Complexity and the art of public policy: Solving society's problems from the bottom up

Complexity and the Art of Public Policy: Solving Society's Problems from the Bottom Up

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 1-310

  Colander, David ^a   Kupers, Roland ^b  

^a MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84924652751     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (176)

1. Arrow, Ken (1998) "Letter about Brian Arthur." Slate. http://www.slate .com/articles/briefing/articles/1998/01/krugmans_life_of_brian .html#arrow.
2. Arthur, Brian (1979, November 5) "Economics: Old and New." First published in Colander (2000a).
3. Arthur, Brian (1994) Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
4. Axelrod, Robert (1997) The Complexity of Cooperation. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
5. Bagehot, Walter [1873] (2009) Lombard Street: A Description of the Money Market. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Library.
6. Bak, Per (1996) How Nature Works: The Science of Self-organized Criticality. New York: Springer.
7. Ball, Philip (2004) Critical Mass-How One Thing Leads to Another. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
8. Beinhocker, Eric (2006) The Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
9. Bergson Abram (1966) Essays in Normative Economics. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press.
10. Bohm, David (2002) Wholeness and the Implicate Order. Reissue ed. New York: Routledge.
11. Bortoft, Henri (1996) The Wholeness of Nature-Goethe's Way of Science. Edinburgh: Floris Books.
12. Boudreaux, Donald J. "I, Pencil: My Family Tree as told to Leonard E. Read." http://www.econlib.org/library/Essays/rdPncl2.html. First published in the December 1958 issue of the Freeman.
13. Boyd, Robert, and John Silk (2011) How Humans Evolved. 6th ed. New York: Norton.
14. Bungay, Stephen (2011) The Art of Action: How Leaders Close the Gaps between Plans, Actions and Results. Boston: Nicholas Brealey.
15. Caldarelli, G., M. Cristelli, A. Gabrielli, L. Pietronero, A. Scala, and A. Tacchella (2011) "A Network Analysis of Countries' Export Flows:Firm Grounds for the Building Blocks of the Economy." PLOS ONE. http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone .0047278.
16. Carnegie, Andrew [1896] (2012) The Gospel of Wealth and Other Timely Essays. Forgotten Books. http://www.forgottenbooks.org/.
17. Cassidy, John (1998, January 12) "The Force of an Idea." New Yorker.
18. Chari, V. V., and P. Kehoe (2006) "Modern Macroeconomics in Practice:How Theory Is Shaping Policy." Journal of Economic Perspectives 20(4): 3-28.
19. Colander, David (1984) "Was Keynes a Keynesian or a Lernerian?" Journal of Economic Literature 22(4): 1572-75.
20. Colander, David (1988) "The Evolution of Keynesian Economics." In Omar Hamouda and John Smithin (eds.), Keynes and Public Policy after 50 Years: 92-100. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
21. Colander, David (1991) Why Aren't Economists as Important as Garbagemen? Essays on the State of Economics. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.
22. Colander, David (1999) The Lost Art of Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
23. Colander, David (2000a) The Complexity Vision and the Teaching of Economics. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar.
24. Colander, David (2000b) "The Death of Neoclassical Economics." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 22(2): 127-43.
25. Colander, David (2005a) "From Muddling Through to the Economics of Control." History of Political Economy 37(5): 277-91.
26. Colander, David (2005b) "What Economists Teach and What Economists Do." Journal of Economic Education 36(3): 249-60.
27. Colander, David (2006) Post Walrasian Macroeconomics: Beyond the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model. New York: Cambridge University Press.
28. Colander, David (2007) The Stories Economists Tell. Burr Ridge, Ill.: McGraw-Hill.
29. Colander, David (2008) The Making of an Economist Redux. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
30. Colander, David (2009) "Economists, Incentives, Judgment, and the European CVAR Approach to Macroeconometrics." Economics 3: 2009-9.
31. Colander, David (2011a) "How Economists Got It Wrong: A Nuanced Account." Critical Review 23(1-2):1-27.
32. Colander, David (2011b) "Solving Society's Problems from the Bottom Up: For-Benefit Enterprises." Challenge Magazine 55(1): 69-85.
33. Colander, David (2011c) "The Systemic Failure of Economic Methodologists." Journal of Economic Methodology 20(1): 56-68.
34. Colander, David (2012) "The Complexity Policy Narrative and the Future of Capitalism." Journal of Northeast Asia Development 14: 1-17.
