메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 1318-1326

A temperature shock can lead to trans-generational immune priming in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Author keywords

Tribolium castaneum; Bacillus thuringiensis; Heat shock; Insect immunity; Stress; Trans generational effects

Indexed keywords

BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); HEXAPODA; TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM;

EID: 84924989483     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20457758     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1443     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (44)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0032793477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis on feeding and energy use by Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
    • Abdel-Razek, A. S., H. S. Salama, N. D. G. White, and O. N. Morris . 1999. Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis on feeding and energy use by Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Can. Entomol. 131:433-440.
    • (1999) Can. Entomol. , vol.131 , pp. 433-440
    • Abdel-Razek, A.S.1    Salama, H.S.2    White, N.D.G.3    Morris, O.N.4
  • 2
    • 72649103158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine and octopamine: linking stress and immune function across phyla
    • Adamo, S. 2008. Norepinephrine and octopamine: linking stress and immune function across phyla. Invertebrate Surviv. J. 5:12-19.
    • (2008) Invertebrate Surviv. J. , vol.5 , pp. 12-19
    • Adamo, S.1
  • 3
    • 72649098099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why should an immune response activate the stress response? insights from the insects (the cricket Gryllus texensis)
    • Adamo, S. A. 2010. Why should an immune response activate the stress response? insights from the insects (the cricket Gryllus texensis). Brain Behav. Immun. 24:194-200.
    • (2010) Brain Behav. Immun. , vol.24 , pp. 194-200
    • Adamo, S.A.1
  • 4
    • 79957667813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some like it hot: the effects of climate change on reproduction, immune function and disease resistance in the cricket Gryllus texensis
    • Adamo, S. A., and M. M. Lovett . 2011. Some like it hot: the effects of climate change on reproduction, immune function and disease resistance in the cricket Gryllus texensis. J. Exp. Biol. 214:1997-2004.
    • (2011) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.214 , pp. 1997-2004
    • Adamo, S.A.1    Lovett, M.M.2
  • 5
    • 0033517287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenerational induction of defences in animals and plants
    • Agrawal, A. A., C. Laforsch, and R. Tollrian . 1999. Transgenerational induction of defences in animals and plants. Nature 401:60-63.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 60-63
    • Agrawal, A.A.1    Laforsch, C.2    Tollrian, R.3
  • 6
    • 38649126234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beetle immunity: identification of immune-inducible genes from the model insect Tribolium castaneum
    • Altincicek, B., E. Knorr, and A. Vilcinskas . 2008. Beetle immunity: identification of immune-inducible genes from the model insect Tribolium castaneum. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 32:585-595.
    • (2008) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.32 , pp. 585-595
    • Altincicek, B.1    Knorr, E.2    Vilcinskas, A.3
  • 8
    • 24044467136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of virulence for the parasite nosema whitei in its host Tribolium castaneum
    • Blaser, M., and P. Schmid-Hempel . 2005. Determinants of virulence for the parasite nosema whitei in its host Tribolium castaneum. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 89:251-257.
    • (2005) J. Invertebr. Pathol. , vol.89 , pp. 251-257
    • Blaser, M.1    Schmid-Hempel, P.2
  • 9
    • 84895770681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal and physical stresses induce a short-term immune priming effect in Galleria mellonella larvae
    • Browne, N., C. Surlis, and K. Kavanagh . 2014. Thermal and physical stresses induce a short-term immune priming effect in Galleria mellonella larvae. J. Insect Physiol. 63:21-26.
    • (2014) J. Insect Physiol. , vol.63 , pp. 21-26
    • Browne, N.1    Surlis, C.2    Kavanagh, K.3
  • 10
    • 1642463826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prophenoloxidase-activating system in invertebrates
    • Cerenius, L., and K. Söderhäll . 2004. The prophenoloxidase-activating system in invertebrates. Immunol. Rev. 198:116-126.
    • (2004) Immunol. Rev. , vol.198 , pp. 116-126
    • Cerenius, L.1    Söderhäll, K.2
  • 12
    • 0034114528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehydration in dormant insects
    • Danks, H. 2000. Dehydration in dormant insects. J. Insect Physiol. 46:837-852.
