Imagined democracies: Necessary political fictions

Imagined Democracies: Necessary Political Fictions

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-325

  Ezrahi, Yaron ^a  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84923636057     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139198769     Document Type: Book

References (457)

1. Edward L. Rubin, Beyond Camelot: Rethinking Politics and Law For the Modern State (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005)
2. Stephen P. Turner, Liberal Democracy 3.0: Civil Society in an Age of Experts (London: SAGE Publications, 2003).
3. David Ames Curtis (ed.), The Castoriadis Reader (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997), pp. 196–217
4. Wallace Stevens, The Necessary Angel: Essays on Reality and the Imagination (London: Faber and Faber, 1951), p. 28.
5. William C. Wees, Light Moving in Time: Studies in the Visual Aesthetics of Avant-Garde Film (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), pp. 63–5.
6. Michael S. Gazzaniga, The Mind’s Past (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998).
7. Ernan McMullin, “Enlarging Imagination” in Tijdschrift voor Filosoie 58 no. 2 (June 1996).
8. Frank E. Manuel, The Religion of Isaac Newton (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974).
9. Karl Marx, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, vol. I, Ben Fowkes (trans.), (first pub. 1886; New York: Penguin, 1976), pp. 165, 186–7.
10. Gabriel Motzkin, Time and Transcendence: Secular History, the Catholic Reaction and the Rediscovery of the Future (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992).
11. Georg Simmel, The Philosophy of Money, T. Bottomore and D. Frisby (trans.) (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1978).
12. Marc Shell, Money, Language, and Thought (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982).
13. Yaron Ezrahi, “The Theatrics and Mechanics of Action: The Theatre and the Machine as Political Metaphors,” Social Research 62 no.2 (Summer 1995): 299–322.
14. Amos Funkenstein, Theology and the Scientii c Imagination from the Middle Ages to the Seventeenth Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986).
15. Giambattista Vico, New Science (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1999).
16. Lorraine Daston, “Enlightenment Fears, Fears of Enlightenment” in Keith Michael Baker and Peter Hanns Reill (eds.), What’s Left of Enlightenment? (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001), pp. 116–28.
17. Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985).
18. Robert Boyle, “The Christian Virtuoso” in Thomas Birch (ed.), The Works of the Honourable Robert Boyle, (Hildesheim: Verlagsbuchhandlung Georg Olms, 1966), p. 514.
19. Michael Heyd, “Be Sober And Reasonable”: The Critique of Enthusiasm in the Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Centuries (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1995), p. 278.
20. Zhores A. Medvedev and Roy A. Medvedev, A Question of Madness (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974).
21. Quentin Skinner, Reason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Hobbes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 376, 387.
22. Spinoza, The Theological-Political Treatise, Samuel Shirley (trans.), 2nd ed. (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 2001).
23. Steven B. Smith, Spinoza, Liberalism, and the Question of Jewish Identity (New Haven: Yale University Press,1997), pp. 30–2, 83.
24. Philip P. Wiener, “Leibniz’s Project of a Public Exhibition of Scientific Inventions,” in Philip P. Wiener and Aaron Noland (eds.), Roots of Scientiic Thought: A Cultural Perspective (New York: Basic Books, 1957), pp. 460–8.
25. Giambattista Vico: New Science (c. 1744), David Marsh (trans.), Anthony Grafton (intro.) (London: Penguin Books, 2000).
26. Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince and the Discourses (New York: The Modern Library, 1950), p. 56.
27. Donald Phillip Verene, Vico’s Science of the Imagination (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991), p. 19.
28. Joseph Mali, The Rehabilitation of Myth: Vico’s “New Science” (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), pp. 50–1, 258.
29. David L. Marshall: Vico and the Transformation of Rhetoric in Early Modern Europe (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010).
30. Giambattista Vico, On the Study of Methods of Our Time, Elio Gianturco (trans.) (first pub. 1709; Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990), p. 13.
31. MarkLilla’s G. B. Vico: The Making of an Anti-Modern (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994), p. 50.
32. Yaron Ezrahi, “Modes of Reasoning and the Politics of Authority in the Modern State” in David R. Olson and Nancy Torrance (eds.), Modes of Thought: Explorations in Culture and Cognition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 72–89.
33. Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modem Identity (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989), p. 156.
34. Martin Heidegger and David Farrell Krell (ed.), Basic Writings: Martin Heidegger (New York: Harper and Row, 1977), “The Question Concerning Technology,” pp. 288, 296.
35. Bruno Latour, Pandora’s Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), pp. 13, 18.
36. Ian Hacking, Historical Ontology (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002), pp. 160–1.
37. Donna J. Haraway, Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature (London: Free Association Books, 1991), p. 11.
38. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities (London: Verso, 1991), pp. 50–1.
39. Charles Taylor, Modern Social Imaginaries (Durham: Duke University Press, 2004), p. 23.
40. “Self-narration as Self-defense,” in my book Rubber Bullets: Power and Conscience in Modern Israel (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1997).
41. Sheila Jasanoff, “The Idiom of Co-Production” and “Ordering Knowledge, Ordering Society” in Sheila Jasanoff (ed.), States of Knowledge: The Co-Production of Science and the Social Order (London: Routledge, 2004), pp. 1–45.
42. H. Nowotny, P. Scott, and M. Gibbons, Re-Thinking Science: Knowledge and the Public in the Age of Uncertainty (Cambridge: Polity, 2001).
43. Sheila Jasanoff, Designs on Nature: Science and Democracy in Europe and the United States (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005), p. 9.
44. Ernst H. Kantorowicz, The King’s Two Bodies: A Study in Mediaeval Political Theology (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997).
45. Wallace Stevens, The Necessary Angel: Essays on Reality and the Imagination (London: Faber and Faber, 1951), p. 31.
46. Gerald Holton, Thematic Origins of Scientific Thought: Kepler to Einstein, revised edition, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988), p. 17.
47. Richard Rorty’s Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979).
48. Nelson Goodman, Ways of Worldmaking (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1978).
49. Ian Hacking, Historical Ontology (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002).
50. David Bloor, Knowledge and Social Imagery, second edition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).
51. Sheila Jasanoff (ed.), States of Knowledge: The Co-Production of Science and Social Order (London: Routledge, 2004).
52. Bruno Latour, Pandora’s Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999).
53. Ian Hacking’s The Social Construction of What? (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999).
54. Steve Woolgar’s Laboratory Life, Jonas Salk (ed.) (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986).
55. Richard D. Whitley, The Intellectual and Social Organization of the Sciences (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984).
56. Mara Beller, Quantum Dialogue: The Making of a Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), p. 180.
57. Yaron Ezrahi’s “Einstein and the Light of Reason” in Gerald Holton and Yehuda Elkana (eds.), Albert Einstein: Historical and Cultural Perspectives – The Centennial Symposium in Jerusalem (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982), pp. 262–6.
58. Michael Polanyi, Personal Knowledge (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958).
59. Mark Johnson, The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990).
60. Carl E. Schorske, Fin-de-Si è cle Vienna (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1980), pp. 24–115.
61. W. J. T. Mitchell, What Do Pictures Want? The Lives and Loves of Images (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), pp. 77–81.
