메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 159-182

Tourism and poverty reduction: An economic sector analysis for Costa Rica and Nicaragua

Author keywords

Agriculture; Costa rica; Nicaragua; Poverty; Tourism and development

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; DEMAND ELASTICITY; ECONOMETRICS; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; MANUFACTURING; POVERTY; TOURISM DEVELOPMENT;

EID: 84923796338     PISSN: 13548166     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5367/te.2014.0442     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (66)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 0016355478 scopus 로고
    • A new look at the statistical model identification, IEEE
    • Akaike, H. (1974), 'A new look at the statistical model identification, IEEE', Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol 19, pp 716-723.
    • (1974) Transactions on Automatic Control , vol.19 , pp. 716-723
    • Akaike, H.1
  • 2
    • 0029510557 scopus 로고
    • Importance of tourism for the economy of Bermuda
    • Archer, B. (1995), 'Importance of tourism for the economy of Bermuda', Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 22, No 4, pp 918-930.
    • (1995) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 918-930
    • Archer, B.1
  • 3
    • 0021365564 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the relationship between tourism and economic growth in Barbados
    • Archer, E. (1984), 'Estimating the relationship between tourism and economic growth in Barbados', Journal of Travel Research, Spring, pp 8-12.
    • (1984) Journal of Travel Research , Issue.SPRING , pp. 8-12
    • Archer, E.1
  • 6
    • 84981689119 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of long-run coefficients in error correction models
    • Bardsen, G. (1989), 'Estimation of long-run coefficients in error correction models', Oxford Bulletin of Economic and Statistics, Vol 54, pp 345-350.
    • (1989) Oxford Bulletin of Economic and Statistics , vol.54 , pp. 345-350
    • Bardsen, G.1
  • 8
    • 77956937530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between tourism receipts, real effective exchange and economic growth in Tunisia
    • Belloumi, M. (2010), 'The relationship between tourism receipts, real effective exchange and economic growth in Tunisia', International Journal of Tourism Research, Vol 12, No 5, pp 550-560.
    • (2010) International Journal of Tourism Research , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 550-560
    • Belloumi, M.1
  • 10
    • 28444487246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The growth elasticity of poverty reduction: Explaining heterogeneity across countries and time periods
    • Eicher, T.S., and Turnovsky, S.J., eds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Bourguignon, F. (2003), 'The growth elasticity of poverty reduction: explaining heterogeneity across countries and time periods', in Eicher, T.S., and Turnovsky, S.J., eds, Inequality and Growth: Theory and Policy Implications, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 3-26.
    • (2003) Inequality and Growth: Theory and Policy Implications , pp. 3-26
    • Bourguignon, F.1
  • 11
    • 3943080686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The poverty-growth-inequality triangle
    • Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi, India
    • Bourguignon, F. (2004), 'The poverty-growth-inequality triangle', Working Papers No 125, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi, India.
    • (2004) Working Papers No 125
    • Bourguignon, F.1
  • 12
    • 84982371477 scopus 로고
    • Testing for autocorrelation in dynamic linear models
    • Breusch, T. (1978), 'Testing for autocorrelation in dynamic linear models', Journal of Australia Economic Papers, Vol. 17, pp 334-355.
    • (1978) Journal of Australia Economic Papers , vol.17 , pp. 334-355
    • Breusch, T.1
  • 13
    • 0000473798 scopus 로고
    • Techniques for testing the constancy of regression relationships over time
    • Brown, R.J., Durbin, J., and Evans, J. (1975), 'Techniques for testing the constancy of regression relationships over time', Journal of Royal Statistics Society, Vol B37, pp 149-163.
    • (1975) Journal of Royal Statistics Society , vol.B37 , pp. 149-163
    • Brown, R.J.1    Durbin, J.2    Evans, J.3
  • 24
    • 67649087008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism and poverty alleviation: Real promise or false premise?
    • paper presented at the, Department of Applied Economics, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, 18-20 May
    • Croes, R., and Vanegas, M. (2006), 'Tourism and poverty alleviation: real promise or false premise?', paper presented at the Second International Conference on Tourism Economics, Department of Applied Economics, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, 18-20 May.
    • (2006) Second International Conference on Tourism Economics
    • Croes, R.1    Vanegas, M.2
  • 25
    • 57649158511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism and poverty alleviation: A cointegration analysis
    • Croes, R., and Vanegas, M. (2008), 'Tourism and poverty alleviation: a cointegration analysis', Journal of Travel Research, Vol 47, pp 94-103.
