메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

Characterisation of recent foot-and-mouth disease viruses from African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and cattle in Kenya is consistent with independent virus populations

Author keywords

African buffalo; Cattle; Control; Epidemiology; Foot and mouth disease; Lineages

Indexed keywords

VIRAL PROTEIN; VIRUS ANTIBODY;

EID: 84924225209     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17466148     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0333-9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 10644237088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foot-and-mouth disease: host range and pathogenesis
    • Alexandersen S, Mowat N. Foot-and-mouth disease: host range and pathogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2005;288:9-42.
    • (2005) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol , vol.288 , pp. 9-42
    • Alexandersen, S.1    Mowat, N.2
  • 2
    • 0036942253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical variation in foot and mouth disease: cattle
    • Kitching RP. Clinical variation in foot and mouth disease: cattle. Rev Sci Tech. 2002;21(3):499-504.
    • (2002) Rev Sci Tech , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 499-504
    • Kitching, R.P.1
  • 4
    • 84924272427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OIE/FAO World Reference Laboratories Network annual report 2012. Found at. Accessed 19th January 2015.
    • FAO. OIE/FAO World Reference Laboratories Network annual report 2012. Found at http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/eufmd/docs/Pirbright_reports/OIE-FAO_FMD_Reference:Laboratory_Network_report_2012__.pdf . Accessed 19th January 2015.
  • 7
    • 0036944036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economics of foot and mouth disease
    • James AD, Rushton J. The economics of foot and mouth disease. Rev Sci Tech. 2002;21(3):637-44.
    • (2002) Rev Sci Tech , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 637-644
    • James, A.D.1    Rushton, J.2
  • 8
    • 0037230932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foot and mouth disease in wildlife
    • Thomson GR, Vosloo W, Bastos AD. Foot and mouth disease in wildlife. Virus Res. 2003;91(1):145-61.
    • (2003) Virus Res , vol.91 , Issue.1 , pp. 145-161
    • Thomson, G.R.1    Vosloo, W.2    Bastos, A.D.3
  • 9
    • 33846828818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of a SAT-1 outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in captive African buffalo (Syncerus caffer): clinical symptoms, genetic characterisation and phylogenetic comparison of outbreak isolates
    • Vosloo W, de Klerk LM, Boshoff CI, Botha B, Dwarka RM, Keet D, et al. Characterisation of a SAT-1 outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in captive African buffalo (Syncerus caffer): clinical symptoms, genetic characterisation and phylogenetic comparison of outbreak isolates. Vet Microbiol. 2007;120(3-4):226-40.
    • (2007) Vet Microbiol , vol.120 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 226-240
    • Vosloo, W.1    Klerk, L.M.2    Boshoff, C.I.3    Botha, B.4    Dwarka, R.M.5    Keet, D.6
  • 10
    • 84887171422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing geographical movements and host species transitions of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype SAT 2 2013
    • Hall MD, Knowles NJ, Wadsworth J, Rambaut A, Woolhouse MEJ. Reconstructing geographical movements and host species transitions of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype SAT 2 2013; mBio 4(5):e00591-13. doi:10.1128/mBio.00591-13
    • mBio , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. e00591-e00613
    • Hall, M.D.1    Knowles, N.J.2    Wadsworth, J.3    Rambaut, A.4    Woolhouse, M.E.J.5
  • 11
    • 0022383052 scopus 로고
    • The duration of the foot-and-mouth disease virus carrier state in African buffalo (i) in the individual animal and (ii) in a free-living herd
    • Condy JB, Hedger RS, Hamblin C, Barnett IT. The duration of the foot-and-mouth disease virus carrier state in African buffalo (i) in the individual animal and (ii) in a free-living herd. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 1985;8(3-4):259-65.
    • (1985) Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.8 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 259-265
    • Condy, J.B.1    Hedger, R.S.2    Hamblin, C.3    Barnett, I.T.4
  • 12
    • 0034943303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The localization of persistent foot and mouth disease virus in the epithelial cells of the soft palate and pharynx
    • Zhang ZD, Kitching RP. The localization of persistent foot and mouth disease virus in the epithelial cells of the soft palate and pharynx. J Comp Pathol. 2001;124(2-3):89-94.