    • (2000) J. Insect Physiol. , vol.46 , pp. 837-852
    • Danks, H.1
  • 14
    • 84908374130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different effects of paternal trans-generational immune priming on survival and immunity in step and genetic offspring
    • Eggert, H., J. Kurtz, and M. F. Diddens-de Buhr . 2014. Different effects of paternal trans-generational immune priming on survival and immunity in step and genetic offspring. Proc. Biol. Sci. 281:1797: 20142089.
    • (2014) Proc. Biol. Sci. , vol.281 , pp. 1797-20142089
    • Eggert, H.1    Kurtz, J.2    Diddens-de Buhr, M.F.3
  • 15
    • 42449102558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrative view of sexual selection in tribolium flour beetles
    • Fedina, T. Y., and S. M. Lewis . 2008. An integrative view of sexual selection in tribolium flour beetles. Biol. Rev. 83:151-171.
    • (2008) Biol. Rev. , vol.83 , pp. 151-171
    • Fedina, T.Y.1    Lewis, S.M.2
  • 16
    • 84886504888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonality influences cuticle melanization and immune defense in a cricket: Support for a temperature-dependent immune investment hypothesis in insects
    • Fedorka, K. M., E. K. Copeland, and W. E. Winterhalter . 2013. Seasonality influences cuticle melanization and immune defense in a cricket: Support for a temperature-dependent immune investment hypothesis in insects. J. Exp. Biol. 216:4005-4010.
    • (2013) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.216 , pp. 4005-4010
    • Fedorka, K.M.1    Copeland, E.K.2    Winterhalter, W.E.3
  • 17
    • 25444438770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection by parasites may increase host recombination frequency
    • Fischer, O., and P. Schmid-Hempel . 2005. Selection by parasites may increase host recombination frequency. Biol. Lett. 1:193-195.
    • (2005) Biol. Lett. , vol.1 , pp. 193-195
    • Fischer, O.1    Schmid-Hempel, P.2
  • 18
    • 84866651176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender- and stressor-specific microRNA expression in Tribolium castaneum
    • Freitak, D., E. Knorr, H. Vogel, and A. Vilcinskas . 2012. Gender- and stressor-specific microRNA expression in Tribolium castaneum. Biol. Lett. 8:860-863.
    • (2012) Biol. Lett. , vol.8 , pp. 860-863
    • Freitak, D.1    Knorr, E.2    Vogel, H.3    Vilcinskas, A.4
  • 19
    • 84900533744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The maternal transfer of bacteria can mediate trans-generational immune priming in insects
    • Freitak, D., H. Schmidtberg, F. Dickel, G. Lochnit, H. Vogel, and A. Vilcinskas . 2014. The maternal transfer of bacteria can mediate trans-generational immune priming in insects. Virulence 5.4:547-554.
    • (2014) Virulence , Issue.4-5 , pp. 547-554
    • Freitak, D.1    Schmidtberg, H.2    Dickel, F.3    Lochnit, G.4    Vogel, H.5    Vilcinskas, A.6
  • 21
    • 0344441397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune function across generations: integrating mechanism and evolutionary process in maternal antibody transmission
    • Grindstaff, J. L., E. D. III Brodie, and E. D. Ketterson . 2003. Immune function across generations: integrating mechanism and evolutionary process in maternal antibody transmission. Proc. Biol. Sci. 270:2309-2319.
    • (2003) Proc. Biol. Sci. , vol.270 , pp. 2309-2319
    • Grindstaff, J.L.1    Brodie, E.D.2    Ketterson, E.D.3
  • 23
    • 0025571789 scopus 로고
    • The ecology and evolution of inducible defenses
    • Harvell, C. D. 1990. The ecology and evolution of inducible defenses. Q. Rev. Biol. 65:323-340.
    • (1990) Q. Rev. Biol. , vol.65 , pp. 323-340
    • Harvell, C.D.1
  • 24
    • 0242581687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immune response of drosophila
    • Hoffmann, J. A. 2003. The immune response of drosophila. Nature 426:33-38.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.426 , pp. 33-38
    • Hoffmann, J.A.1
  • 26
    • 69249212437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cold stress increases resistance to fungal infection throughout life in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Le Bourg, É., I. Massou, and V. Gobert . 2009. Cold stress increases resistance to fungal infection throughout life in Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology 10:613-625.
