Risk factors for invasive Cryptococcus neoformans diseases: A case-control study

PLoS ONE

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2015, Pages

  Lin, Ying Ying ^a   Shiau, Stephanie ^b   Fang, Chi Tai ^a,c  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b Department of Medicine   (United States)

^c NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; CALCINEURIN INHIBITOR; CHLORAMBUCIL; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN; DEXAMETHASONE; ETOPOSIDE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; MELPHALAN; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; PREDNISOLONE; RITUXIMAB; TACROLIMUS;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CONTACT EXAMINATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; DECOMPENSATED LIVER CIRRHOSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE REGISTRY; FEMALE; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITAL BASED CASE CONTROL STUDY; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PIGEON; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SEX RATIO; TAIWAN; UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AGED; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPLICATION; FUNGEMIA; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; MENINGITIS, CRYPTOCOCCAL; MIDDLE AGED; REGISTER; VERY ELDERLY;

FILOBASIDIELLA NEOFORMANS; FUNGI;

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; FEMALE; FUNGEMIA; HUMANS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; MALE; MENINGITIS, CRYPTOCOCCAL; MIDDLE AGED; REGISTRIES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84924210834     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119090     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Hansemann DV (1905) Uber eine bisher nicht beobachtete Gehirner Krankung durch Hefen. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol 9: 21-24.
2. Mitchell TG, Perfect JR (1995) Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS 100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans. Clin Microbiol Rev 8: 515-548. PMID: 8665468
3. Park BJ, Wannemuehler KA, Marston BJ, Govender N, Pappas PG, Chiller TM (2009) Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among persons living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS 23: 525-530. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328322ffac PMID: 19182676
4. World Health Organization (2011) Rapid advice: diagnosis, prevention and management of cryptococcal disease in HIV-infected adults, adolescents and children. Geneva.
5. Kovacs JA, Kovacs AA, Polis M, Wright WC, Gill VJ, Tuazon CU, et al. (1985) Cryptococcosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 103: 533-538. PMID: 3898951
6. Eng RH, Bishburg E, Smith SM, Kapila R (1986) Cryptococcal infections in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Med 81: 19-23. PMID: 3022581
7. Gal AA, Koss MN, Hawkins J, Evans S, Einstein H (1986) The pathology of pulmonary cryptococcal infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Pathol Lab Med 110: 502-507. PMID: 3754723
8. Shimizu RY, Howard DH, Clancy MN (1986) The variety of Cryptococcus neoformans in patients with AIDS. J Infect Dis 154: 1042. PMID: 3537151
9. Zuger A, Louie E, Holzman RS, Simberkoff MS, Rahal JJ (1986) Cryptococcal disease in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. diagnostic features and outcome of treatment. Ann Intern Med 104: 234-240. PMID: 3946951
10. Chuck SL, Sande MA (1989) Infections with Cryptococcus neoformans in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 321: 794-799. PMID: 2671735
11. Zoller WG, Kellner H, Goebel FD, Schmiedtke K, Holecek B, Staib F, et al. (1989) Cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis and multiple infections in AIDS. Klin Wochenschr 67: 598-604. PMID: 2545969
12. Graybill JR, Drutz DJ (1978) Host defense in cryptococcosis. II. Cryptococcosis in the nude mouse. Cell Immunol 40: 263-274. PMID: 363279
13. Cauley LK, Murphy JW (1979) Response of congenitally athymic (nude) and phenotypically normal mice to Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Infect Immun 23: 644-651. PMID: 313367
14. Nishimura K, Miyaji M (1979) Histopathological studies on experimental cryptococcosis in nude mice. Mycopathologia 68: 145-153. PMID: 316872
15. Salkowski CA, Balish E (1990) Pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans in congenitally immunodeficient beige athymic mice. Infect Immun 58: 3300-3306. PMID: 2401566
16. Salkowski CA, Balish E (1991) Inflammatory responses to cryptococcosis in congenitally athymic mice. J Leukoc Biol 49: 533-541. PMID: 2026961
17. Salkowski CA, Balish E (1991) Cutaneous cryptococcosis in athymic and beige-athymic mice. Infect Immun 59: 1785-1789. PMID: 1850380