35. Colander, David (forthcoming) "Achieving a Brighter Future from the Bottom Up:Activist Laissez Faire Social Policy." In Ric Holt and Daphne T. Greenwood (eds.), A Brighter Future: Improving the Standard of Living Now and for the Next Generation. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.
36. Colander, David, and Andrew Qi Lin Chong. (2010) "The Choice Architecture of Choice Architecture: Toward an Affirmative Nudge Policy." Journal of Economic Analysis 1(1): 42-48.
37. Colander, David, Hans Föllmer, Armin Haas, Michael Goldberg, Katarina Juselius, Alan Kirman, Thomas Lux, and Brigitte Sloth (2009) "The Financial Crisis and the Systemic Failure of the Economics Profession." http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1355882.
38. Colander, David, R. Holt, and B. Rosser (2004) The Changing Face of Economics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
39. Colander, David, P. Howitt, A. Kirman, A. Leijonhufvud, and P. Mehrling (2008) "Beyond DSGE Models: Toward an Empirically Based Macroeconomics." American Economic Review 98(2): 236-40.
40. Colander, David, Alan Kirman, Michael Goldberg, Brigitte Sloth, Katarina Juselius, Armin Haas, and Thomas Lux (2009) "The Financial Crisis and the Systemic Failure of the Economics Profession." Critical Review 21(2-3):249-67.
41. Colander, David, Roland Kupers, Thomas Lux, Casey Rothschild, Ilan Chabayh, Wiebke Lass, Michaelis Skourtos, and Natalia Tourdyeva (2010) "Reintegrating the Social Sciences: The Dahlem Report." Middlebury College working paper.
42. Colander, David and Harry Landreth (1996) The Coming of Keynesianism to America. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
43. Collins, James, and Jerry Porras (1994) Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies. New York: Harper.
44. Deltacommissie (2008) Working Together with Water: A Living Land Builds for Its Future. Findings of the Deltacommissie. http://www.deltacommissie .com/doc/deltareport_full.pdf.
45. Economist (2010, April 15) "Twin Peaks-George Soros Has Left His Mark on Many Economies. Can He Do the Same for Economics?".
46. Economist (2012, August 11) "The Joy of the Nudge Olympics.".
47. Epstein, J. M., and R. Axtell (1996) Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
48. EurActiv (2012, October 22) "Icelanders Back First 'Crowdsourced Constitution.'" http://www.euractiv.com/enlargement/icelanders-opens -way-crowdsource-news-515543.
49. Flowers, B. S., R. Kupers, D. Mangalagiu, R. Ramirez, J. Ravetz, J. Selsky, C. Wasden, et al. (2010) "Beyond the Financial Crisis: The Oxford Scenarios." http://www.insis.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/InSIS/Publications /financial-scenarios.pdf.
50. Foley, Duncan (2008) Adam's Fallacy: A Guide to Economic Theology. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap.
51. Frankfurter, Felix (1930) The Public and Its Government. New Haven, Conn.:Yale University Press.
52. Frey, Bruno, and Alois Stutzer (2001) Happiness and Economics: How the Economy and Institutions Affect Human Well-Being. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
53. Friedman, M. (1953) "The Methodology of Positive Economics." In Essays in Positive Economics: 30-43. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
54. Friedman, Thomas (2012) The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization. Rev. and updated ed. New York: Picador.
55. Gabrielli, A., F. S. Labini, M. Joyce, and L. Pietronero (2004) Statistical Physics for Cosmic Structures. Lecture Notes in Physics. New York:Springer.
56. Galbraith, J. K. (1958) The Affluent Society. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
57. Gell Mann, Murray (1995) The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and the Complex. New York: St. Martin's.
58. Geyer, Robert, and Samir Rihani (2010) Complexity and Public Policy-A New Approach to 21st Century Politics, Policy and Society. New York:Routledge.
59. Gintis, Herb (2009) The Bounds of Reason: Game Theory and the Unification of the Behavioral Sciences. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
60. Gintis, Herb (2011) "The Future of Behavioral Game Theory." Mind and Society 10(2): 97-102.
61. Gladwell, Malcolm (2000) The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. Boston: Little, Brown.
62. Goodwin, R. (1947) "Dynamic Coupling with Especial Reference to Markets Having Production Lags." Econometrica 15(3): 181-204.
63. Guan Zhong [fifth century BC] (2001) Guanzi: Political, Economic, and Philosophical Essays from Early China-A Study and Translation. Boston:Cheng & Tsui.
