. Price CJ, Friston KJ (2002): Functional imaging studies of neuropsychological patients: Applications and limitations. Neurocase 8:345-354.
113. Price CJ, Crinion J, Friston KJ (2006): Design and analysis of fMRI studies with neurologically impaired patients. J Magn Reson Imaging 23:816-826.
114. Promjunyakul N, Schmit BD, Schindler-Ivens S (2013): Changes in hemodynamic responses in chronic stroke survivors do not affect fMRI signal detection in a block experimental design. Magn Reson Imaging 31:1119-1128.
115. Raz N, Lindenberger U, Rodrigue KM, Kennedy KM, Head D, Williamson A, Dahle C, Gerstorf D, Acker JD (2005): Regional brain changes in aging healthy adults: General trends, individual differences and modifiers. Cereb Cortex 15:1676-1689.
116. Rees G, Friston K, Koch C (2000): A direct quantitative relationship between the functional properties of human and macaque V5. Nat Neurosci 3:716-723.
117. Rehme AK, Grefkes C (2013): Cerebral network disorders after stroke: Evidence from imaging-based connectivity analyses of active and resting brain states in humans. J Physiol 591:17-31.
118. Reinhard M, Roth M, Guschlbauer B, Harloff A, Timmer J, Czosnyka M, Hetzel A (2005): Dynamic cerebral autoregulation in acute ischemic stroke assessed from spontaneous blood pressure fluctuations. Stroke 36:1684-1689.
119. Richardson JD, Baker JM, Morgan PS, Rorden C, Bonilha L, Fridriksson J (2011): Cerebral perfusion in chronic stroke: Implications for lesion-symptom mapping and functional MRI. Behav Neurol 24:117-122.
120. Ripollés P, Marco-Pallarés J, de Diego-Balaguer R, Miró J, Falip M, Juncadella M, Rubio F, Rodriguez-Fornells A (2012): Analysis of automated methods for spatial normalization of lesioned brains. Neuroimage 60:1296-1306.
121. Roc AC, Wang J, Ances BM, Liebeskind DS, Kasner SE, Detre JA (2006): Altered hemodynamics and regional cerebral blood flow in patients with hemodynamically significant stenoses. Stroke 37:382-387.
122. Rorden C, Bonilha L, Fridriksson J, Bender B, Karnath H-O (2012): Age-specific CT and MRI templates for spatial normalization. Neuroimage 61:957-965.
123. Rossini PM, Altamura C, Ferretti A, Vernieri F, Zappasodi F, Caulo M, Pizzella V, Del Gratta C, Romani G-L, Tecchio F (2004): Does cerebrovascular disease affect the coupling between neuronal activity and local haemodynamics? Brain 127:99-110.
124. Salat DH, Buckner RL, Snyder AZ, Greve DN, Desikan RSR, Busa E, Morris JC, Dale AM, Fischl B (2004): Thinning of the cerebral cortex in aging. Cereb Cortex 14:721-730.
125. Samanez-Larkin GR, D'Esposito M (2008): Group comparisons: Imaging the aging brain. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 3:290-297.
126. Schultz SK, O'Leary DS, Boles Ponto LL, Watkins GL, Hichwa RD, Andreasen NC (1999): Age-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow among young to mid-life adults. Neuroreport 10:2493-2496.
127. Seghier ML, Ramlackhansingh A, Crinion J, Leff AP, Price CJ (2008): Lesion identification using unified segmentation-normalisation models and fuzzy clustering. Neuroimage 41:1253-1266.
128. Seminowicz D., Mayberg H., McIntosh A., Goldapple K, Kennedy S, Segal Z, Rafi-Tari S (2004): Limbic-frontal circuitry in major depression: A path modeling metanalysis. Neuroimage 22:409-418.
129. Shehzad Z, Kelly AMC, Reiss PT, Gee DG, Gotimer K, Uddin LQ, Lee SH, Margulies DS, Roy AK, Biswal BB, Petkova E, Castellanos FX, Milham MP (2009): The resting brain: Unconstrained yet reliable. Cereb Cortex 19:2209-2229.