62. Yaron Ezrahi, The Descent of Icarus: Science and the Transformation of Contemporary Democracy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990).
63. James C. Scott, Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998).
64. Theodore M. Porter, Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995).
65. Jonathan Brown and J. H. Elliott, A Palace For a King: The Buen Retiro and the Court of Philip IV (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980).
66. Mabel Berezin, Making the Fascist Self: The Political Culture of Interwar Italy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997).
67. J. L. Austin, How To Do Things With Words, J. O. Urmson (ed.) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962).
68. John R. Searle, Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979).
69. Michael Polanyi’s “The Republic of Science” in Minerva 1 (Autumn 1962): 54–73.
70. V. N. Vološinov, Marxism and the Philosophy of Language, L. Matejka and I. R. Titunik (trans.) (New York: Seminar Press, 1973), pp. 23–4.
71. Sandy Petrey, Realism and Revolution: Balzac, Stendhal, Zola, and the Performances of History (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988).
72. Erving Goffman, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1959).
73. Donald MacKenzie in his brilliant book An Engine, Not a Camera: How Financial Models Shape Markets (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006).
74. Theodore L. Becker (ed.), Quantum Politics: Applying Quantum Theory to Political Phenomena (New York: Praeger, 1991), pp. 169–99.
75. Yaron Ezrahi, “The Distribution and Redistribution of Political Relexivity in Contemporary Democracy” in Reflecting on Reflexivity, Terry Evans and Don Handelman (eds.), (forthcoming).
76. David R. Olson and Nancy Torrance (eds.), Modes of Thought: Explorations in Culture and Cognition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 72–89.
77. John B. Knipping, Iconography of the Counter-Reformation in the Netherlands: Heaven on Earth, 2 vols. (Nieuwkoop: De Graaff, 1974).
78. Mary Douglas, How Institutions Think (New York: Syracuse University Press, 1986), p. 42.
79. Daniel Dayan and Elihu Katz, Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992).
80. Albert Einstein, Relativity: The Special and the General Theory, R. W. Lawson (trans.), fifteenth edition (New York: Crown Publishers, 1961), p. 123.
81. Yaron Ezrahi, “Einstein and the Light of Reason” in Gerald Holton and Yehuda Elkana (eds.), pp. 253–78.
82. Yaron Ezrahi, “Einstein’s Unintended Legacy: The Critique of Common-Sense Realism and Post-Modern Politics” in Gerald Holton, Peter L. Galison and Silvan S. Schweber (eds.), Einstein for the 21st Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008).
83. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Rel ections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, 1996).
84. Don Handelman’s Models and Mirrors, Towards an Anthropology of Public Events (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
85. Don Handelman, Nationalism and the Israeli State: Bureaucratic Logic in Public Events (Oxford: Berg, 2004), especially pp. 21–32.
86. Lorraine Daston, “Enlightenment Fears, Fears of Enlightenment” in Keith Michael Baker and Peter Hanns Reill (eds.), What’s Left of Enlightenment? (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001), p. 128.
87. Sheila Jasanoff, Designs on Nature: Science and Democracy in Europe and the United States (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005), pp. 171–202.
88. Herbert L. Sussman, Fact into Figure: Typology in Carlyle, Ruskin, and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1977).
89. Martin Wiener, English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Spirit, 1850–1880 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982).
90. Reinhart Koselleck, Futures Past: On the Semantics of Historical Time, Keith Tribe (trans.) (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985).
91. Gabriel Motzkin, Time and Transcendence: Secular History, the Catholic Reaction, and the Rediscovery of the Future (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992).
92. Keith Thomas’s Man and the Natural World: A History of the Modern Sensibility (New York: Pantheon Books, 1984), p. 218.
93. “The Rights of Man” (1791-2) in The Thomas Paine Reader (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1987), p. 241.
94. Jerry Z. Muller (ed.), Conservatism: An Anthology of Social and Political Thought from David Hume to the Present (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), p. 93.
95. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Harvey C. Mansi eld and Delba Winthrop (trans. and ed.) (i rst pub. 1835; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002), p. 484.
96. Charles Taylor, Modern Social Imaginaries (Durham: Duke University Press, 2004), p. 155.
97. Jonathan P. Ribner, Broken Tablets: The Cult of the Law in French Art from David to Delacroix (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993).
98. Pierre Hadot, What is Ancient Philosophy? M. Chase (trans.) (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press), pp. 113–26.
99. Titus Lucretius Carus, De Rerum Natura, W. H. D. Rouse (trans.), Loeb Classical Library 181, second edition, Martin Ferguson Smith (ed.) (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1975).
100. Judith N. Shklar, Legalism: Law, Morals, and Political Trials (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986), pp. 67–8.
101. A. P. d’Entrèves, Natural Law: An Historical Survey (New York: Harper and Row, 1951), p. 13.
102. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, “Telling, Showing, Showing Off,” Critical Inquiry, vol.18, no. 3 (Spring 1992): 556–94.
103. Donna J. Haraway, Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature (London: Free Association Books, 1991), p. 10.
104. Bernard Bailyn, To Begin the World Anew: The Genius and Ambiguities of the American Founders (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003), pp. 4–5.
105. Robert Hughes, American Visions: The Epic History of Art in America (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997), p. 139.
106. John Wilmerding, American Light: The Luminist Movement 1850–1875 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989), p. 17.
107. Barbara Novak, American Painting of the Nineteenth Century: Realism, Idealism, and the American Experience (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1969).
108. Yaron Ezrahi, The Descent of Icarus: Science and the Transformation of Contemporary Democracy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990), especially pp. 108–17.
109. Edwin Arthur Burtt, The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Physical Science Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1954
110. Frank E. Manuel, The Religion of Isaac Newton (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974).
111. Leo Spitzer, Classical and Christian Ideas of World Harmony, Anna Granville Hatcher (ed.), (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1963).
112. Yaron Ezrahi’s “Modes of Reasoning and the Politics of the Modern State” in David Olson and Nancy Torrance (eds.), Modes of Thought: Explorations in Culture and Cognition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), especially pp. 72–3.
113. Louis Dumont, Essays on Individualism: Modern Ideology in Anthropological Perspective (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992).
114. Roland Barthes, “The Eiffel Tower” in A Roland Barthes Reader (London: Vintage Classics,1993), pp. 242–3.
115. Albert Schweitzer, The Quest of the Historical Jesus, John Bowden (trans. and ed.) (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2001).
116. Gerd Theissen and Annette Merz, The Historical Jesus: A Comprehensive Guide, John Bowden (trans.) (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1998).
117. David Flusser, Jesus (Jerusalem: The Hebrew University Magnes Press, 1998).
118. R. G. Collingwood, The Idea of History (London: Oxford University Press, 1967), p. 319.
119. Leo Marx’s The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1967).
120. Yael Zerubavel, “The Desert and the Settlement as Symbolic Landscapes in Modern Israel” in Julia Brauch, Anna Lipphardt, and Alexandra Nocke (eds.), Jewish Topographies: Visions of Space, Traditions of Place Heritage, Culture and Identity Series (London: Ashgate Press, 2008), pp. 201–22.