64. Gunderson, Lance, and C. S. Holling (2001) Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems. Washington, D.C.:Island Press.
65. Harford, Tim (2011) Adapt-Why Success Always Starts with Failure. Boston:Little, Brown.
66. Hausmann, Ricardo, and Cesar Hidalgo (2013) The Atlas of Economic Complexity:Mapping Paths to Prosperity. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
67. Hayek, F. (1944) The Road to Serfdom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
68. Heilbroner, Robert (1953) The Worldly Philosophers: The Lives, Times and Ideas of the Great Economic Thinkers. New York: Simon & Schuster.
69. Holmes, Oliver Wendell (1997) The Essential Holmes: Selections from the Letters, Speeches, Judicial Opinions, and Other Writings of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
70. Hoover, Kenneth R. (2008) Economics as Ideology. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.
71. Hotz, R. L. (1997, October) "A Study in Complexity." Technology Review:23-29.
72. Howard, Hilary (2012, November 8) "Socially Conscious Companies Have a New Yardstick." New York Times.
73. Hutt, William (1980) The Keynesian Episode: A Reassessment. Indianapolis:Liberty Fund.
74. Kahneman, Daniel (2012) Thinking Fast and Slow. New York: Penguin.
75. Kauffman, Stuart (1996) At Home in the Universe: The Search for the Laws of Self-Organization and Complexity. New York: Oxford University Press.
76. Kay, John (2012) Obliquity: Why Our Goals Are Best Achieved Indirectly. Reprint ed. New York: Penguin.
77. Kesting, A., M. Treiber, M. Scho, and D. Helbing (2008) "Adaptive Cruise Control Design for Active Congestion Avoidance." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 16: 668-83.
78. Keynes, J. M. (1919) Economic Consequences of the Peace. New York: Harcourt Brace.
79. Keynes, J. M. (1922) "Introduction." In H. D. Henderson, Supply and Demand. London: Nisbet.
80. Keynes, J. M. (1930) A Treatise on Money. London: Macmillan.
81. Keynes, J. M. (1936) The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money. London:Macmillan.
82. Keynes, J. M. (1938, July 4) "Letter to Roy Harrod." http://economia.unipv.it /harrod/edition/editionstuff/rfh.346.htm.
83. Keynes, J. M. (1944) "Letter to Hayek, June 28, 1944." Friedrich Hayek Collection, Hoover Institution, Stanford University.
84. Keynes, J. M. (1963) Essays in Persuasion. New York: Norton.
85. Keynes, J. M. [1930] (1963) "Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren." In Essays in Persuasion: 358-73. New York: Norton.
86. Keynes, J. M. [1936] (2010) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Whitefish, Mont.: Kessinger.
87. Keynes, J. N. (1891) The Scope and Method of Political Economy. London:Macmillan.
88. Kirman, Alan. (2010) Complex Economics: Individual and Collective Rationality (The Graz Schumpeter Lectures). New York: Routledge.
89. Klamer, Arjo, and David Colander (1990) The Making of an Economist. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.
90. Knudsen, C. (2008) "Pluralism, Scientific Progress and the Structure of Organization Studies." In H. Tsoukas and C. Knudsen (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Organization Theory: Metatheoretical Perspectives:262-86. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
91. Koen, Billy Vaughn (2003) Discussion of the Method. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
92. Kohn, A. (1993) "Why Incentive Plans Cannot Work." Harvard Business Review 71: 54-63.
93. Kreps, David (1997) "Economics-The Current Position." Daedalus 126(1):59-85.
94. Krugman, Paul (1994) Rethinking International Trade. Cambridge, Mass.:MIT Press.
95. Krugman, Paul (1996) The Self Organizing Economy. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.
96. Krugman, Paul (1998, January 15) "The Legend of Arthur-A Tale of Gullibility at The New Yorker" Slate. http://www.slate.com/articles/business/the_dismal_science/1998/01/the_legend_of_arthur.html.
97. Krugman, Paul (2013, June 6) "How the Case for Austerity Has Crumbled." New York Review of Books.
98. Krugman, Paul (2013, June 6) "PKArchive." http://www.pkarchive.org/cranks/Brian.html.
99. Kupers, Roland (2001) "What Organizational Leaders Should Know about the New Science of Complexity." Complexity 6(1): 14-19.
100. Kupers, Roland (2011) "The Birth of a Power Source." www.project-syndicate.org.
101. Kupers, Roland, and D. Mangalagiu (2010) "Climate Change Policy: Positive or Negative Economic Impact? Why?" European Climate Foundation working paper.