    • (2009) Biogerontology , vol.10 , pp. 613-625
    • Le Bourg, E.1    Massou, I.2    Gobert, V.3
  • 28
    • 68949184672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-generational fitness effects of infection in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Linder, J. E., and D. E. L. Promislow . 2009. Cross-generational fitness effects of infection in Drosophila melanogaster. Fly 3:143-150.
    • (2009) Fly , vol.3 , pp. 143-150
    • Linder, J.E.1    Promislow, D.E.L.2
  • 29
    • 38149125457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of temperature on host-pathogen interactions in D. melanogaster: who benefits?
    • Linder, J. E., K. A. Owers, and D. E. Promislow . 2008. The effects of temperature on host-pathogen interactions in D. melanogaster: who benefits? J. Insect Physiol. 54:297-308.
    • (2008) J. Insect Physiol. , vol.54 , pp. 297-308
    • Linder, J.E.1    Owers, K.A.2    Promislow, D.E.3
  • 30
    • 1642488340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological and evolutionary implications of immunological priming in invertebrates
    • Little, T. J., and A. R. Kraaijeveld . 2004. Ecological and evolutionary implications of immunological priming in invertebrates. Trends Ecol. Evol. 19:58-60.
    • (2004) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.19 , pp. 58-60
    • Little, T.J.1    Kraaijeveld, A.R.2
  • 31
    • 84861177212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impacts of repeated cold exposure on insects
    • Marshall, K. E., and B. J. Sinclair . 2012. The impacts of repeated cold exposure on insects. J. Exp. Biol. 215:1607-1613.
    • (2012) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.215 , pp. 1607-1613
    • Marshall, K.E.1    Sinclair, B.J.2
  • 32
    • 84878512163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The red flour beetle as a model for bacterial oral infections
    • Milutinovic, B., C. Stolpe, R. Peuß, S. A. O. Armitage, and J. Kurtz . 2013. The red flour beetle as a model for bacterial oral infections. PLoS ONE 8.5:e64638.
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. e64638
    • Milutinovic, B.1    Stolpe, C.2    Peuß, R.3    Armitage, S.A.O.4    Kurtz, J.5
  • 33
    • 84867745251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trans-generational immune priming is constrained by the maternal immune response in an insect
    • Moreau, J., G. Martinaud, J.-P. Troussard, C. Zanchi, and Y. Moret . 2012. Trans-generational immune priming is constrained by the maternal immune response in an insect. Oikos 121:1828-1832.
    • (2012) Oikos , vol.121 , pp. 1828-1832
    • Moreau, J.1    Martinaud, G.2    Troussard, J.-P.3    Zanchi, C.4    Moret, Y.5
  • 34
    • 33746192326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Trans-generational immune priming': specific enhancement of the antimicrobial immune response in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor
    • Moret, Y. 2006. 'Trans-generational immune priming': specific enhancement of the antimicrobial immune response in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor. Proc. Biol. Sci. 273:1399-1405.
    • (2006) Proc. Biol. Sci. , vol.273 , pp. 1399-1405
    • Moret, Y.1
  • 35
    • 0031680550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adaptive significance of maternal effects
    • Mousseau, T. A., and C. W. Fox . 1998. The adaptive significance of maternal effects. Trends Ecol. Evol. 13:403-407.
    • (1998) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.13 , pp. 403-407
    • Mousseau, T.A.1    Fox, C.W.2
  • 36
    • 80054035322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of food limitation on immunity factors and disease resistance in the western tent caterpillar
    • Myers, J. H., J. S. Cory, J. D. Ericsson, and M. L. Tseng . 2011. The effect of food limitation on immunity factors and disease resistance in the western tent caterpillar. Oecologia 167:647-655.
    • (2011) Oecologia , vol.167 , pp. 647-655
    • Myers, J.H.1    Cory, J.S.2    Ericsson, J.D.3    Tseng, M.L.4
  • 37
    • 0037312308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of fungal growth in thermoregulating locusts, Locusta migratoria, infected by the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var acridum
    • Ouedraogo, R. M., M. Cusson, M. S. Goettel, and J. Brodeur . 2003. Inhibition of fungal growth in thermoregulating locusts, Locusta migratoria, infected by the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var acridum. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 82:103-109.