121. Don Handelman and Elihu Katz’s “Sequencing the National: Opening Remembrance Day and Independence Day,” in Don Handelman (ed.), Nationalism and the Israeli State: Bureaucratic Logic in Public Events (Oxford: Berg, 2004), pp. 119–42.
122. Magen Broshi, Bread, Wine, Walls and Scrolls (New York: Shefi eld Academic Press, 2001).
123. Yaron Ezrahi’s “The Jansen Controversy: A Study in the Ethics and Politics of Knowledge in Democracy,” in Charles Frankel (ed.), Controversies and Decisions: The Social Sciences and Public Policy (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1976), pp. 149–70.
124. Clifford Geertz, Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980), p. 136.
125. Geoffrey Lloyd’s “Science and Antiquity: The Greek and Chinese Cases and their Relevance to the Problems of Culture and Cognition” in David R. Olson and Nancy Torrance (eds.), Modes of Thought: Explorations in Culture and Cognition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
126. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Harvey C. Mansi eld and Delba Winthrop (trans. and ed.) (first pub. 1835; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002), pp. 433–9, 459.
127. David R. Olson, “Introduction” in Modes of Thought, pp. 1–6.
128. S. N. Eisenstadt, Political Theory in Search of the Political (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2007).
129. S. N. Eisenstadt, “Multiple Modernities,” Daedalus (Winter 2000): 11–14, 23.
130. Daniel Heller-Roazen, “Common Sense: Greek, Arabic and Latin” in Stephen G. Nichols, Andreas Kablitz, and Alison Calhoun (eds.), Rethinking Medieval Senses: Heritage, Fascinations, Frames (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008).
131. Daniel Heller-Roazen, The Inner Touch: Archeology of a Sensation (Brooklyn, NY: Zone Books, 2007).
132. Ibn Khaldun, The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History, Franz Rosenthal (trans.) and N. J. Dawood (ed.) (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967), p. 76.
133. Jacques Le Goff, The Medieval Imagination (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988), p. 1.
134. Edmund Morgan, Inventing the People: The Rise of Popular Sovereignty in England and America (New York: W.W. Norton, 1988), pp. 14–15.
135. Charles Taylor, “Modern Social Imaginaries,” Public Culture vol. 14, no. 1 (Winter 2002): 91–124.
136. Yaron Ezrahi’s “Einstein’s Unintended Legacy: The Critique of Common-Sense Realism and Post-Modern Politics” in Gerald Holton, Peter Galison, and Silvan Schweber (eds.), Einstein for the 21st Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008).
137. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Michael Oakeshott (ed.) (New York: Collier, 1962), p. 57.
138. Clifford Geertz, Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology (New York: Basic Books, 1983), pp. 86–7.
139. Bruno Latour, Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004).
140. “Why has Critique Run out of Steam? From Matters of Fact to Matters of Concern,” Critical Inquiry vol. 30, no. 2 (2004).
141. Geoffrey Lloyd, “Science in Antiquity: The Greek and Chinese Cases and their Relevance to the Problem of Culture and Cognition” in David R. Olson and Nancy Torrance (eds.), Modes of Thought: Explorations in Culture and Cognition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 26.
142. Gabriel Motzkin, Time and Transcendence: Secular History, the Catholic Reaction and the Rediscovery of the Future (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992)
143. Eisenstadt, “Multiple Modernities,” Daedalus (Winter 2000).
144. Jacques Le Goff, Medieval Civilization, 400–1500 (New York: Basil Blackwell, 1988), pp. 159–61, 162–4.
145. Yaron Ezrahi’s “Science and the Modern Democratic Political Imagination” in Sheila Jasanoff (ed.), States of Knowledge: The Co-Production of Science and Social Order (London: Routledge, 2004), pp. 254–73.
146. Ernst Kantorowicz’s The King’s Two Bodies: A Study in Mediaeval Political Theology (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997).
147. Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic: Studies in Popular Beliefs in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century England (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 91.
148. Stephen L. Collins, From Divine Cosmos to Sovereign State: An Intellectual History of Consciousness and the Idea of Order in Renaissance England (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 119.
149. Fritz Heider’s The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations (New York: Wiley, 1958).
150. S. T. Allison and D. M. Messick, “The Group Attribution Error,” The Journal of Experimental Social Psychology vol. 21 (1985): 563–79.
151. E. E. Jones and V. A. Harris, “The Attribution of Attitudes,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology vol. 3, no. 1 (1967): 1–24.
152. Charles Taylor, Modern Social Imaginaries (Durham: Duke University Press, 2004).
153. Mary Poovey, A History of the Modern Fact: Problems of Knowledge in the Sciences of Wealth and Society (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998).
154. Amos Funkenstein’s Theology and the Scientific Imagination from the Middle Ages to the Seventeenth Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986), pp. 117–201.
155. Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985).
156. Simon Schaffer, “Priestley’s Questions: An Historiographic Survey,” History of Science vol. 22 (1984): 151–7.
157. David Gooding, “In Nature’s School: Faraday as an Experimentalist” in David Gooding and Frank A. J. L. James (eds.), Faraday Rediscovered: Essays on the Life and Work of Michael Faraday 1791–1867 (Basingstoke, NY: Stockton Press, 1985), pp. 105–35.
158. Mary Poovey, A History of the Modern Fact: Problems of Knowledge in the Sciences of Wealth and Society (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998).
159. Isaac Newton, Opticks, Query 31 (London, 1704).
160. Isaac Newton, Opticks, or, A Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections and Colours of Light, second edition (London: W. Bowyer,1717).
161. Peter Dear, Discipline and Experience: The Mathematical Way in the Scientific Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), p. 240.
162. Nelson Goodman, Ways of Worldmaking (Hassocks, Sussex: The Harvester Press, 1978), p. 20.
163. Sheila Jasanoff, The Fifth Branch: Science Advisers as Policy Makers (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990).
164. Charles E. Lindblom, Inquiry and Change: The Troubled Attempt to Understand and Shape Society (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990).
165. Mark B. Brown, Science in Democracy: Expertise, Institutions and Representation (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009).
166. Lorraine Daston’s “Baconian Facts, Academic Civility, and the Prehistory of Objectivity” in Annals of Scholarship vol. 8, nos. 3–4 (1991): 337–64.
167. Steve Shapin, A Social History of Truth, Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994).
168. Mara Beller’s Quantum Dialogue: The Making of a Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999).
169. Lisa Jardine, Francis Bacon: Discovery and the Art of Discourse (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), p. 15.
170. Theodore M. Porter, Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995).
171. Yaron Ezrahi, “Science and the Problem of Authority in Democracy” in Thomas F. Gieryn (ed.), Science and Social Structure: A Festschrift for Robert Merton Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, series II, vol. 39 (New York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences, 1980), pp. 43–60.
172. Steven Shapin, A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994).
173. Douglas John Casson, Liberating Judgment: Fanatics, Skeptics, and John Locke’s Politics of Probability (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011).
174. James Tully, An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
175. William Pietz, “The Problem of Fetish, II: The Origin of the Fetish,” RES vol. 13 (Spring 1987): 23–45.
176. Jelle C. Riemersma, Religious Factors in Early Dutch Capitalism 1550–1650 (The Hague: Mouton, 1967), pp. 55–7.
177. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Harvey C. Mansi eld and Delba Winthrop (trans. and ed.) (first pub. 1835; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002), pp. 403–7.
