메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-259

What is intelligence?: Beyond the flynn effect

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84923626072     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511605253     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (575)

References (200)
  • 2
    • 0003430233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 10th edn. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation
    • American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) (2002). Mental retardation: Definition, classification, and systems of support, 10th edn. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation.
    • (2002) Mental retardation: Definition, classification, and systems of support
  • 4
    • 84965644347 scopus 로고
    • Psychometric evidence of intellectual growth spurts in early adolecence
    • Andrich, D., & Styles, I. (1994). Psychometric evidence of intellectual growth spurts in early adolecence. Journal of Early Adolescence, 14: 328-344.
    • (1994) Journal of Early Adolescence , vol.14 , pp. 328-344
    • Andrich, D.1    Styles, I.2
  • 5
    • 84923599564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aristotle. The citations in the text will guide the reader to the source. All editions of Aristotle, no matter what the publisher and date, have the same chapter and page numbers in the margins and those arewhat are cited herein
    • Aristotle. The citations in the text will guide the reader to the source. All editions of Aristotle, no matter what the publisher and date, have the same chapter and page numbers in the margins and those arewhat are cited herein.
  • 6
    • 0038423601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 536 U.S. 304, 122 S. CT 2242
    • Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U. S. 304, 122 S. CT 2242 (2002).
    • (2002) Atkins v. Virginia
  • 7
    • 84923587513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No. M2004-01345-CCA-R3-PD, 2005 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 1129 (Tenn
    • Black v. State, No. M2004-01345-CCA-R3-PD, 2005 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 1129 (Tenn. 2005).
    • (2005) Black v. State
  • 8
    • 33645555488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How similar are fluid cognition and general intelligence? A developmental neuroscience perspective on fluid cognition as an aspect of human cognitive ability
    • Blair, C. (2006). How similar are fluid cognition and general intelligence? A developmental neuroscience perspective on fluid cognition as an aspect of human cognitive ability. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29: 109-160.
    • (2006) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.29 , pp. 109-160
    • Blair, C.1
  • 9
    • 10844231904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risingmean IQ: Cognitive demand of mathematics education for young children, population exposure to formal schooling, and the neurology of the prefrontal cortex
    • Blair, C., Gamson, D., Thorne, S., & Baker, D. (2005). Risingmean IQ: Cognitive demand of mathematics education for young children, population exposure to formal schooling, and the neurology of the prefrontal cortex. Intelligence, 33: 93-106.
    • (2005) Intelligence , vol.33 , pp. 93-106
    • Blair, C.1    Gamson, D.2    Thorne, S.3    Baker, D.4
  • 11
    • 0346790310 scopus 로고
    • Evolution des côtes à quelques tests
    • Brussels: Belgian Armed Forces, Center for Research Into Human Traits
    • Bouvier, U. (1969). Evolution des côtes à quelques tests [Evolution of scores from several tests]. Brussels: Belgian Armed Forces, Center for Research Into Human Traits.
    • (1969) Evolution of scores from several tests
    • Bouvier, U.1
  • 12
  • 15
    • 0035556294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating concepts and tests of intelligence from the differential and developmental traditions
    • Case, R., Demetriou, A., Platsidou, M., & Katz, S. (2001). Integrating concepts and tests of intelligence from the differential and developmental traditions. Intelligence, 29: 307-336.
    • (2001) Intelligence , vol.29 , pp. 307-336
    • Case, R.1    Demetriou, A.2    Platsidou, M.3    Katz, S.4
  • 16
    • 84974884522 scopus 로고
    • The prevention of subcultural subnormality: Problems and prospects
    • Clarke, A. D. (1973). The prevention of subcultural subnormality: Problems and prospects. British Journal of Subnormality, 19: 7-20.
    • (1973) British Journal of Subnormality , vol.19 , pp. 7-20
    • Clarke, A.D.1
  • 20
    • 10844286386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The generational intelligence gains are caused by decreasing variance in the lower half of the distribution: Supporting evidence for the nutrition hypothesis
    • Colom, R., Lluis Font, J. M., & Andres-Pueyo, A. (2005). The generational intelligence gains are caused by decreasing variance in the lower half of the distribution: Supporting evidence for the nutrition hypothesis. Intelligence, 33: 83-92.