    • (2001) J Comp Pathol , vol.124 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 89-94
    • Zhang, Z.D.1    Kitching, R.P.2
  • 13
    • 18244391352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foot-and-mouth disease.
    • In: Coetzer JAW, Tustin RC, editors. 2nd ed. South Africa: Oxford University Press
    • Thomson GR, Bastos ADS. Foot-and-mouth disease. In: Coetzer JAW, Tustin RC, editors. Infectious diseases of livestock. 2nd ed. South Africa: Oxford University Press; 2004. p. 1324-65.
    • (2004) Infectious diseases of livestock. , pp. 1324-1365
    • Thomson, G.R.1    Bastos, A.D.S.2
  • 14
    • 0002878808 scopus 로고
    • Foot-and-mouth disease in wildlife with particular reference to the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer).
    • London, England: Plenum Press
    • Hedger R. Foot-and-mouth disease in wildlife with particular reference to the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). London, England: Plenum Press; 1976.
    • (1976)
    • Hedger, R.1
  • 15
    • 77956265667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus in African buffalos (Syncerus caffer) in selected National Parks in Uganda (2001-2003)
    • Ayebazibwe C, Mwiine FN, Balinda SN, Tjornehoj K, Masembe C, Muwanika VB, et al. Antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus in African buffalos (Syncerus caffer) in selected National Parks in Uganda (2001-2003). Transbound Emerg Dis. 2010;57(4):286-92.
    • (2010) Transbound Emerg Dis , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 286-292
    • Ayebazibwe, C.1    Mwiine, F.N.2    Balinda, S.N.3    Tjornehoj, K.4    Masembe, C.5    Muwanika, V.B.6
  • 16
    • 84887207511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balancing livestock production and wildlife conservation in and around southern Africa's transfrontier conservation areas
    • Thomson GR, Penrith ML, Atkinson MW, Atkinson SJ, Cassidy D, Osofsky SA. Balancing livestock production and wildlife conservation in and around southern Africa's transfrontier conservation areas. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2013;60(6):492-506.
    • (2013) Transbound Emerg Dis , vol.60 , Issue.6 , pp. 492-506
    • Thomson, G.R.1    Penrith, M.L.2    Atkinson, M.W.3    Atkinson, S.J.4    Cassidy, D.5    Osofsky, S.A.6
  • 18
    • 84924238811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opportunities and constraints posed by wildlife in the diagnosis and epidemiological analysis of foot and mouth disease virus infection.
    • Asuncion, Paraguay, 24-26 June. Found at;Accessed 17th February
    • Roeder PL. Opportunities and constraints posed by wildlife in the diagnosis and epidemiological analysis of foot and mouth disease virus infection. In: Proceedings from the first OIE/FAO Global Conference on foot-and-mouth disease: The way towards global control 24-26 June 2009; Asuncion, Paraguay, 24-26 June. Found at; http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/fr/Conferences_Events/sites/F_FMD_2009/FMD_presentation/Session%202_2/2_2_5_Roeder.pdf . Accessed 17th February 2014.
    • (2014) Proceedings from the first OIE/FAO Global Conference on foot-and-mouth disease: The way towards global control 24-26 June 2009
    • Roeder, P.L.1
  • 19
    • 84924280256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can wildlife and livestock co-exist? An interdisciplinary approach.
    • London: Overseas Development Institute. Found at. Accessed 3rd Sept.
    • Blench R (ed.). Can wildlife and livestock co-exist? An interdisciplinary approach. London: Overseas Development Institute. Found at http://www.academia.edu/3738307 . Accessed 3rd Sept. 2013.
    • (2013)
    • Blench, R.1
  • 21
    • 31144440975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural habitats in which foot-and-mouth disease virus is maintained.
    • In: Domingo FSE, editor. Norfolk, UK: Horizon Bioscience;
    • Vosloo W, Thomson GR. Natural habitats in which foot-and-mouth disease virus is maintained. In: Domingo FSE, editor. "Foot-and-mouth disease, Current perspectives". Norfolk, UK: Horizon Bioscience; 2004. p. 383-410.