    • (2008) Journal of Travel Research , vol.47 , pp. 94-103
    • Croes, R.1    Vanegas, M.2
  • 26
    • 77954155859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agricultural growth and poverty reduction: Additional evidence
    • De Janvry, A., and Sadoulet, E. (2010), 'Agricultural growth and poverty reduction: additional evidence', World Bank Research Observer, Vol 25, No 1, pp 1-20.
    • (2010) World Bank Research Observer , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-20
    • De Janvry, A.1    Sadoulet, E.2
  • 27
    • 0000472488 scopus 로고
    • Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root
    • Dickey, D.A., and Fuller, W.A. (1981), 'Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root', Econometrica, Vol 49, No 4, pp 1057-1071.
    • (1981) Econometrica , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 1057-1071
    • Dickey, D.A.1    Fuller, W.A.2
  • 28
    • 0012578335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth is good for the poor
    • Dollar, D., and Kraay, A. (2002), 'Growth is good for the poor', Journal of Economic Growth, Vol 7, No 3, pp. 195-225.
    • (2002) Journal of Economic Growth , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 195-225
    • Dollar, D.1    Kraay, A.2
  • 29
    • 5144219840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism as a long-run economic growth factor: An empirical investigation for Greece using causality analysis
    • Dritsakis, N. (2004), 'Tourism as a long-run economic growth factor: an empirical investigation for Greece using causality analysis', Tourism Economics, Vol 10, No 3, pp 305-316.
    • (2004) Tourism Economics , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 305-316
    • Dritsakis, N.1
  • 31
    • 10844241604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism and economic growth: The case of Mauritius
    • Durbarry, R. (2004), 'Tourism and economic growth: the case of Mauritius', Tourism Economics, Vol 10, No 4, pp 389-401.
    • (2004) Tourism Economics , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 389-401
    • Durbarry, R.1
  • 32
    • 0038673956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-industry effects of tourism growth: Implications for destination managers
    • Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., and Spurr, R. (2003), 'Inter-industry effects of tourism growth: implications for destination managers', Tourism Economics, Vol 9, No 2, pp 117-132.
    • (2003) Tourism Economics , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-132
    • Dwyer, L.1    Forsyth, P.2    Spurr, R.3
  • 33
    • 0000013567 scopus 로고
    • Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity with estimates of the variance of United Kingdom inflation
    • Engle, R.F. (1982), 'Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity with estimates of the variance of United Kingdom inflation', Econometrica, Vol 50, pp 987-1007.
    • (1982) Econometrica , vol.50 , pp. 987-1007
    • Engle, R.F.1
  • 34
    • 0000013567 scopus 로고
    • Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing
    • Engle, R.F., and Granger, C.W.J. (1987), 'Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing', Econometrica, Vol 55, pp 251-276.
    • (1987) Econometrica , vol.55 , pp. 251-276
    • Engle, R.F.1    Granger, C.W.J.2
  • 35
    • 77953360624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poverty reduction without economic growth? Explaining Brazil's poverty dynamics, 1985-2004
    • Ferreira, H.G., Leite, P., and Ravallion, M. (2010), 'Poverty reduction without economic growth? Explaining Brazil's poverty dynamics, 1985-2004', Journal of Development Economics, Vol 93, pp 20-36.
    • (2010) Journal of Development Economics , vol.93 , pp. 20-36
    • Ferreira, H.G.1    Leite, P.2    Ravallion, M.3
  • 36
    • 78649822996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism and growth in a cross section of countries
    • Figini, P., and Vici, L. (2010), 'Tourism and growth in a cross section of countries', Tourism Economics, Vol 16, No 4, pp 789-805.
    • (2010) Tourism Economics , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 789-805
    • Figini, P.1    Vici, L.2
  • 37
    • 4243138007 scopus 로고
    • Tourism and economic growth: An empirical study
    • Ghali, M. (1976), 'Tourism and economic growth: an empirical study', Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol 24, No 3, pp 527-538.
    • (1976) Economic Development and Cultural Change , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 527-538
    • Ghali, M.1
  • 39
    • 0000681385 scopus 로고
    • Testing for higher order serial correlation in regression equations when the regressors contain lagged dependent variables
    • Godfrey, L.G. (1978), 'Testing for higher order serial correlation in regression equations when the regressors contain lagged dependent variables', Econometrica, Vol 46, pp 1303-1310.