178. Yaron Ezrahi, “Science and the Problem of Authority in Democracy” in Thomas F. Gieryn (ed.), Science and Social Structure: A Festschrift for Robert Merton Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, series II, vol. 39 (New York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences, 1980), pp. 43–60.
179. Michael Polanyi, Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1982).
180. Ulrich Beck, Risk Society: Towardsb a New Modernity, Mark Ritter (trans.) (London: SAGE Publications, 1992).
181. Daniel Kahneman’s Thinking, Fast and Slow (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011).
182. Charlotte Linde, “Explanatory Systems in Oral Life Stories” in Dorothy Holland and Naomi Quinn (eds.), Cultural Models in Language and Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), pp. 350, 362–3.
183. Stephen C. Pepper, World Hypotheses: A Study in Evidence (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1942), especially pp. 39–70.
184. Yaron Ezrahi’s “Einstein and the Light of Reason” in Gerald Holton and Yehuda Elkana (eds.), Albert Einstein: Historical and Cultural Perspectives – The Centennial Symposium in Jerusalem (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982), pp. 253–78.
185. Yaron Ezrahi’s “The Jensen Controversy: A Study in the Ethics and Politics of Knowledge in Democracy” in Charles Frankel (ed.), Controversies and Decisions (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1976), pp. 149–70.
186. D’Andrade, “Some Propositions About the Relationship Between Culture and Human Cognition” in J. W. Stigler, R. A. Shweder, and G. Herdt (eds.), Cultural Psychology: Essays on Comparative Human Development (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 93.
187. D’Andrade, “A Folk Model of the Mind” in Dorothy Holland and Naomi Quinn (eds.), Cultural Models in Language and Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), p. 118.
188. Richard P. Feynman, The Pleasure of Finding Things Out: The Best Short Works of Richard P. Feynman (London: Penguin, 1999), pp. 151–69.
189. Recall Vico’s “All the principles of metaphysics, logic, and ethics originated in the public square in Athens” in New Science (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1999), 1043.
190. Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, Conor Cruise O’Brien (ed.) (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1969), p. 171.
191. Ruth Katz and Ruth HaCohen (eds.), The Arts in Mind. Pioneering Texts of a Coterie of British Men of Letters (New Brunswick: Transaction, 2003).
192. Carl Dahlhaus, Realism in Nineteenth-Century Music, Mary Whittall (trans.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp. 60–1.
193. David Erdman (ed.), The Complete Poetry and Prose of William Blake (New York: Anchor Press, 1982), p. 207.
194. Jonas Barish, The Antitheatrical Prejudice (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981).
195. Peter Womack, “Imagining Communities: Theatres and the English Nation in the Sixteenth Century” in David Aers (ed.), Culture and History 1350–1600: Essays on English Communities, Identities and Writing (New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1992), pp. 98–9.
196. Stephen Greenblatt, Shakespearean Negotiations: The Circulation of Social Energy in Renaissance England (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988), pp. 94–128.
197. Beat Wyss, “ Ragnarök of Illusion: Richard Wagner’s ‘Mystical Abyss’ at Bayreuth” October vol. 54 (1990): 57–78.
198. Yaron Ezrahi, “Words and Works in the Social Iconography of Scientii c Knowledge: A Study in Science as a Cultural System.” (Unpublished manuscript, Jerusalem, 1976).
199. Jeffrey Merrick: “The Body Politics of French Absolutism” in Sara E. Melzer and Kathryn Norberg (eds.), From the Royal to the Republican Body: Incorporating the Political in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century France (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), pp. 17–18.
200. Yaron Ezrahi, The Descent of Icarus: Science and the Transformation of Contemporary Democracy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990), pp. 71–3, 108–11.
201. Stephen Orgel’s The Illusion of Power: Political Theater in the English Renaissance (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975).
202. Mervyn James, Society, Politics and Culture: Studies in Early Modern England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986); see especially pp. 1–47.
203. Sarah Beckwith, “Ritual, Church and Theatre: Medieval Dramas of the Sacramental Body” in David Aers (ed.), Culture and History 1350–1600: Essays on English Communities, Identities and Writing (New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1992), pp. 65–89.
204. Thomas Paine, “The Rights of Man” in Michel Foot and Isaac Kramnick (eds.), Thomas Paine Reader (Harmondsworth: Penguin Classics, 1987), p. 214.
205. Judith N. Shklar and Stanley Hoffmann (eds.), Political Thought and Political Thinkers (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), pp. 132–3.
206. Yaron Ezrahi, “The Distribution and Redistribution of Political Reflexivity in Contemporary Democracies,” in T. M. Evans and D. Handelman (eds.), Reflecting upon Rel exivity forthcoming.
207. Walter Benjamin’s “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” in Hannah Arendt (ed.), Harry Zohn (trans.) Illuminations (New York: Schocken, 1969), especially pp. 241–2.
208. Garry Wills, Reagan’s America: Innocents at Home (New York: Doubleday & Company, 1987).
209. Martin Heidegger, “The Age of the World View,” Measure vol. 2 (Summer 1951): 277–9, 282.
210. Friedrich Nietzsche, The Gay Science (Leipzig: E. W. Fritzsch Verlag 1887), p. 121.
211. Walter Ullmann, Medieval Foundations of Renaissance Humanism (London: Paul Elek, 1977).
212. Alexis De Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Harvey C. Mansi eld and Delba Winthrop (trans. edit. intro.) (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2000) vol. 2, ch. 20 pp. 469–72.
213. Josiah Ober, Athenian Legacies: Essays on the Politics of Going On Together (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005), pp. 212–27.
214. Andrew Hadield, Shakespeare and Republicanism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 154–83.
215. Sheldon S. Wolin, “Norm and Form: The Constitutionalizing of Democracy” in J. Peter Euben, John R. Wallach, and Josiah Ober (eds.), Athenian Political Thought and the Reconstruction of American Democracy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994), p. 35.
216. Seyla Benhabib, The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents and Citizens (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
217. Paul Friedland, Political Actors: Representative Bodies and Theatricality in the Age of the French Revolution (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003).
218. Maximilien Robespierre, Virtue and Terror, Slavoj Ž i ž ek (intro.), Jean Ducange (ed.), John Howe (trans.) (London: Verso, 2007).
219. Elaine Scarry, The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 27.
220. Claude Lefort, Democracy and Political Theory, David Macey (trans.) (Oxford: Polity Press, 1988), p. 83
221. John Walter, Understanding Popular Violence in the English Revolution: The Colchester Plunderers (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 342.
222. J. M. Thompson’s English Witnesses of the French Revolution (first pub. 1815; Oxford: Blackwell, 1935).
223. Giorgio Agamben, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, Daniel Heller-Roazen (trans.), (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998).
224. Lords of the Land: The War Over Israel’s Settlements in the Occupied Territories, 1967–2007, Idith Zertal and Akiva Eldar (eds.), (New York: Nation Books, 2007).