    • (2004) Foot-and-mouth disease, Current perspectives , pp. 383-410
    • Vosloo, W.1    Thomson, G.R.2
  • 22
    • 84924266028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Livestock population by type and district: 2009 Kenya population and housing census.
    • Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS)wwwknbsorke Accessed 28/11/2011
    • Anonymous. Livestock population by type and district: 2009 Kenya population and housing census. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS)wwwknbsorke Accessed 28/11/2011.
  • 24
    • 0018680034 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease in the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and the role of this species in the epidemiology of the disease in Kenya
    • Anderson EC, Doughty WJ, Anderson J, Paling R. The pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease in the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and the role of this species in the epidemiology of the disease in Kenya. J Comp Pathol. 1979;89(4):541-9.
    • (1979) J Comp Pathol , vol.89 , Issue.4 , pp. 541-549
    • Anderson, E.C.1    Doughty, W.J.2    Anderson, J.3    Paling, R.4
  • 25
    • 47049087603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serological survey for foot-and-mouth disease virus in wildlife in eastern Africa and estimation of test parameters of a nonstructural protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for buffalo
    • Bronsvoort BM, Parida S, Handel I, McFarland S, Fleming L, Hamblin P, et al. Serological survey for foot-and-mouth disease virus in wildlife in eastern Africa and estimation of test parameters of a nonstructural protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for buffalo. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2008;15(6):1003-11.
    • (2008) Clin Vaccine Immunol , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 1003-1011
    • Bronsvoort, B.M.1    Parida, S.2    Handel, I.3    McFarland, S.4    Fleming, L.5    Hamblin, P.6
  • 26
    • 26944481616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary investigation of tuberculosis and other diseases in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda
    • Kalema-Zikusoka G, Bengis RG, Michel AL, Woodford MH. A preliminary investigation of tuberculosis and other diseases in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2005;72(2):145-51.
    • (2005) Onderstepoort J Vet Res , vol.72 , Issue.2 , pp. 145-151
    • Kalema-Zikusoka, G.1    Bengis, R.G.2    Michel, A.L.3    Woodford, M.H.4
  • 29
    • 84924279998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to age sheep, goats, cattle and buffalo
    • Found at. Accessed 6th Sept. 2013
    • How to age sheep, goats, cattle and buffalo: Found at http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0690E/t0690e05.htm&numunit9 . Accessed 6th Sept. 2013.
  • 30
    • 84924233475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foot and mouth disease. Chapter 2.1.5 in: OIE manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals.
    • Accessed 16 Feb
    • Anonymous. Foot and mouth disease. Chapter 2.1.5 in: OIE manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/2.01.05_FMD.pdf . Accessed 16 Feb 2015.
    • (2015)
  • 31
    • 0022478550 scopus 로고
    • A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus. I. Development and method of ELISA
    • Hamblin C, Barnett IT, Hedger RS. A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus. I. Development and method of ELISA. J Immunol Methods. 1986;93(1):115-21.
    • (1986) J Immunol Methods , vol.93 , Issue.1 , pp. 115-121
    • Hamblin, C.1    Barnett, I.T.2    Hedger, R.S.3
  • 32
    • 0022474005 scopus 로고
    • A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus. II. Application
    • Hamblin C, Barnett IT, Crowther JR. A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus. II. Application. J Immunol Methods. 1986;93(1):123-9.
    • (1986) J Immunol Methods , vol.93 , Issue.1 , pp. 123-129
    • Hamblin, C.1    Barnett, I.T.2    Crowther, J.R.3
  • 33
    • 0034906339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A solid-phase competition ELISA for measuring antibody to foot-and-mouth disease virus
    • Mackay DK, Bulut AN, Rendle T, Davidson F, Ferris NP. A solid-phase competition ELISA for measuring antibody to foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Virol Methods. 2001;97(1-2):33-48.