    • (1978) Econometrica , vol.46 , pp. 1303-1310
    • Godfrey, L.G.1
  • 40
    • 28144459550 scopus 로고
    • Some recent development in a concept of causality
    • Granger, C.W.J. (1988), 'Some recent development in a concept of causality', Journal of Econometrics, Vol 39, pp 424-438.
    • (1988) Journal of Econometrics , vol.39 , pp. 424-438
    • Granger, C.W.J.1
  • 41
    • 84955628737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of inclusive growth in developing Asia: Insights from an empirical growth-poverty elasticity analysis
    • Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo
    • Habito, C. (2009), 'Patterns of inclusive growth in developing Asia: insights from an empirical growth-poverty elasticity analysis', ADBI Working Paper No 145, Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo.
    • (2009) ADBI Working Paper No 145
    • Habito, C.1
  • 42
    • 2542432507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Industry matters for poverty: A critique of agricultural Fundamentalism
    • Hasan, R., and Quibria, M.G. (2004), 'Industry matters for poverty: a critique of agricultural Fundamentalism', KYKLOS, Vol 57, pp 253-264.
    • (2004) KYKLOS , vol.57 , pp. 253-264
    • Hasan, R.1    Quibria, M.G.2
  • 43
    • 33847607806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The World Bank's role in tourism development
    • Hawkins, D., and Mann, S. (2007), 'The World Bank's role in tourism development', Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 34, No 2, pp 348-363.
    • (2007) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 348-363
    • Hawkins, D.1    Mann, S.2
  • 44
    • 65449158971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos, Julio, San José, Costa Rica
    • INEC (2008), 'Encuesta Nacional de Hogares: resultados generales', Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos, Julio, San José, Costa Rica.
    • (2008) Encuesta Nacional de Hogares: Resultados Generales
    • INEC1
  • 45
    • 65449158971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos, Julio, San José, Costa Rica
    • INEC (2009), 'Encuesta Nacional de Hogares: resultados generales', Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos, Julio, San José, Costa Rica.
    • (2009) Encuesta Nacional de Hogares: Resultados Generales
    • INEC1
  • 46
    • 65449158971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos, Año 3, Julio, San José, Costa Rica
    • INEC (2012), 'Encuesta Nacional de Hogares: resultados generales', Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos, Vol 1, Año 3, Julio, San José, Costa Rica.
    • (2012) Encuesta Nacional de Hogares: Resultados Generales , vol.1
    • INEC1
  • 49
    • 35548931351 scopus 로고
    • Efficient tests for normality, homoscedasticity and serial independence of regression residuals
    • Jarque, C.M., and Bera, A.K. (1980), 'Efficient tests for normality, homoscedasticity and serial independence of regression residuals', Economic Letters, Vol 6, pp 255-259.
    • (1980) Economic Letters , vol.6 , pp. 255-259
    • Jarque, C.M.1    Bera, A.K.2
  • 50
    • 0345510809 scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis of co-integration vectors
    • Johansen, S. (1988), 'Statistical analysis of co-integration vectors', Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Vol 12, pp 231-254.
    • (1988) Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control , vol.12 , pp. 231-254
    • Johansen, S.1
  • 51
    • 44049117018 scopus 로고
    • Testing structural hypothesis in a multivariate co integration analysis at the purchasing power parity and the uncovered interest parity for the UK
    • Johansen, S., and Juselius, K. (1992), 'Testing structural hypothesis in a multivariate co integration analysis at the purchasing power parity and the uncovered interest parity for the UK', Journal of Econometrics, Vol 53, pp 211-244.
    • (1992) Journal of Econometrics , vol.53 , pp. 211-244
    • Johansen, S.1    Juselius, K.2
  • 52
    • 0025586050 scopus 로고
    • Tourism multiplier effects on Singapore
    • Khan, H., Seng, C.F., and Cheong, W.K. (1990), 'Tourism multiplier effects on Singapore', Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 17, No 3, pp 408-418.
    • (1990) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 408-418
    • Khan, H.1    Seng, C.F.2    Cheong, W.K.3
  • 54
    • 33745850770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism expansion and economic development: The case of Taiwan
    • Kim, H.J., Chen, M-H., and Jang, S.C. (2006), 'Tourism expansion and economic development: the case of Taiwan', Tourism Management, Vol 27, pp 925-933.
    • (2006) Tourism Management , vol.27 , pp. 925-933
    • Kim, H.J.1    Chen, M.-H.2    Jang, S.C.3
  • 55
    • 81355128015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-series evidence for tourism-led growth hypothesis: A case study of Jordan
    • Kreishan, F. (2011), 'Time-series evidence for tourism-led growth hypothesis: a case study of Jordan', International Management Review, Vol 7, No 11, pp 89-93.