    • (2005) Intelligence , vol.33 , pp. 83-92
    • Colom, R.1    Lluis Font, J.M.2    Andres-Pueyo, A.3
  • 23
    • 0032324956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A triarchic theory of Jensenism: Persistent, conservative reductionism
    • Deary, I. J., & Crawford, J. R. (1998). A triarchic theory of Jensenism: Persistent, conservative reductionism. Intelligence, 26: 273-282.
    • (1998) Intelligence , vol.26 , pp. 273-282
    • Deary, I.J.1    Crawford, J.R.2
  • 26
    • 33645574869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Great leap forward: A new theory of intelligence
    • April 21
    • Dickens, W. T., & Flynn, J. R. (2001a). Great leap forward: A new theory of intelligence. New Scientist, April 21, 44-47.
    • (2001) New Scientist , pp. 44-47
    • Dickens, W.T.1    Flynn, J.R.2
  • 27
    • 85047681202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heritability estimates versus large environmental effects: The IQ paradox resolved
    • Dickens, W. T., & Flynn, J. R. (2001b). Heritability estimates versus large environmental effects: The IQ paradox resolved. Psychological Review, 108: 346-369.
    • (2001) Psychological Review , vol.108 , pp. 346-369
    • Dickens, W.T.1    Flynn, J.R.2
  • 28
    • 33750822435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black Americans reduce the racial IQgap: Evidence from standardization samples
    • Dickens, W. T., & Flynn, J. R. (2006). Black Americans reduce the racial IQgap: Evidence from standardization samples. Psychological Science, 17: 913-920.
    • (2006) Psychological Science , vol.17 , pp. 913-920
    • Dickens, W.T.1    Flynn, J.R.2
  • 29
    • 30344487239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-discipline outdoes IQ in predicting academic performance
    • Duckworth, A. L., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Self-discipline outdoes IQ in predicting academic performance. Psychological Science, 16: 939-944.
    • (2005) Psychological Science , vol.16 , pp. 939-944
    • Duckworth, A.L.1    Seligman, M.E.P.2
  • 30
    • 0003082703 scopus 로고
    • Does economic growth improve the human lot? Some empirical evidence
    • P.A. David & M.W. Reder (eds.), New York and London: Academic Press
    • Easterlin, R. (1974). Does economic growth improve the human lot? Some empirical evidence. In P. A. David & M. W. Reder (eds.), Nations and households in economic growth: Essays in honor of Moses Abramovitz. New York and London: Academic Press.
    • (1974) Nations and households in economic growth: Essays in honor of Moses Abramovitz
    • Easterlin, R.1
  • 31
    • 34248128709 scopus 로고
    • Will raising the incomes of all increase the happiness of all?
    • Easterlin, R. (1995). Will raising the incomes of all increase the happiness of all? Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization, 27: 35-48.
    • (1995) Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization , vol.27 , pp. 35-48
    • Easterlin, R.1
  • 32
    • 0042216792 scopus 로고
    • Changing differences in intelligence? Comparisons between groups of thirteen-year-olds tested from 1960 to 1990
    • Emanuelsson, I., Reuterberg, S.-E., & Svensson, A. (1993). Changing differences in intelligence? Comparisons between groups of thirteen-year-olds tested from 1960 to 1990. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 37: 259-277.
    • (1993) Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research , vol.37 , pp. 259-277
    • Emanuelsson, I.1    Reuterberg, S.-E.2    Svensson, A.3
  • 33
    • 84919794721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking cognitive development with the Rasch Model: Empirical evidence of growth and heterogeneity
    • X. Liu & W. Boone (eds.),. Maple Grove, MN: JAM Press
    • Endler, L. C., & Bond, T. G. (2006). Tracking cognitive development with the Rasch Model: Empirical evidence of growth and heterogeneity. In X. Liu & W. Boone (eds.), Applications of Rasch measurement in science education (pp. 74-110). Maple Grove, MN: JAM Press.
    • (2006) Applications of Rasch measurement in science education , pp. 74-110
    • Endler, L.C.1    Bond, T.G.2
  • 34
    • 84923592848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No. WR-38, 198-03, 2006 Tex. Crim., App. (Tex., Jan. 18
    • Ex parte Murphy, No. WR-38, 198-03, 2006 Tex. Crim., App. (Tex., Jan. 18, 2006).
    • (2006) Ex parte Murphy
  • 35
    • 26644459310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: Vintage Books
    • Faulks, S. (2006). Human traces. London: Vintage Books.