    • (2001) J Virol Methods , vol.97 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 33-48
    • Mackay, D.K.1    Bulut, A.N.2    Rendle, T.3    Davidson, F.4    Ferris, N.P.5
  • 34
    • 33745158157 scopus 로고
    • A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints
    • Reed LJ, Muench H. A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints. Am J Epidemiol. 1938;27(3):493-7.
    • (1938) Am J Epidemiol , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 493-497
    • Reed, L.J.1    Muench, H.2
  • 35
    • 0004067888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey Toolbox for Livestock Diseases - A Practical Manual and Software Package for Active Surveillance in Developing Countries.
    • Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Monograph No. 54
    • Cameron A. Survey Toolbox for Livestock Diseases - A Practical Manual and Software Package for Active Surveillance in Developing Countries. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Monograph No. 54; 1999.
    • (1999)
    • Cameron, A.1
  • 36
    • 0036596833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a portable real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus
    • Callahan JD, Brown F, Osorio FA, Sur JH, Kramer E, Long GW, et al. Use of a portable real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;220(11):1636-42.
    • (2002) J Am Vet Med Assoc , vol.220 , Issue.11 , pp. 1636-1642
    • Callahan, J.D.1    Brown, F.2    Osorio, F.A.3    Sur, J.H.4    Kramer, E.5    Long, G.W.6
  • 37
    • 0035993304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of all seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus by real-time, fluorogenic reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay
    • Reid SM, Ferris NP, Hutchings GH, Zhang Z, Belsham GJ, Alexandersen S. Detection of all seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus by real-time, fluorogenic reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. J Virol Methods. 2002;105:67-80.
    • (2002) J Virol Methods , vol.105 , pp. 67-80
    • Reid, S.M.1    Ferris, N.P.2    Hutchings, G.H.3    Zhang, Z.4    Belsham, G.J.5    Alexandersen, S.6
  • 39
    • 0012534354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of the complete genomes of Asian, African and European isolates of a recent foot-and-mouth disease virus type O pandemic strain (PanAsia)
    • Mason PW, Pacheco JM, Zhao QZ, Knowles NJ. Comparisons of the complete genomes of Asian, African and European isolates of a recent foot-and-mouth disease virus type O pandemic strain (PanAsia). J Gen Virol. 2003;84(Pt 6):1583-93.
    • (2003) J Gen Virol , vol.84 , pp. 1583-1593
    • Mason, P.W.1    Pacheco, J.M.2    Zhao, Q.Z.3    Knowles, N.J.4
  • 40
    • 77957352504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-circulation of two extremely divergent serotype SAT 2 lineages in Kenya highlights challenges to foot-and-mouth disease control
    • Sangula AK, Belsham GJ, Muwanika VB, Heller R, Balinda SN, Siegismund HR. Co-circulation of two extremely divergent serotype SAT 2 lineages in Kenya highlights challenges to foot-and-mouth disease control. Arch Virol. 2010;155(10):1625-30.
    • (2010) Arch Virol , vol.155 , Issue.10 , pp. 1625-1630
    • Sangula, A.K.1    Belsham, G.J.2    Muwanika, V.B.3    Heller, R.4    Balinda, S.N.5    Siegismund, H.R.6
  • 43
    • 84924244119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease.
    • Accessed 10th August 2013]
    • ME reports. 2013. World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease. Genotyping report for Africa [ http://www.wrlfmd.org/fmd_genotyping/africa.html . Accessed 10th August 2013].
    • (2013) Genotyping report for Africa
  • 44
    • 13244255415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MUSCLE: a multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity.
    • Edgar RC. MUSCLE: a multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity. BMC Bioinformatics 2004, 5:113 doi:10.1186/1471-2105-5-113
    • (2004) BMC Bioinformatics , vol.5 , pp. 113
    • Edgar, R.C.1
  • 45
    • 79957613599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peterson N., Stecher G., Nei M., S. K: MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods
    • Tamura KPD. Peterson N., Stecher G., Nei M., S. K: MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol. 2011;28(10):2731-9.