    • (2003) J. Invertebr. Pathol. , vol.82 , pp. 103-109
    • Ouedraogo, R.M.1    Cusson, M.2    Goettel, M.S.3    Brodeur, J.4
  • 38
    • 33845586497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term maternal effect on offspring immune response in song sparrows Melospiza melodia
    • Reid, J. M., P. Arcese, L. F. Keller, and D. Hasselquist . 2006. Long-term maternal effect on offspring immune response in song sparrows Melospiza melodia. Biol. Lett. 2:573-576.
    • (2006) Biol. Lett. , vol.2 , pp. 573-576
    • Reid, J.M.1    Arcese, P.2    Keller, L.F.3    Hasselquist, D.4
  • 39
    • 33846239465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why did the acquired immune system of vertebrates evolve?
    • Rolff, J. 2007. Why did the acquired immune system of vertebrates evolve? Dev. Comp. Immunol. 31:476-482.
    • (2007) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.31 , pp. 476-482
    • Rolff, J.1
  • 41
    • 58149216508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strain-specific priming of resistance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum
    • Roth, O., B. M. Sadd, P. Schmid-Hempel, and J. Kurtz . 2009. Strain-specific priming of resistance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Proc. Biol. Sci. 276:145-151.
    • (2009) Proc. Biol. Sci. , vol.276 , pp. 145-151
    • Roth, O.1    Sadd, B.M.2    Schmid-Hempel, P.3    Kurtz, J.4
  • 42
    • 77954009315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paternally derived immune priming for offspring in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum
    • Roth, O., G. Joop, H. Eggert, J. Hilbert, J. Daniel, P. Schmid-Hempel, et al. 2010. Paternally derived immune priming for offspring in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. J. Anim. Ecol. 79:403-413.
    • (2010) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.79 , pp. 403-413
    • Roth, O.1    Joop, G.2    Eggert, H.3    Hilbert, J.4    Daniel, J.5    Schmid-Hempel, P.6
  • 43
    • 36849088229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facultative but persistent trans-generational immunity via the mother's eggs in bumblebees
    • Sadd, B. M., and P. Schmid-Hempel . 2007. Facultative but persistent trans-generational immunity via the mother's eggs in bumblebees. Curr. Biol. 17:R1046-R1047.
    • (2007) Curr. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. R1046-R1047
    • Sadd, B.M.1    Schmid-Hempel, P.2
  • 44
    • 74549152675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A distinct infection cost associated with trans-generational priming of antibacterial immunity in bumble-bees
    • Sadd, B. M., and P. Schmid-Hempel . 2009. A distinct infection cost associated with trans-generational priming of antibacterial immunity in bumble-bees. Biol. Lett. 5:798-801.
    • (2009) Biol. Lett. , vol.5 , pp. 798-801
    • Sadd, B.M.1    Schmid-Hempel, P.2
  • 46
    • 27744553332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural insect host-parasite systems show immune priming and specificity: puzzles to be solved
    • Schmid-Hempel, P. 2005. Natural insect host-parasite systems show immune priming and specificity: puzzles to be solved. BioEssays 27:1026-1034.
    • (2005) BioEssays , vol.27 , pp. 1026-1034
    • Schmid-Hempel, P.1
  • 48
    • 0036741060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term nutrient deprivation affects immune function
    • Siva-Jothy, M. T., and J. J. W. Thompson . 2002. Short-term nutrient deprivation affects immune function. Physiol. Entomol. 27:206-212.
    • (2002) Physiol. Entomol. , vol.27 , pp. 206-212
    • Siva-Jothy, M.T.1    Thompson, J.J.W.2
  • 49
    • 33645562222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insect immunity: an evolutionary ecology perspective
    • Siva-Jothy, M. T., Y. Moret, and J. Rolff . 2005. Insect immunity: an evolutionary ecology perspective. Adv. Insect Phys. 32:1-48.
    • (2005) Adv. Insect Phys. , vol.32 , pp. 1-48
    • Siva-Jothy, M.T.1    Moret, Y.2    Rolff, J.3
  • 51
    • 70349122469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immediate protein dietary effects on movement and the generalised immunocompetence of migrating mormon crickets Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
    • Srygley, R. B., P. D. Lorch, S. J. Simpson, and G. A. Sword . 2009. Immediate protein dietary effects on movement and the generalised immunocompetence of migrating mormon crickets Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Ecol. Entomol. 34:663-668.