    • (2006) Human traces
    • Faulks, S.1
  • 36
    • 0033162865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the development of formal thought in adolescent cohorts aged 10 to 15 years (1967-1996 and 1972-1993)
    • Flieller, A. (1999). Comparison of the development of formal thought in adolescent cohorts aged 10 to 15 years (1967-1996 and 1972-1993). Developmental Psychology, 35: 1048-1058.
    • (1999) Developmental Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 1048-1058
    • Flieller, A.1
  • 37
    • 0142045798 scopus 로고
    • L'évolution du niveau intellectuel des enfants de 8 ans sur une période de 40 ans, 1944-1984
    • Flieller, A., Saintigny, N., & Schaeffer, R. (1986). L'évolution du niveau intellectuel des enfants de 8 ans sur une période de 40 ans, 1944-1984 [The evolution of the intellectual level of 8-year-old children over a period of 40 years, 1944-1984]. L'orientation scolaire et professionelle, 15: 61-83.
    • (1986) L'orientation scolaire et professionelle , vol.15 , pp. 61-83
    • Flieller, A.1    Saintigny, N.2    Schaeffer, R.3
  • 39
    • 58149369674 scopus 로고
    • The mean IQ of Americans: Massive gains 1932 to 1978
    • Flynn, J. R. (1984b). The mean IQ of Americans: Massive gains 1932 to 1978. Psychological Bulletin, 95: 29-51.
    • (1984) Psychological Bulletin , vol.95 , pp. 29-51
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 40
    • 0022381062 scopus 로고
    • Wechsler intelligence tests: Do we really have a criterion of mental retardation?
    • Flynn, J. R. (1985). Wechsler intelligence tests: Do we really have a criterion of mental retardation? American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 90: 236-244.
    • (1985) American Journal of Mental Deficiency , vol.90 , pp. 236-244
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 41
    • 10344246382 scopus 로고
    • Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure
    • Flynn, J. R. (1987). Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure. Psychological Bulletin, 101: 171-191.
    • (1987) Psychological Bulletin , vol.101 , pp. 171-191
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 43
    • 0040405279 scopus 로고
    • Reaction times show that both Chinese and British children are more intelligent than one another
    • Flynn, J. R. (1991b). Reaction times show that both Chinese and British children are more intelligent than one another. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 72: 544-546.
    • (1991) Perceptual and Motor Skills , vol.72 , pp. 544-546
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 44
    • 84923592116 scopus 로고
    • Derrida: What does he believe?
    • Flynn, J. R. (1993a). Derrida: What does he believe? Political Theory Newsletter, 5: 180-181.
    • (1993) Political Theory Newsletter , vol.5 , pp. 180-181
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 45
    • 38248998808 scopus 로고
    • Skodak and Skeels: The inflated mother-child IQ gap
    • Flynn, J. R. (1993b). Skodak and Skeels: The inflated mother-child IQ gap. Intelligence, 17: 557-561.
    • (1993) Intelligence , vol.17 , pp. 557-561
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 46
    • 0002730426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IQ gains over time: Toward finding the causes
    • U. Neisser (ed.),. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Flynn, J. R. (1998a). IQ gains over time: Toward finding the causes. In U. Neisser (ed.), The rising curve: Long-term gains in IQ and related measures (pp. 25-66). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (1998) The rising curve: Long-term gains in IQ and related measures , pp. 25-66
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 47
    • 0031759920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Israeli military IQ tests: Gender differences small; IQ gains large
    • Flynn, J. R. (1998b). Israeli military IQ tests: Gender differences small; IQ gains large. Journal of Biosocial Science, 30: 541-553.
    • (1998) Journal of Biosocial Science , vol.30 , pp. 541-553
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 48
    • 0000983503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WAIS-III and WISC-III: IQ gains in the United States from 1972 to 1995; how to compensate for obsolete norms
    • Flynn, J. R. (1998c). WAIS-III and WISC-III: IQ gains in the United States from 1972 to 1995; how to compensate for obsolete norms. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 86: 1231-1239.
    • (1998) Perceptual and Motor Skills , vol.86 , pp. 1231-1239
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 50
    • 0000043342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IQ gains, WISC subtests, and fluid g: G theory and the relevance of Spearman's hypothesis to race (followed by Discussion)
    • G.R. Bock, J.A. Goode, & K. Webb (eds.),. Novartis Foundation Symposium 233. New York: Wiley
    • Flynn, J. R. (2000b). IQ gains, WISC subtests, and fluid g: g theory and the relevance of Spearman's hypothesis to race (followed by Discussion). In G. R. Bock, J. A. Goode, & K. Webb (eds.), The nature of intelligence (pp. 202-227). Novartis Foundation Symposium 233. New York: Wiley.
