Developing open space networks in shrinking cities

Applied Geography

Volumn 59, Issue , 2015, Pages 1-9

  Frazier, Amy E ^a   Bagchi Sen, Sharmistha ^b  

^a OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

Author keywords

Conefor; Defragmentation; GIS; Open space; Urban decline

Indexed keywords

DEMOLITION; GIS; LAND RECLAMATION; LAND USE CHANGE; OPEN SPACE; URBAN DEVELOPMENT; URBAN PLANNING;

BUFFALO; NEW YORK [UNITED STATES]; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84923924706     PISSN: 01436228     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.02.010     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Ahern J. Greenways as a planning strategy. Landscape and Urban Planning 1995, 33:131-155.
2. Anselin L. Local indicators of spatial association - LISA. Geographical Analysis 1995, 27(2):93-115.
3. Atassi L. What to do with vacant homes is a Cleveland quandary February 3, 2013, The Plain Dealer, Accessed at, Sept. 3, 2013. http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2013/02/what_to_do_with_vacant_homes_i.html.
4. Belson K. Vacant houses, scourge of beaten-down Buffalo. The New York Times September 13, 2007, Retrieved from, on March 27, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/13/nyregion/13vacant.html?pagewanted=all%26_r=0.
5. Bernt M. Partnerships for demolition: the governance of urban renewal in east Germany's shrinking cities. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 2009, 33(3):754-769.
6. Besag J., Newell J. The detection of clusters in rare diseases. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 1991, 154:143-155.
7. Blumner N. Planning for the unplanned: Tools and techniques for interim use in Germany and the United States 2006, German Institute of Urban Affairs. http://www.difu.de.
8. Bodin Ö., Saura S. Ranking individual habitat patches as connectivity providers: integrating network analysis and patch removal experiments. Ecological Modelling 2010, 221(19):2393-2405.
9. Bowie J., Farfel M., Moran H. Community experiences and perceptions related to demolition and gut rehabilitation of houses for urban redevelopment. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 2005, 82(4):532-542.
10. Boyle D.J., Hassett-Walker C. Individual-level and socio-structural characteristics of violence-An Emergency Department study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2008, 23(8):1011-1026.
11. Breuste J., Niemela J., Snep R.P.H. Applying landscape ecological principles in urban environments. Landscape Ecology 2008, 23:1139-1142.
12. Bullock S. Appraising low investment grade apartments. The Appraisal Journal 1996, 64:34-43.
13. Burkholder S. The new ecology of vacancy: rethinking land use in shrinking cities. Sustainability 2012, 4:1154-1172.
14. Cohen J.R. Abandoned housing: exploring lessons from Baltimore. Housing Policy Debate 2001, 12(3):415-448.
15. Costanza R., d'Arge R., de Groot R., Farber S., Grasso M., Hannon B., et al. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 1997, 387:253-260.
16. DAFPU: Department of Administration, Finance, Policy and Urban Affairs, City of Buffalo, Janet Penksa, Commissioner Mayor Brown's "5 in 5" demolition plan. Moving Buffalo Forward: Policy Briefs from the Brown Administration 2007, 1(1):1-4. Retrieved from, on November 1, 2012. http://www.ci.buffalo.ny.us/files/1_2_1/Mayor/PublicPolicyPublication/5in5_DemoPlan.pdf.
17. De Sousa C.A. The greening of brownfields in American cities. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 2004, 47(4):579-600.
18. Dewaelheyns V., Rogge E., Gulinck H. Putting domestic gardens on the agenda using empirical spatial data: the case of Flanders. Applied Geography 2014, 50:132-143.
19. Dewar M. Selling tax reverted land: lessons from Cleveland and Detroit. Journal of the American Planning Association 2006, 72(2):167-180.
20. Dewar M., Thomas J.M. The city after abandonment 2012, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
21. Erie County GIS Dept. Erie county geographic information system tax parcel database 2012.
22. Fabos J.G. Introduction and overview: the greenway movement, uses and potentials of greenways. Landscape and Urban Planning 1995, 33:1-13.