225. Yaron Ezrahi “The Impact of the Occupation on the Israeli Democracy” in Daniel Bar-Tal and I. Schnell (eds.), Impacts of Occupation on Occupiers: Lessons from the Israeli Occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip (Oxford: Oxford University Press, forthcoming).
226. Walter Benjamin, Rel ections: Essays, Aphorisms, Autobiographical Writings, P. Demetz (ed.), E. Jephcott (trans.) (New York: Harvest/ HBJ, 1978), pp. 286, 277–300.
227. Alexander Yakobson, “The Roman People, the System and the Elite – Continuing Debate,” quoted from an English version by the author of “Il popolo Romano, il sistema e ‘l’ é lite’: il dibattito continua,” Studi Storici 47/2 (2006): 377–93.
228. Edmund Morgan, Inventing the People: The Rise of Popular Sovereignty in England and America (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989).
229. Eric L. Santner, The Royal Remains: The People’s Two Bodies and the Endgames of Sovereignty (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2011).
230. Yaron Ezrahi, The Descent of Icarus: Science and the Transformation of Contemporary Democracy (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1990), pp. 108–17.
231. Kenneth J. Arrow, Social Choice and Individual Values (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1951)
232. W. H. Riker, Liberals against Populism (Illinois: Waveland Press, 1982).
233. John Elster and A. Hylland (eds.), Foundations of Social Choice Theory (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986).
234. Ernest Gellner, Thought and Change (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964)
235. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities (London: Verso, 1991).
236. Yaron Ezrahi, Rubber Bullets: Power and Conscience in Modem Israel (Berkeley: Berkeley University Press, 1998).
237. John Dewey, The Public and its Problems (Chicago: Swallow Press, 1954), p. 125.
238. Yaron Ezrahi’s “Dewey’s Critique of Democratic Visual Culture and its Political Implications” in David Michael Levin (ed.), Sites of Vision: The Discursive Construction of Sight in the History of Philosophy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997), pp. 315–36.
239. Edward Muir, Ritual in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 273.
240. Don Handelman, Models and Mirrors: Towards an Anthropology of Public Events (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. xxvii, 10–11.
241. Pierre Rosanvallon, Democratic Legitimacy: Impartiality, Reflexivity and Proximity, Arthur Goldhammer (trans.) (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011), pp. 70–1.
242. Stephen Holmes, Benjamin Constant and the Making of Modern Liberalism (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984), pp. 96–7.
243. Albert Michotte, Perception de la Causalit é, second edition (Louvain: Publications Universitaires de Louvain, 1954).
244. Clark A. Miller, “Interrogating the Civic Epistemology of American Democracy: Stability and Instability in the 2000 US Presidential Elections,” Social Studies of Science vol. 34/4 (August 2004): 501–30.
245. Nina L. Khrushcheva’s “Russia’s New Inspector General” on Russian democracy in the age of Putin, New York Times, August 10, 2007.
246. Yaron Ezrahi’s “The Theatrics and Mechanics of Action: The Theater and the Machine as Political Metaphors,” Social Research vol. 62, no. 2 (Summer 1995): 299–322.
247. Mark B. Brown, Science in Democracy: Expertise, Institutions, and Representation (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009).
248. Seyla Benhabib, Situating the Self: Gender, Community, and Postmodernism in Contemporary Ethics (New York: Routledge, 1992).
249. Quentin Skinner, “Hobbes and the Purely Artficial Person of the State,” The Journal of Political Philosophy, vol. 7, no. 1 (1999): 2.
250. George Kateb, “Democratic Individualism and its Critics,” Annual Review of Political Science, vol. 6 (2003): 275–6, 281.
251. George Kateb, The Inner Ocean: Individualism and Democratic Culture (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992).
252. Eric L. Santner’s The Royal Remains: The People’s Two Bodies and the Endgames of Sovereignty (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011).
253. Ezrahi, Rubber Bullets: Power and Conscience in Modern Israel (Berkeley: Berkeley University Press, 1998).
254. Yair Lorberbaum, Image of God: Halacha and Agada, in Hebrew (Tel-Aviv: Schocken, 2004)
255. Charles Edward Trinkaus, In Our Image and Likeness: Humanity and Divinity in Italian Humanist Thought (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970).
256. Jonathan Garb, Manifestations of Power in Jewish Mysticism from Rabbinic Literature to Safedian Kabbalah, in Hebrew (Jerusalem: Hebrew University Magnes Press, 2005), p. 264.
257. Moshe Idel, Golem: Jewish Magical and Mystical Traditions on the Artii cial Anthropoid (Albany: State University of New York Press,1990).
258. Frances A. Yates, The Occult Philosophy in the Elizabethan Age (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979).
259. Jonathan Garb, The Chosen will Become Herds: Studies in Twentieth-Century Kabbalah, Yaffah Berkovits-Murciano (trans.) (Jerusalem: Shalom Hartman Institute and Carmel, 2005), p. 75.
260. Emily D. Bilski, Golem! Danger, Deliverance and Art (New York: The Jewish Museum, 1988).
261. Bernard Williams, Shame and Necessity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), pp. 64–5.
262. Jean-Pierre Vernant, “The Individual Within the City State” in Froma I. Zeitlin (ed.), Mortals and Immortals, Collected Essays (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991), pp. 318–33.
263. Bernard Groethuysen, Anthropologie Philosophique, 2nd ed. (Paris: Gallimard, 1980), p. 61.
264. Peter Brown, Augustine of Hippo: A Biography (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969)
265. The Making of Late Antiquity (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982).
266. Ruth HaCohen, “The Dramaturgy of Religious Emotions in Bach’s Cantatas: Aristotelian Processes in Neoplatonic Frames,” Understanding Bach 4 (2009).
267. Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1984).
268. Michael J. Sandel, Democracy’s Discontent: America in Search of a Public Philosophy (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996).
269. John Freccero, “Autobiography and Narrative” in T. C. Heller, Morton Sosna, and David E. Wellbery (eds.), Reconstructing Individualism: Autonomy, Individuality, and the Self in Western Thought (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988), p. 16.
270. Carl Schmitt, The Concept of the Political, George Schwab (trans.) (i rst pub. Germany 1932; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), p. 61.
271. Michael Walzer, Politics and Passion: Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), p. 154.
272. Claude Lefort, Democracy and Political Theory, David Macey (trans.), (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1988), pp. 41, 179–80.
273. Chantal Mouffe, The Democratic Paradox (London: Verso, 2000)
274. Ernesto Laclau, On Populist Reason (London: Verso, 2005).
275. Slavoj Žižek and Ernesto Laclau in Critical Inquiry, vol. 32, no. 3 (Spring 2006).
276. Yaron Ezrahi, Zohar Goshen, and Shmuel Leshem, Cross Ownership: Control and Competition in the Israeli Media: Economic and Legal Aspects and the Impact on Israeli Democracy, in Hebrew (Jerusalem: The Israeli Democracy Institute, 2003), pp. 24–7.
277. Clifford Geertz’s Available Light: Anthropological Rel ections on Philosophical Topics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), especially pp. 218–63.
278. Louis Dumont, Essays on Individualism: Modern Ideology in Anthropological Perspective (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), pp. 51–3, 59.
279. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Michael Oakeshott (ed.) (New York: Collier, 1962), p. 131.
280. Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985).
281. Steven Shapin, A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994).
282. Michael Polanyi, “The Republic of Science” in Minerva vol. 1 (Autumn 1962): 54–73.
283. Yves Charles Zarka, “The Invention of the Subject of the Law,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy, vol. 7, no. 2 (1999): 246.
284. Douglas John Casson, Liberating Judgment: Fanatics, Skeptics, and John Locke’s Politics of Probability (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011), pp. 235–7, 253.
285. Dana Blander, Ambivalence as a Challenge to the Political Order, unpublished doctoral thesis (Jerusalem: The Hebrew University, 2007).
286. John Locke in Two Treatises of Government, Peter Laslett (ed.), second edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967), p. 102.
287. Ezrahi, Descent of Icarus: Science and the Transformation of Contemporary Democracy (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1990).
288. Gordon S. Wood, “Conspiracy and the Paranoid Style: Causality and Deceit in the Eighteenth Century” in The William and Mary Quarterly, series III, 39 (July 1982): 401–41.
289. Carl Schmitt, The Concept of the Political, G. Schwab (trans.) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996).
290. John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, First Treatise, chapter III, § 24.
291. Yaron Ezrahi, “Science and the Problem of Authority in Democracy” in Thomas F. Gieryn (ed.), Science and Social Structure: A Festschrift for Robert Merton Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, series II, vol. 39 (New York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences, 1980), pp. 43–60.
292. Keith M. Baker; Condorcet from Natural Philosophy to Social Mathematics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976).
293. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, On the Origin of Language, J. H Moran and A. Gode (eds.) (first pub. 1753; New York: Fredrick Ungar, 1966), pp. 3–83.
294. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Émile, B. Foxley (trans.) (first pub. 1762; Dutton, New York: Everyman’s Library, 1977), p. 49.
295. John Dewey, The Quest for Certainty: A Study in the Relation of Knowledge and Action (New York: Capricorn Books, 1960), p. 23.
296. Yaron Ezrahi, “Dewey’s Critique of Democratic Visual Culture” in David Michael Levin (ed.), Sites of Vision: The Discursive Construction of Sight in the History of Philosophy (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997), pp. 315–36.
297. F. W. Maitland’s Introduction to Political Theories of the Middle Ages by Otto Gierke, F. W. Maitland (trans.), (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1927).
298. Maitland, Selected Essays. H. D. Hazeltine, G. Lapsley, and P. H. Wini eld (eds.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936).
299. Theodore M. Porter, The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820–1900 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986).
300. Meir Dan-Cohen, Rights, Persons, and Organizations: A Legal Theory for Bureaucratic Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986).
301. Katsuhito Iwai, “Persons, Things and Corporations: The Corporate Personality Controversy and Comparative Corporate Governance,” The American Journal of Comparative Law, vol. 47 (1999): 583–632.
302. “What We Talk About When We Talk About Persons: The Language of a Legal Fiction.” Harvard Law Review vol. 114, no. 6 (April 2001): 1760.
303. EAnn Matter, The Voice of My Beloved: The Song of Songs in Western Medieval Christianity (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990).
304. Louis Dumont, Essays on Individualism: Modern Ideology in Anthropological Perspective (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), pp. 113–79.
305. Gilles Deleuze, Essays Critical and Clinical, D. W. Smith and M. A. Greco (trans.) (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993), p. 56.
306. Michael J. Sandel, Democracy’s Discontent: America in Search of a Public Philosophy (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996).
307. Mabel Berezin, Making The Fascist Self: The Political Culture of Interwar Italy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997), p. 41.
308. Benito Mussolini, “The Doctrine of Fascism,” from the English translation of the text in Encyclopedia Italiana, vol. XIV, in Fascism and World-Power (London: Alexander Maclehose & Co., 1933).
309. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Harvey C. Mansfield and Delba Winthrop (trans. and ed.) (first pub. 1835; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002), p. 117.
310. Keith Michael Baker, Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French Political Culture in the Eighteenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 193.
311. Robert Darnton, The Literary Underground of the Old Regime (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982).
312. Paul Friedland, Political Actors: Representative Bodies and Theatricality in the Age of the French Revolution (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003), pp. 105–6.
313. Yaron Ezrahi, “The Theatrics and Mechanics of Action: The Theatre and the Machine as Political Metaphors,” Social Research vol. 62, no. 2 (Summer 1995): 299–322.
314. Marc Shell, Money, Language, and Thought: Literary and Philosophic Economies from the Medieval to the Modern Era (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982), p. 105.
315. Bernard Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees, Phillip Harth (ed.) (Harmondsworth: Penguin,1970).
316. Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell, 1776).
317. Albert O. Hirschman, The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism Before its Triumph (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997).
318. Michael Kammen, A Machine that Would Go of Itself: The Constitution in American Culture (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986).
319. Edward C. Banfield and Laura F. Banfield, The Moral Basis of a Backward Society (New York: The Free Press, 1967).
320. Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno, Dialectics of Enlightenment: Philosophical Fragments, Gunzelin Schmid Noerr (ed.), Edmund Jephcott (trans.) (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002).
321. Michael Lowy, Redemption and Utopia (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992).
322. Hanna Fenichel Pitkin’s The Concept of Representation (Berkeley: University of California, 1967).
323. Joseph Schumpeter’s Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (London: Allen & Unwin, 1976).
324. Ruth W. Grant and Robert O. Keohane, “Accountability and Abuses of Power in World Politics” in American Political Science Review, vol. 99, no. 1 (Feb. 2005): 29–43.
325. James Scott, Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998).
326. Ezrahi’s Descent of Icarus; and Theodore M. Porter, Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995).
327. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Michael Oakeshott (ed.), (New York: Collier, 1962), pp. 217–19.
328. John Dunn, Democracy: A History (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2005), pp. 134, 160.
329. Anthony Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York: Harper, 1957).
330. Don Handelman, Nationalism and the Israeli State: Bureaucratic Logic in Public Events (Oxford: Berg, 2004).
331. Roger Berkowitz, The Gift of Science: Leibnitz and the Modern Legal Tradition (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005), p. xiii.
332. Ruth Padel’s In and Out of the Mind: Greek Images of the Tragic Self (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992).
333. Erich Auerbach, Dante: Poet of the Secular World, Ralph Manheim (trans.) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961), p. 14.
334. Stephen Greenblatt, Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980), p. 252.
335. Lionel Trilling’s Sincerity and Authenticity (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972).
336. Yaron Ezrahi, “The Theatrics and Mechanics of Action: The Theatre and the Machine as Political Metaphors,” Social Research vol. 62, no.2 (Summer 1995): 299–322.
337. Geoffrey Hartman, Scars of the Spirit: The Struggle Against Inauthenticity (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002).
338. Judith N. Shklar, Ordinary Vices (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984).
339. Anthony J. Cascardi, The Subject of Modernity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
340. George Kubler’s Building the Escorial (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982).
341. Ian Watt, Myths of Modern Individualism: Faust, Don Quixote, Don Juan, Robinson Crusoe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. III.