    • (2000) The nature of intelligence , pp. 202-227
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 51
    • 0034367052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hidden history of IQ and special education: Can the problems be solved?
    • Flynn, J. R. (2000c). The hidden history of IQ and special education: Can the problems be solved? Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6: 191-198.
    • (2000) Psychology, Public Policy, and Law , vol.6 , pp. 191-198
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 52
    • 33747070807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efeito Flynn: Repensando a inteligência e seus efeitos
    • C. Flores-Mendoza & R. Colom (eds.),. Porto Alegre, Brazil: ArtMed. (English trans: jim. flynn@stonebow. otago. ac. nz)
    • Flynn, J. R. (2006a). Efeito Flynn: Repensando a inteligência e seus efeitos [The Flynn effect: Rethinking intelligence and what affects it]. In C. Flores-Mendoza & R. Colom (eds.), Introdução à psicologia das diferenças individuais (pp. 387-411). [Introduction to the psychology of individual differences]. Porto Alegre, Brazil: ArtMed. (English trans: jim. flynn@stonebow. otago. ac. nz).
    • (2006) Introdução à psicologia das diferenças individuais [Introduction to the psychology of individual differences] , pp. 387-411
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 53
    • 33747084013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tethering the elephant: Capital cases, IQ, and the Flynn effect
    • Flynn, J. R. (2006b). Tethering the elephant: Capital cases, IQ, and the Flynn effect. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 12: 170-178.
    • (2006) Psychology, Public Policy, and Law , vol.12 , pp. 170-178
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 55
    • 84923628875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The America who would be king
    • (in press), David MacDonald & Robert Patman (eds.), Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Press
    • Flynn, J. R. (in press). The America who would be king. In David MacDonald & Robert Patman (eds.), Ethics of foreign policy. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Press.
    • Ethics of foreign policy
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 56
    • 84923636711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (under review)., Teaching mathematics, Piagetian skills, and the WISC subtests
    • Flynn, J. R. (under review). Has Michael Shayer found the Holy Grail? Teaching mathematics, Piagetian skills, and the WISC subtests.
    • Has Michael Shayer found the Holy Grail?
    • Flynn, J.R.1
  • 60
    • 36649015528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American IQ gains from 1932 to 2002: The WISC subtests and educational progress
    • Flynn, J. R., & Weiss, L. G. (2007). American IQ gains from 1932 to 2002: The WISC subtests and educational progress. International Journal of Testing, 7: 1-16.
    • (2007) International Journal of Testing , vol.7 , pp. 1-16
    • Flynn, J.R.1    Weiss, L.G.2
  • 61
  • 65
    • 0013354667 scopus 로고
    • 408 U.S. 238
    • Furman v. Georgia, 408 U. S. 238 (1972).
    • (1972) Furman v. Georgia
  • 70
    • 0036862170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive skills valued by educators: Historic content analysis of testing in Ohio
    • Genovese, J. E. (2002). Cognitive skills valued by educators: Historic content analysis of testing in Ohio. Journal of Educational Research, 96: 101-114.
    • (2002) Journal of Educational Research , vol.96 , pp. 101-114
    • Genovese, J.E.1
  • 73
    • 0005748444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Book review: "Practical intelligence in everyday life."
    • Gottfredson, L. S. (2001). Book review: "Practical intelligence in everyday life." Intelligence, 29: 363-365.
    • (2001) Intelligence , vol.29 , pp. 363-365
    • Gottfredson, L.S.1
  • 74
    • 0038700754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action video game modifies visual selective attention
    • Green, S., & Bavelier, D. (2003). Action video game modifies visual selective attention. Nature, 423: 534-537.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.423 , pp. 534-537
    • Green, S.1    Bavelier, D.2
  • 75
    • 0002401930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cultural evolution of IQ
    • U. Neisser (ed.),. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Greenfield, P. (1998). The cultural evolution of IQ. In U. Neisser (ed.), The rising curve: Long-term gains in IQ and related measures (pp. 81-123). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (1998) The rising curve: Long-term gains in IQ and related measures , pp. 81-123
    • Greenfield, P.1
  • 77
    • 0004123120 scopus 로고
    • London: Oxford University Press
    • Hare, R. M. (1963). Freedom and reason. London: Oxford University Press.