    • (2011) International Management Review , vol.7 , Issue.11 , pp. 89-93
    • Kreishan, F.1
  • 56
    • 77954441403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the tourism-led growth hypothesis stable for Malaysia? A note
    • Lean, H., and Tang, C. (2010), 'Is the tourism-led growth hypothesis stable for Malaysia? A note', International Journal of Tourism Research, Vol 12, No 4, pp 375-378.
    • (2010) International Journal of Tourism Research , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 375-378
    • Lean, H.1    Tang, C.2
  • 57
    • 77953357207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The composition of growth matters for poverty alleviation
    • Loayza, N., and Raddatz, C. (2010), 'The composition of growth matters for poverty alleviation', Journal of Development Economics, Vol 93, pp 137-151.
    • (2010) Journal of Development Economics , vol.93 , pp. 137-151
    • Loayza, N.1    Raddatz, C.2
  • 58
    • 19644376971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The problems and prospects of sustainable tourism development in the Okavango Delta, Botswana
    • Mbaiwa, J. (2005), 'The problems and prospects of sustainable tourism development in the Okavango Delta, Botswana', Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol 13, No 3, pp 203-227.
    • (2005) Journal of Sustainable Tourism , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 203-227
    • Mbaiwa, J.1
  • 59
    • 85172638802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical values for integration tests
    • Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
    • MacKinnon, J.G. (2010), 'Critical values for integration tests,' Economics Working Paper No 1227, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
    • (2010) Economics Working Paper No 1227
    • MacKinnon, J.G.1
  • 60
    • 77949268968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pattern of growth and poverty reduction in China
    • Montalvo, J.G., and Ravallion, M. (2010), 'The pattern of growth and poverty reduction in China', Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol 38, pp 2-16.
    • (2010) Journal of Comparative Economics , vol.38 , pp. 2-16
    • Montalvo, J.G.1    Ravallion, M.2
  • 61
    • 0035588799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships
    • Pesaran, M.H., Shin, T., and Smith, R.J. (2001), 'Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships, Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol 16, pp 289-326.
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Econometrics , vol.16 , pp. 289-326
    • Pesaran, M.H.1    Shin, T.2    Smith, R.J.3
  • 62
    • 77956888124 scopus 로고
    • Testing for a unit root in time series regression
    • Phillips, P.C.B., and Perron, P. (1988), 'Testing for a unit root in time series regression', Biometrica, Vol 75, pp 335-346.
    • (1988) Biometrica , vol.75 , pp. 335-346
    • Phillips, P.C.B.1    Perron, P.2
  • 63
    • 0000619128 scopus 로고
    • Test for specification errors in classical linear test squares regression analysis
    • Ramsey, J.B. (1969), 'Test for specification errors in classical linear test squares regression analysis', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, Vol 31, pp 350-371.
    • (1969) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B , vol.31 , pp. 350-371
    • Ramsey, J.B.1
  • 64
    • 33750948808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • China's (uneven) progress against poverty
    • Ravallion, M., and Chen, S. (2007), 'China's (uneven) progress against poverty', Journal of Development Economics, Vol 82, No 1, pp 1-42.
    • (2007) Journal of Development Economics , vol.82 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-42
    • Ravallion, M.1    Chen, S.2
  • 65
    • 0030446063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How important to India's poor is the sectoral composition of economic growth?
    • Ravallion, M., and Datt, G. (1996), 'How important to India's poor is the sectoral composition of economic growth?', World Bank Economic Review, Vol 10, pp 1-26.
    • (1996) World Bank Economic Review , vol.10 , pp. 1-26
    • Ravallion, M.1    Datt, G.2
  • 66
    • 0036289322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why has economic growth been more pro-poor in some states of India than others?
    • Ravallion, M., and Datt, G. (2002), 'Why has economic growth been more pro-poor in some states of India than others?', Journal of Development Economics, Vol 68, No 2, pp 381-400.
    • (2002) Journal of Development Economics , vol.68 , Issue.2 , pp. 381-400
    • Ravallion, M.1    Datt, G.2
  • 67
    • 85172644457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism reality in Costa Rica
    • August, San José, Costa Rica
    • Rodriguez, W. (2005), Tourism Reality in Costa Rica, Digital Parliamentary Review, August, San José, Costa Rica.
    • (2005) Digital Parliamentary Review
    • Rodriguez, W.1
  • 70
    • 0000120766 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the dimension of a model
    • Schwartz, G. (1978), 'Estimating the dimension of a model', Annals of Statistics, Vol 6, pp 461-464.