342. Ian Watt, The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957.
343. Svetlana Alpers, The Art of Describing: Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983).
344. Norman Bryson, Looking at the Overlooked: Four Essays on Still Life Painting (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990).
345. Linda Nochlin, Realism: Style and Civilization (New York: Penguin, 1976)
346. Carl Dahlhaus, Realism in Nineteenth-Century Music, Mary Whittall (trans.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985).
347. Pam Morris, Realism: The New Critical Idiom (London: Routledge, 2003).
348. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Confessions, J. M. Cohen (trans.) (Harmondsworth: Penguin 1975), p. 17.
349. Jean Starobinsky, Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Transparency and Obstruction, Arthur Goldhammer (trans.) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971).
350. Albert O. Hirschman, The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before its Triumph (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997).
351. Victor Stoichita, The Self-Aware Image: An Insight into Early Modern Meta-Painting (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
352. Joseph Leo Koerner, The Moment of Self-Portraiture in German Renaissance Art (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), p. 37.
353. H. Perry Chapman, Rembrandt’s Self-Portraits: A Study in Seventeenth-Century Identity (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990), pp. 25–31.
354. “Between Noise and Harmony: The Oratorical Moment in the Musical Entanglements of Jews and Christians,” Critical Inquiry vol. 32, no. 2 (Winter 2006): 251–6.
355. “The Music of Sympathy in the Arts of the Baroque Or the Use of Difference to Overcome Indifference,” Poetics Today vol. 22, no. 3 (Fall 2001): 607–50.
356. Reinhard Strohm, “Aria and Recitative from the Beginnings to the Nineteenth Century,” in J. J. Nattiez (ed.), Enciclopedia della Musica, vol. 4 (Turin: Einaudi, 2004), pp. 416–29.
357. Ruth Katz and Ruth HaCohen, Tuning The Mind: Connecting Aesthetics to Cognitive Science (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2003), p. 86.
358. Leo Spitzer, Classical and Christian Ideas of World Harmony: Prolegomena to the Interpretation of the Word “Stimmung, ”, A. G. Hatcher (ed.), (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1963), pp. 8–9.
359. Ruth HaCohen, “Between Noise and Harmony,” pp. 250–77.
360. Stephen L. Collins, From Divine Cosmos to Sovereign State: An Intellectual History of Consciousness and the Idea of Order in Renaissance England (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989).
361. Victor Zuckerkandl, Sound and Symbol: Music and the External World, Willard R. Trask (trans.), (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1956).
362. Carl Dahlhaus’ Between Romanticism and Modernism, Mary Whittall (trans.) (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989).
363. Paul Friedland, Political Actors: Representative Bodies and Theatricality in the Age of the French Revolution (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003), pp. 86–9.
364. James H. Johnson, Listening in Paris: A Cultural History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995).
365. Jeffrey S. Ravel, The Contested Parterre: Public Theater and French Political Culture 1680–1791 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999).
366. Friedland, Political Actors; Guy Debord, The Society of the Spectacle, Donald Nicholson-Smith (trans.) (New York: Zone Books, 1995).
367. J. B. Allcock (ed.), J. C. Whitehouse (trans.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), p. 68.
368. David E. Rowe and Robert Schulman, Einstein on Politics: His Private Thoughts and Public Stands on Nationalism, Zionism, War, Peace, and the Bomb (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), p. 132.
369. Josiah Ober’s Democracy and Knowledge: Innovation and Learning in Classical Athens (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010).
370. Quentin Skinner, Reason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Hobbes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 426.
371. Yaron Ezrahi, “Science and the Problem of Authority in Democracy” in Thomas F. Gieryn (ed.), Science and Social Structure: A Festschrift for Robert K. Merton: Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, series II, vol. 39 (New York: New York Academy of Sciences 1980).
372. Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985).
373. Ian Hacking, The Emergence of Probability: A Philosophical Study of Early Ideas About Probability, Induction and Statistical Inference (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975).
374. Martin Heidegger, “The Age of the World Picture” in The Question Concerning Technology and other Essays, William Lovitt (ed.) (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1977), § 115–54.
375. Friedrich Nietzsche’s The Will to Power, Walter Kaufmann (ed.), Walter Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale (trans.) (New York: Vintage Books, 1968), pp. 472, 477, 479.
376. Yaron Ezrahi, Words and Works in the Social Iconography of Scientific Knowledge: A Study in Science as a Cultural System (Jerusalem: unpublished manuscript, 1976).
377. David Layton, Science for the People: The Origins of the School Science Curriculum in England (London: Allen & Unwin, 1973).
378. Ian Hacking, The Emergence of Probability (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985).
379. A. C. Crombie, Medieval And Early Modern Science, vol. II, second edition (Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1959), p. 203.
380. Douglas John Casson, Liberating Judgment: Fanatics, Skeptics, and John Locke’s Politics of Probability (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011), p. 116.
381. Lee J. Cronbach, “Five Decades of Public Controversy Over Mental Testing” and Yaron Ezrahi, “The Jensen Controversy: A Study in the Ethics and Politics of Knowledge in Democracy” in Charles Frankel (ed.), Controversies and Decisions (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1976), pp. 123–70.
382. H. L. A. Hart and A. M. Honoré, Causation and the Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973), p. 33.
383. Alan G. Gross, The Rhetoric of Science (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990), p. 207.
384. Richard Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979).
385. Friedrich Nietzsche, “On Truth and Lies in an Extra-Moral Sense” (1873) in Walter Kaufmann (ed. and trans.) The Portable Nietzsche (New York: Penguin, 1976), pp. 46–7.
386. Paul R. Gross and Norman Levitt, Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and its Quarrels with Science (Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press, 1994), pp. 70–3.
387. Jonathan Crary, Techniques of the Observer: On Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990), pp. 59, 69.
388. Alan Trachtenberg (ed.), Classic Essays on Photography (New Haven: Leete’s Island Books, 1980).
389. Yaron Ezrahi, The Descent of Icarus: Science and the Transformation of Contemporary Democracy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990)
390. James C. Scott, Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998).
391. André Bazin, “The Ontology of the Photographic Image” in Trachtenberg (1980), p. 241.
392. Roland Barthes, Camera Lucida: Rel ections on Photography, Richard Howard (trans.) (New York: Hill and Wang, 1981), p. 76.
393. Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, “Photography” in Trachtenberg (1980), p. 166.
394. Bill Nichols, Representing Reality: Issues and Concepts in Documentary (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1991), pp. 165–6.
395. Carl Dahlhaus, Realism in Nineteenth-Century Music, p. 53.
396. Michael Fried, Absorption and Theatricality: Painting and Beholder in the Age of Diderot (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980).
397. Bazin, “The Ontology of the Photographic Image” in Alan Trachtenberg (ed.), Classic Essays on Photography (New Haven: Leete’s Island Books, 1980), pp. 237–8.
398. Nicolas Poussin’s painting Landscape with a Man Killed by a Snake and T. J. Clark’s meditations on this painting in his The Sight of Death: An Experiment in Art Writing (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006).
399. Ruth HaCohen, “Intricate Temporalities: The Transi guration of Proper and ‘Improper’ Sounds from Christian to Jewish Environments” in Tyrus Miller (ed.), Given World and Time: Temporalities in Context (Budapest: Central European University Press,2008).