    • (2011) Mol Biol Evol , vol.28 , Issue.10 , pp. 2731-2739
    • Tamura, K.P.D.1
  • 46
    • 0000461280 scopus 로고
    • Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap
    • Felsenstein J. Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution. 1985;39:783-91.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 783-791
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 47
    • 84891818007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity of serotype A foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Kenya from 1964 to 2013; implications for control strategies in eastern Africa
    • Wekesa SN, Sangula AK, Belsham GJ, Muwanika VB, Heller R, Balinda SN, et al. Genetic diversity of serotype A foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Kenya from 1964 to 2013; implications for control strategies in eastern Africa. Infect Genet Evol. 2014;21:408-17.
    • (2014) Infect Genet Evol , vol.21 , pp. 408-417
    • Wekesa, S.N.1    Sangula, A.K.2    Belsham, G.J.3    Muwanika, V.B.4    Heller, R.5    Balinda, S.N.6
  • 48
  • 49
    • 77958104738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotype specificity of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle in selected districts in Uganda
    • Mwiine FN, Ayebazibwe C, Olaho-Mukani W, Alexandersen S, Balinda SN, Masembe C, et al. Serotype specificity of antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle in selected districts in Uganda. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2010;57(5):365-74.
    • (2010) Transbound Emerg Dis , vol.57 , Issue.5 , pp. 365-374
    • Mwiine, F.N.1    Ayebazibwe, C.2    Olaho-Mukani, W.3    Alexandersen, S.4    Balinda, S.N.5    Masembe, C.6
  • 50
    • 33748851714 scopus 로고
    • Serological tests for foot-and-mouth disease in bovine serum samples. Problems of interpretation
    • Hedger RS, Barnett ITR, Gradwell DV, Travassos Dias P. Serological tests for foot-and-mouth disease in bovine serum samples. Problems of interpretation. Rev sci tech Off int Epiz. 1982;1(2):387-93.
    • (1982) Rev sci tech Off int Epiz , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 387-393
    • Hedger, R.S.1    Barnett, I.T.R.2    Gradwell, D.V.3    Travassos Dias, P.4
  • 51
    • 0024452656 scopus 로고
    • Experimental infection of eland (Taurotrages oryx), sable antelope (Ozanna grandicomis) and buffalo (Syncerus caffer) with foot-and-mouth disease virus
    • Ferris NP, Condy JB, Barnett IT, Armstrong RM. Experimental infection of eland (Taurotrages oryx), sable antelope (Ozanna grandicomis) and buffalo (Syncerus caffer) with foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Comp Pathol. 1989;101(3):307-16.
    • (1989) J Comp Pathol , vol.101 , Issue.3 , pp. 307-316
    • Ferris, N.P.1    Condy, J.B.2    Barnett, I.T.3    Armstrong, R.M.4
  • 52
    • 0028780635 scopus 로고
    • Experimental transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from carrier African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) to cattle in Zimbabwe
    • Dawe PS, Sorensen K, Ferris NP, Barnett IT, Armstrong RM, Knowles NJ. Experimental transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from carrier African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) to cattle in Zimbabwe. Vet Rec. 1994;134(9):211-5.
    • (1994) Vet Rec , vol.134 , Issue.9 , pp. 211-215
    • Dawe, P.S.1    Sorensen, K.2    Ferris, N.P.3    Barnett, I.T.4    Armstrong, R.M.5    Knowles, N.J.6
  • 53
    • 0029922582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent infection of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) with SAT-type foot-and-mouth disease viruses: rate of fixation of mutations, antigenic change and interspecies transmission
    • Vosloo W, Bastos AD, Kirkbride E, Esterhuysen JJ, van Rensburg DJ, Bengis RG, et al. Persistent infection of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) with SAT-type foot-and-mouth disease viruses: rate of fixation of mutations, antigenic change and interspecies transmission. J Gen Virol. 1996;77(Pt 7):1457-67.