130. Smith SM, Fox PT, Miller KL, Glahn DC, Fox PM, Mackay CE, Filippini N, Watkins KE, Toro R, Laird AR, Beckmann CF (2009): Correspondence of the brain's functional architecture during activation and rest. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:13040-13045.
131. Söderlund H, Nyberg L, Adolfsson R, Nilsson L-G, Launer LJ (2003): High prevalence of white matter hyperintensities in normal aging: Relation to blood pressure and cognition. Cortex 39:1093-1105.
132. Swayne OBC, Rothwell JC, Ward NS, Greenwood RJ (2008): Stages of motor output reorganization after hemispheric stroke suggested by longitudinal studies of cortical physiology. Cereb Cortex 18:1909-1922.
133. Tak S, Polimeni JR, Wang DJJ, Yan L, Chen J (2014): Associations of resting-state fMRI functional connectivity with flow-BOLD coupling and regional vasculature. Brain Connect. doi:10.1089/brain.2014.0299.
134. Thomason ME, Foland LC, Glover GH (2007): Calibration of BOLD fMRI using breath holding reduces group variance during a cognitive task. Hum Brain Mapp 28:59-68.
135. Toda N (2012): Age-related changes in endothelial function and blood flow regulation. Pharmacol Ther 133:159-176.
136. Viviani R, Messina I, Walter M (2011): Resting state functional connectivity in perfusion imaging: Correlation maps with BOLD connectivity and resting state perfusion. PLoS One 6:e27050.
137. Wang K, Liang M, Wang L, Tian L, Zhang X, Li K, Jiang T (2007): Altered functional connectivity in early Alzheimer's disease: A resting-state fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 28:967-978.
138. Wardlaw JM, Smith EE, Biessels GJ, Cordonnier C, Fazekas F, Frayne R, Lindley RI, O'Brien JT, Barkhof F, Benavente OR, Black SE, Brayne C, Breteler M, Chabriat H, Decarli C, de Leeuw F-E, Doubal F, Duering M, Fox NC, Greenberg S, Hachinski V, Kilimann I, Mok V, Oostenbrugge R van, Pantoni L, Speck O, Stephan BCM, Teipel S, Viswanathan A, Werring D, Chen C, Smith C, van Buchem M, Norrving B, Gorelick PB, Dichgans M (2013): Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration. Lancet Neurol 12:822-838.
139. Wen W, Sachdev P (2004): The topography of white matter hyperintensities on brain MRI in healthy 60- to 64-year-old individuals. Neuroimage 22:144-154.
140. Woolrich MW (2012): Bayesian inference in FMRI. Neuroimage 62:801-810.
141. Wu W-C, Fernández-Seara M, Detre JA, Wehrli FW, Wang J (2007): A theoretical and experimental investigation of the tagging efficiency of pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med 58:1020-1027.
142. 2 fluctuations during the resting state. Neuroimage 45:694-701.
143. Xiong L, Leung HW, Chen XY, Leung WH, Soo OY, Wong KS (2014): Autonomic dysfunction in different subtypes of post-acute ischemic stroke. J Neurol Sci 337:141-146.
144. Yamauchi H, Fukuyama H, Nagahama Y, Nabatame H, Ueno M, Nishizawa S, Konishi J, Shio H (1999): Significance of increased oxygen extraction fraction in five-year prognosis of major cerebral arterial occlusive diseases. J Nucl Med 40:1992-1998.
145. Yamauchi H, Higashi T, Kagawa S, Nishii R, Kudo T, Sugimoto K, Okazawa H, Fukuyama H (2012): Is misery perfusion still a predictor of stroke in symptomatic major cerebral artery disease? Brain 135:2515-2526.
146. Zhang D, Raichle ME (2010): Disease and the brain's dark energy. Nat Rev Neurol 6:15-28.
147. Zhao H (2013): Hurdles to clear before clinical translation of ischemic postconditioning against stroke. Transl Stroke Res 4:63-70.
148. Zuo X-N, Di Martino A, Kelly C, Shehzad ZE, Gee DG, Klein DF, Castellanos FX, Biswal BB, Milham MP (2010): The oscillating brain: complex and reliable. Neuroimage 49:1432-1445.M.