400. Michael Fried, “Barthes’s Punctum” in Critical Inquiry (Spring 2005): 545.
401. Michael Fried’s Absorption and Theatricality; Courbet’s Realism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990).
402. Manet’s Modernism or the Face of Painting in the 1860s (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998).
403. Nichols’ Representing Reality, pp. 201–28.
404. Robert Hughes, American Visions: The Epic History of Art in America (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997).
405. Yeshayahu Nir, History of Photography in the Holy Land between 1839 and 1899 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986).
406. Martin Heidegger, The Question Concerning Technology and other Essays, William Lovitt (trans.) (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1977), § 132.
407. William M. Ivins, Jr., Prints and Visual Communications (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1953).
408. Jonathan Crary, Suspensions of Perception: Attention, Spectacle, and Modern Culture (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001).
409. Jenny Slatman, “Tele-Vision: Between Blind Trust and Perceptual Faith” in Hent De Vries and Samuel Weber (eds.), Religion and Media (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001), p. 216.
410. Gilles Deleuze, Cinema 1: Movement-Image, Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam (trans.) (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986), p. 218.
411. Luc Boltanski, Distant Suffering, Morality, Media and Politics, Graham Burchell (trans.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 23.
412. William C. Wees, Light Moving in Time: Studies in the Visual Aesthetics of Avant-Garde Film (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992).
413. Charles E. Lindblom, Inquiry and Change: The Troubled Attempt to Understand and Shape Society (New Haven: Yale University Press and New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1990).
414. Hans Belting’s The End of the History of Art? Christopher S. Wood (trans.), (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987).
415. Laurence A. Rickels’ interview by Samuel Weber in “Theory on TV: ‘After Thoughts,’” in Hent De Vries and Samuel Weber (eds.), Religion and Media (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001), p. 95.
416. Gianni Vattimo’s “The Trace of the Trace” in Jacques Derrida and Gianni Vattimo (eds.), Religion David Webb (trans.) (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1988), p. 89.
417. Jim Dawson, Physics Today (August 2004): 25.
418. José Casanova’s observations on the rise of public religion in Religion and Democracy in Contemporary Europe, Gabriel Motzkin and Yochi Fischer (eds.) (Jerusalem: Van Leer/Alliance Publishing Trust, 2007).
419. Edwin Arthur Burtt, The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Physical Science (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1954).
420. Frank E. Manuel, The Religion of Isaac Newton (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974).
421. Jacques Derrida’s “Faith and Knowledge: The Two Sources of ‘Religion’ at the Limits of Reason Alone,” in Jacques Derrida and Gianni Vattimo (eds.), Religion (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998), p. 28.
422. Jacques Derrida, “Above All No Journalists,” in Hent De Vries and Samuel Weber (eds.), Religion and Media (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001), p. 58.
423. Sheila Jasanoff, Designs on Nature: Science and Democracy in Europe and the United States (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005).
424. Mara Beller, “The Sokal Hoax: At Whom are We Laughing?” in Physics Today, vol. 51, no. 9 (September 1998).
425. Yehuda Elkana, “A Programmatic Attempt at an Anthropology of Knowledge” in Everett Mendelsohn and Yehuda Elkana (eds.), Sciences and Cultures: Anthropological and Historical Studies of the Sciences, Sociology of the Sciences, vol. V (Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1981).
426. Homi K. Bhabha, The Location of Culture (London: Routledge, 2006) p. 7
427. E. Renan “What is a Nation?” in Homi K. Bhabha (ed.), Nation and Narration (London: Routledge, 1990), p. 19.
428. Ian Hacking makes some cogent observations on historical opportunities of choice in his Historical Ontology (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002), pp. 1–26.
429. Richard Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (Princeton: Princeton University Press,1979).
430. Yaron Ezrahi: “Science and Utopia in Late 20th Century Pluralist Democracy” in E. Mendelsohn and H. Nowotny (eds.), Nineteen Eighty Four: Science between Utopia and Dystopia (Dordrecht, NL: Reidel, 1984) Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook, pp. 273–90.
431. David N. Rodowick, The Virtual Life of Film (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007).
432. Christopher Rowe and Malcolm Schofield (eds.), The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 140–1.
433. Baruch Spinoza: Theological-Political Treatise, Samuel Shirley (trans.), second edition (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 2001), Chapter 14 [176].
434. Leo Strauss, Spinoza’s Critique of Religion (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997).
435. Shlomo Pines, Studies in the History of Jewish Philosophy: The Transmission of Texts and Ideas (Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 1977), pp. 306–49.
436. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Michael Oakeshott (ed.) (New York: Collier, 1962), p. 168.
437. Yaron Ezrahi’s “The Authority of Science in Politics” in Arnold Thackeray and Everett Mendelsohn (eds.), Science and Values: Patterns of Tradition and Change (New York: Humanities Press, 1974), p. 229.
438. Karen S. Feldman, “Conscience and the Concealments of Metaphor in Hobbes’s Leviathan ” in Philosophy and Rhetoric, vol. 34, no. 1 (2001): 27.
439. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract and Discourses, G. D. H. Cole (trans.) (New York: E. P. Dutton and Co., 1950), p. 139.
440. Judith N. Shklar, The Faces of Injustice (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990), pp. 51–82.
441. Elihu Katz and Daniel Dayan, Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992).
442. Richard J. Bernstein, The Abuse of Evil: The Corruption of Politics and Religion Since 9/11 (Cambridge: Polity, 2005).
443. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998).
444. Bernard Lewis, What Went Wrong? Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002).
445. Nita Schechet, Disenthralling Ourselves: Rhetoric of Revenge and Reconciliation in Contemporary Israel (Madison and Teaneck: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2009).
446. Charles Taylor, Modern Social Imaginaries (Durham: Duke University Press, 2004).
447. Gilles Deleuze, Essays Critical and Clinical, D. W. Smith and M. A. Greco (trans. and eds.), (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997), p. xxix.
448. Seyla Benhabib, The Situated Self: Gender, Community and Postmodernism in Contemporary Ethics (New York: Routledge, 1992), pp. 2010–19.
449. Stephen Mulhall and Adam Swift (eds.), Liberals and Communitarians, second edition (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000).
450. Michael Walzer, Politics and Passion: Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), p. 148.
451. Émile Durkheim, Pragmatism and Sociology, J. B. Alcock (ed.), C. Whitehouse (trans.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), pp. 89–91.
452. D. F. Pocock (trans.) (Glencoe: Free Press, 1953), pp. 96–7.
453. Edward Tiryakian, Sociologism and Existentialism: Two Perspectives on the Individual and Society (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1962), pp. 54–60.
454. William E. Connolly, “Evil and the Imagination of Wholeness” in Austin Sarat and Dana R. Villa (eds.), Liberal Modernism and Democratic Individuality (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), pp. 123–4.
455. Michael J. Sandel, Democracy’s Discontent: America in Search of a Public Philosophy (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996), pp. 202, 205, 350.
456. Amartya Sen, Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny (London: Penguin Books, 2006), p. 5.
457. Stephen Toulmin, Cosmopolis: The Hidden Agenda of Modernity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990).