    • (1996) J Gen Virol , vol.77 , pp. 1457-1467
    • Vosloo, W.1    Bastos, A.D.2    Kirkbride, E.3    Esterhuysen, J.J.4    Rensburg, D.J.5    Bengis, R.G.6
  • 54
    • 79952214544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low diversity of foot-and-mouth disease serotype C virus in Kenya: evidence for probable vaccine strain re-introductions in the field
    • Sangula AK, Siegismund HR, Belsham GJ, Balinda SN, Masembe C, Muwanika VB. Low diversity of foot-and-mouth disease serotype C virus in Kenya: evidence for probable vaccine strain re-introductions in the field. Epidemiol Infect. 2011;139(2):189-96.
    • (2011) Epidemiol Infect , vol.139 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-196
    • Sangula, A.K.1    Siegismund, H.R.2    Belsham, G.J.3    Balinda, S.N.4    Masembe, C.5    Muwanika, V.B.6
  • 55
    • 84902205230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in the Somali eco-system in Kenya
    • Chepkwony EC, Gitao CG, Muchemi GM. Seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in the Somali eco-system in Kenya. J Anim Vet Adv. 2012;4(3):198-203.
    • (2012) J Anim Vet Adv , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 198-203
    • Chepkwony, E.C.1    Gitao, C.G.2    Muchemi, G.M.3
  • 56
    • 84911417480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serological evidence indicates that foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O, C and SAT1 are most dominant in Eritrea
    • Tekleghiorghis T, Moormann RJ, Weerdmeester K, Dekker A. Serological evidence indicates that foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O, C and SAT1 are most dominant in Eritrea Transbound Emerg Dis. doi:10.1111/tbed12065.
    • Transbound Emerg Dis.
    • Tekleghiorghis, T.1    Moormann, R.J.2    Weerdmeester, K.3    Dekker, A.4
  • 57
    • 37749053643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foot and mouth disease in the Borana pastoral system, southern Ethiopia and implications for livelihoods and international trade
    • Rufael T, Catley A, Bogale A, Sahle M, Shiferaw Y. Foot and mouth disease in the Borana pastoral system, southern Ethiopia and implications for livelihoods and international trade. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2008;40(1):29-38.
    • (2008) Trop Anim Health Prod , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-38
    • Rufael, T.1    Catley, A.2    Bogale, A.3    Sahle, M.4    Shiferaw, Y.5
  • 58
    • 0037235302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus
    • Knowles NJ, Samuel AR. Molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Virus Res. 2003;91(1):65-80.
    • (2003) Virus Res , vol.91 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-80
    • Knowles, N.J.1    Samuel, A.R.2
  • 60
    • 0028764964 scopus 로고
    • Natural transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) to cattle in a wildlife area of Zimbabwe
    • Dawe PS, Flanagan FO, Madekurozwa RL, Sorensen KJ, Anderson EC, Foggin CM, et al. Natural transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) to cattle in a wildlife area of Zimbabwe. Vet Rec. 1994;134(10):230-2.
    • (1994) Vet Rec , vol.134 , Issue.10 , pp. 230-232
    • Dawe, P.S.1    Flanagan, F.O.2    Madekurozwa, R.L.3    Sorensen, K.J.4    Anderson, E.C.5    Foggin, C.M.6
  • 61
    • 84891357533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contacts and foot and mouth disease transmission from wild to domestic bovines in Africa
    • Miguel E, Grosbois V, Caron A, Boulinier T, Fritz H, Cornélis D, et al. Contacts and foot and mouth disease transmission from wild to domestic bovines in Africa. Ecosphere. 2013;4(4):51. http://www.esajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1890/ES12-00239.1 .
    • (2013) Ecosphere , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 51
    • Miguel, E.1    Grosbois, V.2    Caron, A.3    Boulinier, T.4    Fritz, H.5    Cornélis, D.6
  • 62
    • 42249085772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate of foot-and-mouth disease virus transmission by carriers quantified from experimental data
    • Tenzin, Dekker A, Vernooij H, Bouma A, Stegeman A. Rate of foot-and-mouth disease virus transmission by carriers quantified from experimental data. Risk Anal. 2008;28(2):303-9.
    • (2008) Risk Anal , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 303-309
    • Tenzin, D.1    Dekker, A.2    Vernooij, H.3    Bouma, A.4    Stegeman, A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.