23. Favro T. US cities use demolition as planning tool but results are often problematic. City Mayors Development 7 May 2006, 16. Retrieved from, on January 7, 2013. http://www.citymayors.com/development/demolition_usa.html.
24. Frazier A.E., Bagchi-Sen S., Knight J. The spatio-temporal impacts of demolition land use policy and crime in a shrinking city. Applied Geography 2013, 41:55-64.
25. Frischenbruder M.T., Pellegrino P. Using greenways to reclaim nature in Brazilian cities. Landscape and Urban Planning 2006, 76:67-78.
26. Getis A., Ord J. The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geographical Analysis 1992, 24:189-206.
27. Girling C.L., Helphand K.I. Retrofitting suburbia. Open space in Bellevue, Washington, USA. Landscape and Urban Planning 1997, 36:301-313.
28. Goddard M.A., Dougill A.J., Benton T.G. Scaling up from gardens: biodiversity conservation in urban environments. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 2009, 1175:1-9.
29. Gulinck H., Wagendorp T. References for fragmentation analysis of the rural matrix on cultural landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning 2002, 58(2-4):137-146.
30. Haase D. Urban ecology of shrinking cities: an unrecognized opportunity?. Nature and Culture 2008, 3(1):1-8.
31. Hailpern S.M., Visintainer P.F. Odds ratios and logistic regression: further examples of their use and interpretation. The Stata Journal 2003, 3(3):213-225.
32. Hollander J.B., Nemeth J. The bounds of smart decline: a foundational theory for planning shrinking cities. Housing Policy Debate 2011, 21(3):349-367.
33. Hollander J.B., Pallagst K., Schwarz T., Popper F.J. Planning shrinking cities. Progress and Planning 2009, 72(4):223-232.
34. Hu Z., Lo C.P. Modeling urban growth in Atlanta using logistic regression. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 2007, 31:667-688.
35. Ikin K., Beaty R.M., Lindenmayer D.B., Knight E., Fischer J., Manning A.D. Pocket parks in a compact city: how do birds respond to increasing residential density?. Landscape Ecology 2013, 28(1):45-56.
36. Irwin E.G., Geoghegan J. Theory, data, methods: developing spatially explicit economic models of land use change. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 2001, 85:7-23.
37. Jim C.Y., Chen S.S. Comprehensive greenspace planning based on landscape ecology principles in compact Nanjing city, China. Landscape and Urban Planning 2003, 65:95-116.
38. Kabisch N., Haase D. Green spaces of European cities revisited for 1990-2006. Landscape and Urban Planning 2013, 110:113-122.
39. Little C.E. Greenways for America 1990, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
40. Loehle C. Optimizing wildlife habitat mitigation with a habitat defragmentation algorithm. Forest Ecology and Management 1999, 120(1-3):245-251.
41. Mahmoud A.H.A., El-Sayed M.A. Development of sustainable urban green areas in Egyptian new cities: the case of El-Sadat City. Landscape and Urban Planning 2011, 101(2):157-170.
42. Mallach A. Demolition and preservation in shrinking US industrial cities. Building Research and Information 2011, 39(4):380-394.
43. McAlpine C.A., Eyre T.J. Testing landscape metrics as indicators of habitat loss and fragmentation in continuous eucalypt forests (Queesland, Australia). Landscape Ecology 2002, 17:711-728.
44. McGarigal K., Cushman S.A., Ene E. FRAGSTATS v4: Spatial pattern analysis program for categorical and continuous maps 2012, Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Available at: the following web site:. http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html.
45. McGarigal K., Marks B. Spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure 1995, General Technical Report. PNW-GTR-351, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.
46. Mertens B., Lambin E.F. Spatial modelling of deforestation in southern Cameroon: spatial disaggregation of diverse deforestation processes. Applied Geography 1999, 17(2):143-162.
47. Ord J., Getis A. Local spatial autocorrelation statistics: distributional issues and an application. Geographical Analysis 1995, 27:286-306.
48. Pirnat J. Conservation and management of forest patches and corridors in suburban landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning 2000, 52:135-143.