102. Landreth, H., and D. Colander (2002) History of Economic Thought. 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
103. Lao Tzu [sixth century BC] (2008) The Sayings of Lao Tzu. Translated by L. Giles. Knutsford, UK: A & D Publishing.
104. Lerner, Abba (1941, June) "The Economic Steering Wheel." University Review.
105. Lerner, Abba (1944) The Economics of Control: Principles of Welfare Economics. London:Macmillan.
106. Levitt, Steven, and S. Dubner (2005) Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. New York: William Morrow.
107. Levitt, Steven, and T. J. Miles (2011, May) "The Role of Skill versus Luck in Poker: Evidence from the World Series of Poker." NBER Working Paper No. 17023.
108. Lewis, M. (2004) Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game. New York:Norton.
109. Little, I.M.D. (1950) A Critique of Welfare Economics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
110. Lyall, Sarah (2005, January 22) "A Path to Road Safety with No Signposts." New York Times.
111. Marshall, Alfred [1890] 1961. Principles of Economics. 9th ed. London:Macmillan.
112. May, R. M., S. A. Levin, and G. Sugihara (2008, February) "Ecology for Bankers." Nature 451: 893-95.
113. Medema, Steven (2011) The Hesitant Hand: Taming Self-Interest in the History of Economic Ideas. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
114. Mencken, H. L. (1982) A Mencken Chrestomathy: His Own Selection of His Choicest Writing. New York: Vintage.
115. Mill, J. S. (1848) Principles of Political Economy. London: Longmans, Green.
116. Minsky, H. P. (1986) Stabilizing an Unstable Economy. New Haven, Conn.:Yale University Press.
117. Muir, J. (1911) My First Summer in the Sierra. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
118. Naidit, D. (2003, February 6) "A New Kind of Science?" eSkeptic.
119. Ormerod, Paul (2005) Why Most Things Fail: Evolution, Extinction & Economics. New York: Pantheon.
120. Ostrom, Elinor (2005) Understanding Institutional Diversity. Princeton:Princeton University Press.
121. Ostrom, Elinor (2010, June) "Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems." American Economic Review 100: 1-33.
122. Page, Scott (2007) The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools and Societies. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
123. Palmisano, Sam (2012, February 22) "Global Integration, Act II." International Herald Tribune.
124. Pareto, Vilfredo [1909] 1971. Manual of Political Economy. Edited by Ann S. Schwier and Alfred N. Page. Translated by Ann S. Schwier. New York:A. M. Kelley.
125. Pietronero, Luciano (2007) Complessità e altre storie. Rome: Di Renzo Editore.
126. Pigou, A. C., ed. (1966) Memorials of Alfred Marshall. New York: A. M. Kelley.
127. Pigou, A. C., ed. [1920] 2002. The Economics of Welfare London. Reprint. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction.
128. Pink, Daniel (2011) Drive: The Surprising Truth about What Motivates Us. New York: Riverhead Books.
129. "Pollock's Fractals" (2001, November). Discover. http://discovermagazine .com/2001/nov/featpollock#.Ul96IBZXCxo.
130. Prigogine, Ilya, and Isabelle Stengers (1984) Order Out of Chaos. New York:Bantam Books.
131. Read, Leonard E. (1958, December) "I Pencil." Freeman. http://www.econlib .org/library/Essays/rdPncl1.html.
132. Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenneth S. Rogoff (2011) This Time Is Different:Eight Centuries of Financial Folly. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
133. Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenneth S. Rogoff (2013) "Letter to Paul Krugman." http://www.carmenreinhart .com/letter-to-pk/.
134. Ricardo, David [1817] 1953. On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. Edited by P. Sraffa and M. Dobb. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
135. Robbins, Lionel (1932) An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science. London: Macmillan.
136. Robbins, Lionel (1953) The Theory of Economic Policy in English Classical Political Economy. London: Macmillan.
137. Robbins, Lionel (1981, May) "Economics and Political Economy." American Economic Review 71: 1-10.
138. Rodrik, Dani (2008) One Economics, Many Recipes: Globalization, Institutions, and Economic Growth. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
139. Rothbard, Murray (2006) An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought. Auburn, Ala.: Ludwig von Mises Institute.
140. Rothschild, Emma (1994) "Adam Smith and the Invisible Hand." American Economic Review 84(2): 319-22.
141. Roush, Wade (2006, September) "The Art of the Possible-Can Eric Bonabeau's Hunch Engine Expand Your Mind?" MIT Technology Review. http://www.technologyreview.com/review/406376/the-art-of-the -possible/.