    • (1978) Annals of Statistics , vol.6 , pp. 461-464
    • Schwartz, G.1
  • 71
    • 44849115786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does tourism influence economic growth? A dynamic panel data approach
    • Sequeira, T., and Nuñes, P. (2008), 'Does tourism influence economic growth? A dynamic panel data approach', Applied Economics, Vol 40, No 18, pp 2431-2441.
    • (2008) Applied Economics , vol.40 , Issue.18 , pp. 2431-2441
    • Sequeira, T.1    Nuñes, P.2
  • 72
    • 61349110064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of location and sectoral components of economic growth on poverty: Evidence from Indonesia
    • Suryahadi, A., Suryadarma, D., and Sumarto, S. (2009), 'The effects of location and sectoral components of economic growth on poverty: evidence from Indonesia', Journal of Development Economics, Vol 89, No 1, pp 109-117.
    • (2009) Journal of Development Economics , vol.89 , Issue.1 , pp. 109-117
    • Suryahadi, A.1    Suryadarma, D.2    Sumarto, S.3
  • 74
    • 78650800799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the tourism-led growth hypothesis valid for Malaysia? A view from disaggregated tourism markets
    • Tang, C. (2011), 'Is the tourism-led growth hypothesis valid for Malaysia? A view from disaggregated tourism markets', International Journal of Tourism Research, Vol 13, pp 97-101.
    • (2011) International Journal of Tourism Research , vol.13 , pp. 97-101
    • Tang, C.1
  • 75
    • 65349176881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • India: Is the rising tide lifting all boats?
    • International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C
    • Topalova, P.B. (2008), 'India: is the rising tide lifting all boats?', IMF Working Paper No 08/54, International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.
    • (2008) IMF Working Paper No 08/54
    • Topalova, P.B.1
  • 78
    • 84869087768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Institute for Development Economics Research of the United Nations University, United Nations, New York
    • UNU-WIDER (2008), The Poverty-Growth-Inequality Triangle in China, World Institute for Development Economics Research of the United Nations University, United Nations, New York.
    • (2008) The Poverty-Growth-Inequality Triangle in China
    • UNU-WIDER1
  • 81
    • 84869054423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism in El Salvador: Co-integration and causality analysis
    • Vanegas, M. (2012b), 'Tourism in El Salvador: co-integration and causality analysis', Tourism Analysis, Vol 17, pp 311-323.
    • (2012) Tourism Analysis , vol.17 , pp. 311-323
    • Vanegas, M.1
  • 83
    • 77956552796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism, economic expansion and poverty in Nicaragua: Investigating co-integration and causal relations
    • Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul
    • Vanegas, M., and Croes, R. (2007a), 'Tourism, economic expansion and poverty in Nicaragua: investigating co-integration and causal relations', Department of Applied Economics, Staff Paper Series # P07-10, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul.
    • (2007) Staff Paper Series # P07-10
    • Vanegas, M.1    Croes, R.2
  • 84
    • 85172638932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Building an econometric nexus between tourism development and poverty in Nicaragua
    • paper presented at the, Managua, Nicaragua, September
    • Vanegas, M., and Croes, R. (2007b), 'Building an econometric nexus between tourism development and poverty in Nicaragua', paper presented at the International Conference on Tourism and Poverty, Managua, Nicaragua, September.
    • (2007) International Conference on Tourism and Poverty
    • Vanegas, M.1    Croes, R.2
  • 85
    • 84923793048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sudoku of growth, poverty and malnutrition: Policy implications for lagging states
    • Virmani, A. (2007), 'The sudoku of growth, poverty and malnutrition: policy implications for lagging states', Planning Commission Working Paper No 2/2007-PC.
    • (2007) Planning Commission Working Paper No 2/2007-PC
    • Virmani, A.1
  • 86
    • 61349090516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poverty and sectoral growth in South Asia
    • Warr, P. (2006), 'Poverty and sectoral growth in South Asia', Asean Economic Bulletin, Vol 28, No 3, pp 279-302.
    • (2006) Asean Economic Bulletin , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 279-302
    • Warr, P.1
  • 87
    • 0000095552 scopus 로고
    • A heteroscedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test of heteroscedasticity
    • White, H. (1980), 'A heteroscedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test of heteroscedasticity', Econometrica, Vol 48, pp 817-838.
    • (1980) Econometrica , vol.48 , pp. 817-838
    • White, H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.