49. Rieniets T. Urban shrinkage. Atlas of shrinking cities 2006, 30. Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern, Germany. P. Oswalt, T. Rieniets (Eds.).
50. Ryan B.D. The restructuring of Detroit: city block form change in a shrinking city, 1900-2000. Urban Design International 2008, 13:156-168.
51. Saulny S. Razing the city to save the city. The New York Times June 20, 2010, Accessed from, Aug. 4, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/21/us/21detroit.html?pagewanted=all%26_r=0.
52. Saura S., Pascual-Hortal L. Anew habitat availability index to integrate connectivity in landscape conservation planning: comparison with existing indices and application to a case study. Landscape and Urban Planning 2007, 83:91-103.
53. Saura S., Torné J. Conefor Sensinode 2.2: a software package for quantifying the importance of habitat patches for landscape connectivity. Environmental Model Software 2009, 24:135-139.
54. Schilling J., Logan J. Greening the rust belt: a green infrastructure model for right sizing America's shrinking cities. Journal of the American Planning Association 2008, 74(4):451-466.
55. Schilling J., Mallach A. Cities in transition: A guide for practicing planners 2012, American Planning Association, Chicago.
56. Schumaker N.H. Using landscape indices to predict habitat connectivity. Ecology 1996, 77(4):1210-1225.
57. Southworth M. Walkable suburbs?: an evaluation of neotradiational communitie at the urban edge. Journal of the American Planning Association 1997, 63(1):28-44.
58. Spelman W. Abandoned buildings: magnets for crime?. Journal of Criminal Justice 1993, 21(5):481-495.
59. Streitfeld D. An effort to save flint, mich., by shrinking it. New York Times April 22, 2009, section A12.
60. Syrbe R.U., Walz U. Spatial indicators for the assessment of ecosystem services: providing, benefiting and connecting areas and landscape metrics. Ecological Indicators 2012, 21:80-88.
61. Tang J., Wang L., Yao Z. Analyzing urban sprawl spatial fragmentation using multi-temporal satellite images. GIS and Remote Sensing 2006, 43(3):218-232.
62. Tian Y., Jim C.Y., Tao Y., Shi T. Landscape ecological assessment of green space fragmentation in Hong Kong. Urban Forestry Urban Greening 2011, 10(2):79-86.
63. Turner M. Landscape ecology: the effect of pattern on process. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1989, 20:171-197.
64. U.S.Census Bureau Selected housing characteristics. 2007-2011 American community survey 5-year estimates 2010.
65. Untermann R.K. Accommodating the pedestrian: adapting towns and neighborhoods for walking and bicycling. Areport of the findings from 1983-1984 NPTS, source control programs 1990, Vol. II. United States Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
66. Van der Grift E.A. Defragmentation in the Netherlands: a success story?. GAIA 2005, 14(2):144-147.
67. Weaver R.L., Bagchi-Sen S. Evolutionary analysis of neighborhood decline using multilevel selection theory. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 2012, 104(4):765-783.
68. Weber R., Doussard M., Bhatta S.D., McGrath D. Tearing the city down: understanding demolition activity in gentrifying neighborhoods. Journal of Urban Affairs 2006, 28(1):19-41.
69. Wiechman T., Pallagst K.M. Urban shrinkage in Germany and the USA: a comparison of transformation patterns and local strategies. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 2012, 36(2):261-280.
70. Willis L. Proposal may change city's razing policy. Baltimore Sun July 29 2000, 14B.
71. Wilson G.L., Kelling J.Q. Broken Windows: the police and neighborhood safety. Atlantic Monthly March 1982, 29-38.
72. Wu J. Urban sustainability: an inevitable goal of Landscape Ecology. Landscape Ecology 2010, 25:1-4.
73. Yeh A.G.-O., Chow M.H. An integrated GIS and location-allocation approach to public facilities planning - an example of open space planning. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 1996, 20:339-350.
74. Yonas M.A., O'Campo P., Burke J.G., Gielen A.C. Neighborhood-level factors and youth violence: giving voice to the perceptions of prominent neighborhood individuals. Health Education Behavior 2007, 34:669-685.