    • (2009) Ecol. Entomol. , vol.34 , pp. 663-668
    • Srygley, R.B.1    Lorch, P.D.2    Simpson, S.J.3    Sword, G.A.4
  • 52
    • 84867364007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prostaglandins and their receptors in insect biology
    • Stanley, D., and Y. Kim . 2011. Prostaglandins and their receptors in insect biology. Front. Endocrinol. 2:105.
    • (2011) Front. Endocrinol. , vol.2 , pp. 105
    • Stanley, D.1    Kim, Y.2
  • 53
    • 0033229835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress signaling in drosophila
    • Stronach, B. E., and N. Perrimon . 1999. Stress signaling in drosophila. Oncogene 18:6172-6182.
    • (1999) Oncogene , vol.18 , pp. 6172-6182
    • Stronach, B.E.1    Perrimon, N.2
  • 55
    • 0033567291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stress-activated protein kinase pathways
    • Tibbles, L. A., and J. R. Woodgett . 1999. The stress-activated protein kinase pathways. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 55:1230-1254.
    • (1999) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 1230-1254
    • Tibbles, L.A.1    Woodgett, J.R.2
  • 56
    • 79952330064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Within and transgenerational immune priming in an insect to a DNA virus
    • Tidbury, H. J., A. B. Pedersen, and M. Boots . 2011. Within and transgenerational immune priming in an insect to a DNA virus. Proc. Biol. Sci. 278:871-876.
    • (2011) Proc. Biol. Sci. , vol.278 , pp. 871-876
    • Tidbury, H.J.1    Pedersen, A.B.2    Boots, M.3
  • 57
    • 84869888963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental diet has strong transgenerational effects on offspring immunity
    • Triggs, A. M., and R. J. Knell . 2012. Parental diet has strong transgenerational effects on offspring immunity. Funct. Ecol. 26:1409-1417.
    • (2012) Funct. Ecol. , vol.26 , pp. 1409-1417
    • Triggs, A.M.1    Knell, R.J.2
  • 58
    • 49249130795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No maternal effects after stimulation of the melanization response in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti
    • Voordouw, M. J., L. Lambrechts, and J. Koella . 2008. No maternal effects after stimulation of the melanization response in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. Oikos 117:1269-1279.
    • (2008) Oikos , vol.117 , pp. 1269-1279
    • Voordouw, M.J.1    Lambrechts, L.2    Koella, J.3
  • 59
    • 0242362732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JNK signaling confers tolerance to oxidative stress and extends lifespan in drosophila
    • Wang, M. C., D. Bohmann, and H. Jasper . 2003. JNK signaling confers tolerance to oxidative stress and extends lifespan in drosophila. Dev. Cell 5:811-816.
    • (2003) Dev. Cell , vol.5 , pp. 811-816
    • Wang, M.C.1    Bohmann, D.2    Jasper, H.3
  • 60
    • 2642666090 scopus 로고
    • The biology of a species of nosema (Sporozoa: Microsporidia) parasitic in the flour beetle Tribolium confusum
    • West Jr, A. F.. 1960. The biology of a species of nosema (Sporozoa: Microsporidia) parasitic in the flour beetle Tribolium confusum. J. Parasitol. 46:747-753.
    • (1960) J. Parasitol. , vol.46 , pp. 747-753
    • West Jr, A.F.1
  • 61
    • 80053632319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression and costs between maternally and paternally derived immune priming for offspring in an insect
    • Zanchi, C., J.-P. Troussard, G. Martinaud, J. Moreau, and Y. Moret . 2011. Differential expression and costs between maternally and paternally derived immune priming for offspring in an insect. J. Anim. Ecol. 80:1174-1183.
    • (2011) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.80 , pp. 1174-1183
    • Zanchi, C.1    Troussard, J.-P.2    Martinaud, G.3    Moreau, J.4    Moret, Y.5
  • 62
    • 82055186780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent transcriptomic responses to repeated and single cold exposures in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Zhang, J., K. E. Marshall, J. T. Westwood, M. S. Clark, and B. J. Sinclair . 2011. Divergent transcriptomic responses to repeated and single cold exposures in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Exp. Biol. 214:4021-4029.
    • (2011) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.214 , pp. 4021-4029
    • Zhang, J.1    Marshall, K.E.2    Westwood, J.T.3    Clark, M.S.4    Sinclair, B.J.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.