18. Singh N, Husain S, De Vera M, Gayowski T, Cacciarelli TV (2004) Cryptococcus neoformans infection in patients with cirrhosis, including liver transplant candidates. Medicine (Baltimore) 83: 188-192. PMID: 15118545
19. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ (2010) Epidemiology of invasive mycoses in North America. Crit Rev Microbiol 36: 1-53. doi: 10.3109/10408410903241444 PMID: 20088682
20. Mirza SA, Phelan M, Rimland D, Graviss E, Hamill R, Brandt ME, et al. (2003) The changing epidemiology of cryptococcosis: an update from population-based active surveillance in 2 large metropolitan areas, 1992-2000. Clin Infect Dis 36: 789-794. PMID: 12627365
21. Kiertiburanakul S, Wirojtananugoon S, Pracharktam R, Sungkanuparph S (2006) Cryptococcosis in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients. Int J Infect Dis 10: 72-78. PMID: 16288998
22. Lee TK, Chiu WS, Hsu CJ, Yang SP (1959) Cryptococcosis: a review with two case reports. J Formosan Med Assoc 58: 567-578.
23. Shih CC, Chen YC, Chang SC, Luh KT, Hsieh WC (2000) Cryptococcal meningitis in non-HIV-infected patients. QJM 93: 245-251. PMID: 10787453
24. Sun HY, Hung CC, Chang SC (2004) Management of cryptococcal meningitis with extremely high intracranial pressure in HIV-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis 38: 1790-1792. PMID: 15227631
25. Jean SS, Fang CT, Shau WY, Chen YC, Chang SC, Hsueh PR, et al. (2002) Cryptococcaemia: clinical features and prognostic factors. QJM 95: 511-518. PMID: 12145390
26. Tseng HK, Liu CP, Ho MW, Lu PL, Lo HJ, Lin YH, et al. (2013) Microbiological, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with cryptococcosis in Taiwan, 1997-2010. PLoS One 8: e61921. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061921 PMID: 23613973
27. Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (1992) 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR Recomm Rep 41: 1-19. PMID: 1480128
28. Child CG, Turcotte JG (1964) Surgery and portal hypertension. Major Probl Clin Surg 1: 1-85. PMID: 4950264
29. Singh N, Alexander BD, Lortholary O, Dromer F, Gupta KL, John GT, et al. (2007) Cryptococcus neoformans in organ transplant recipients: impact of calcineurin-inhibitor agents on mortality. J Infect Dis 195: 756-764. PMID: 17262720
30. American Diabetes Association (2006) Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 29 (Suppl 1): S43-48. PMID: 16373932
31. Dromer F, Mathoulin-Pelissier S, Fontanet A, Ronin O, Dupont B, Lortholary O, et al. (2004) Epidemiology of HIV-associated cryptococcosis in France (1985-2001): comparison of the pre- and post-HAART eras. AIDS 18: 555-562. PMID: 15090810
32. Odom A, Muir S, Lim E, Toffaletti DL, Perfect J, Heitman J, et al. (1997) Calcineurin is required for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. EMBO J 16: 2576-2589. PMID: 9184205
33. Cruz MC, Del Poeta M, Wang P, Wenger R, Zenke G, Quesniaux VF, et al. (2000) Immunosuppressive and nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporine analogs are toxic to the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans via cyclophilin-dependent inhibition of calcineurin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44: 143-149. PMID: 10602736
34. Bermas BL, Petri M, Goldman D, Mittleman B, Miller MW, Stocks NI, et al. (1994) T helper cell dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): relation to disease activity. J Clin Immunol 14: 169-177. PMID: 7929693
35. Jean SS, Wang JL, Wang JT, Fang CT, Chen YC, Chang SC. (2005) Cryptococcus neoformans peritonitis in two patients with liver cirrhosis. J Formos Med Assoc 104: 39-42. PMID: 15660176
36. Akalin HE, Laleli Y, Telatar H (1985) Serum bactericidal and opsonic activities in patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis. QJM 56: 431-437. PMID: 3901076
37. DeMeo AN, Andersen BR, English DK, Peterson J (1972) Defective chemotaxis associated with a serum inhibitor in cirrhotic patients. N Engl J Med 286: 735-740. PMID: 5025776
38. Holdstock G, Chastenay BF, Krawitt EL (1982) Studies on lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness in cirrhosis: the role of increased monocyte suppressor cell activity. Gastroenterology 82: 206-212. PMID: 6459260
39. Chuang YM, Ho YC, Chang HT, Yu CJ, Yang PC, Hsueh PR (2008) Disseminated cryptococcosis in HIV-uninfected patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 27: 307-310. PMID: 18157678
40. Jiang YD, Chang CH, Tai TY, Chen JF, Chuang LM (2012) Incidence and prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus in Taiwan: analysis of the 2000-2009 Nationwide Health Insurance database. J Formos Med Assoc 111: 599-604. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.09.014 PMID: 23217595