142. Samuelson, Paul (1950) Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill.
143. Scheffer, M. (2009) Critical Transitions in Nature and Society. Princeton Studies in Complexity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
144. Schumpeter, Joseph (1954) History of Economic Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
145. Sen, A. (1970) "The Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal." Journal of Political Economy 78(1): 152-57.
146. Sen, A. (1999) Development as Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press.
147. Senior, Nassau William [1836] (1951) An Outline of the Science of Political Economy. New York: Augustus M. Kelly.
148. Shackle, G.L.S. (1952) Expectations in Economics. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
149. Shelling, Thomas C. (1971) "Dynamic Models of Segregation." Journal of Mathematical Sociology 1: 143-86.
150. Smith, A. (1759) The Theory of Moral Sentiments. London: A. Miller.
151. Smith, A. (1776) The Wealth of Nations.
152. Solow, Robert (1984) "Interview." In Arjo Klamer, Conversations with Economists. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Allanheld.
153. Solow, Robert (1997) "How Did Economics Get That Way, and What Way Did It Get?" Daedalus 126: 39-58.
154. Solow, Robert (2008a) "Comment on Colander's Survey." In Colander (2008).
155. Solow, Robert (2008b) "The State of Macroeconomics." Journal of Economic Perspectives 22: 243-49.
156. Surowiecki, James (2005) The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor.
157. Susskind, Lawrence and Patrick Field (2010) Dealing with an Angry Public:The Mutual Gains Approach to Resolving Disputes. New York: Free Press.
158. Tarshis, Lorie (1947) The Elements of Economics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
159. Thaler, Richard, and Cass Sunstein (2008) Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
160. Trichet, Jean-Claude (2010, November) "Reflections on the Nature of Monetary Policy Non-standard Measures and Finance Theory." Speech by Jean-Claude Trichet, president of the European Central Bank, opening address at the ECB Central Banking Conference, Frankfurt. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2010/html/sp101118.en .html.
161. V. Graaff, J. de (1959) Theoretical Welfare Economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
162. Veblen, T. (1899) The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study in the Evolution of Institutions. New York: Macmillan.
163. Veblen, T. (1900) "Preconceptions of Economic Science." Quarterly Journal of Economics 14(2): 240-69.
164. von Moltke, Helmuth (1995) Moltke on the Art of War: Selected Writings. Edited by Daniel Hughes. New York: Presidio Press.
165. von Neumann, J., and O. Morgenstern (1944) Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
166. Waldrop, Mitchell (1992) Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos. New York: Simon & Schuster.
167. Walker, Brian, and David Salt (2012) Resilience Practice: Building Capacity to Absorb Disturbance and Maintain Function. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
168. Walker, Brian, David Salt, and Walter Reid (2006) Resilience Thinking:Sustaining Ecosystems and People in a Changing World. Washington, D.C.:Island Press.
169. Warsh, David (2013, May 26) "Footnote to a Current Controversy." Economic Principals. http://www.economicprincipals.com/issues/2013.05.26/1507.html.
170. Watts, Duncan (2004) Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age. Reprint ed. New York: Norton.
171. Wilkinson, A., B. S. Flowers (ed.), W. Thomas, N. Davis, A. Litovsky, R. Kupers, J. Hudson, and F. Thompson (2012) "Re|Source 2050: Flourishing from Prosperity: Faster and Further." Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford report. http://www .smithschool.ox.ac.uk/research/library/ReSource-2050_2013Report .pdf.
172. Wilkinson, A., and R. Kupers (2013, May) "Living in the Futures: How Shell's Scenario Planning Approach Delivers Better Leadership." Harvard Business Review. http://hbr.org/2013/05/living-in-the-futures/ar/1.
173. Wilkinson, A., and R. Kupers (forthcoming) The Essence of Corporate Scenarios: Learning from the Shell Experience. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
174. Wilkinson, A., R. Kupers, and D. Mangalagiu (2013) "How Plausibility-Based Scenario Practices Are Grappling with Complexity to Appreciate and Address 21st Century Challenges." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 80: 699-710.
175. Wolfram, Murray (2002) A New Kind of Science. Self-published.
176. Yunus, Muhammad, Bertrand Moingeon, and Laurence Lehmann-Ortega (2010) "Building Social Business Models: Lessons from the Grameen Experience." Long Range Planning 43: 308-25.