    • (1963) Freedom and reason
    • Hare, R.M.1
  • 78
    • 0012727539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of noncognitive skills: Lessons from the GED testing program
    • Heckman, J. J., & Rubenstein, Y. (2001). The importance of noncognitive skills: Lessons from the GED testing program. American Economic Review, 91: 145-149.
    • (2001) American Economic Review , vol.91 , pp. 145-149
    • Heckman, J.J.1    Rubenstein, Y.2
  • 79
    • 33748325716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of cognitive and non-cognitive abilities on labor market outcomes and social behavior
    • Heckman, J. J., Stixrud, J., & Urzua, S. (2006). The effects of cognitive and non-cognitive abilities on labor market outcomes and social behavior. Journal of Labor Economics, 24: 411-482.
    • (2006) Journal of Labor Economics , vol.24 , pp. 411-482
    • Heckman, J.J.1    Stixrud, J.2    Urzua, S.3
  • 80
    • 0001554377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of relative age on success and dropout inmale soccer players
    • Helsen, W. F., Starkes, J. L., & VanWinckel, J. (1998). The influence of relative age on success and dropout inmale soccer players. American Journal of Human Biology, 10: 791-798.
    • (1998) American Journal of Human Biology , vol.10 , pp. 791-798
    • Helsen, W.F.1    Starkes, J.L.2    VanWinckel, J.3
  • 83
    • 0001049891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary real-world evidence that average intelligence really is rising
    • Howard, R. W. (1999). Preliminary real-world evidence that average intelligence really is rising. Intelligence, 27: 235-250.
    • (1999) Intelligence , vol.27 , pp. 235-250
    • Howard, R.W.1
  • 84
    • 84923564550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 375 F. 3d 1237 (11th Cir
    • In re Hicks, 375 F. 3d 1237 (11th Cir. 2004).
    • (2004) In re Hicks
  • 91
    • 0002427880 scopus 로고
    • Effects of inbreeding on mental-ability factors
    • Jensen, A. R. (1983). Effects of inbreeding on mental-ability factors. Personality and Individual Differences, 4: 71-87.
    • (1983) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.4 , pp. 71-87
    • Jensen, A.R.1
  • 93
    • 38149144525 scopus 로고
    • Speed of accessing arithmetic facts in long term memory: A comparison of Chinese American and Anglo-American children
    • Jensen, A. R., & Whang, P. A. (1994). Speed of accessing arithmetic facts in long term memory: A comparison of Chinese American and Anglo-American children. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 19: 1-12.
    • (1994) Contemporary Educational Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 1-12
    • Jensen, A.R.1    Whang, P.A.2
  • 95
    • 0242350161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Flynn effect and US policies: The impact of rising IQ scores on American society via mental retardation diagnoses
    • Kanaya, T., Scullin, M. H., & Ceci, S. J. (2003). The Flynn effect and US policies: The impact of rising IQ scores on American society via mental retardation diagnoses. American Psychologist, 58: 778-790.
    • (2003) American Psychologist , vol.58 , pp. 778-790
    • Kanaya, T.1    Scullin, M.H.2    Ceci, S.J.3
  • 96
    • 29144496041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiphase learning for an interval based hybrid dynamical system
    • Kawashima, H., & Matsuyama, T. (2005). Multiphase learning for an interval based hybrid dynamical system. IEICE Transactions Fundamentals, E88-A: 3022-3035.
    • (2005) IEICE Transactions Fundamentals , vol.E88-A , pp. 3022-3035
    • Kawashima, H.1    Matsuyama, T.2
  • 97
    • 0027633404 scopus 로고
    • How Bell Labs creates star performers
    • Kelley, R., & Caplan, J. (1993). How Bell Labs creates star performers. Harvard Business Review, 71: 128-139.
    • (1993) Harvard Business Review , vol.71 , pp. 128-139
    • Kelley, R.1    Caplan, J.2
  • 100
    • 38049174627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Height of US-born non-Hispanic children and adolescents ages 2-19, born 1942-2002 in the NHANES samples
    • Komlos, J., & Breitfelder, A. (2008). Height of US-born non-Hispanic children and adolescents ages 2-19, born 1942-2002 in the NHANES samples. American Journal of Human Biology, 20: 60-71.
    • (2008) American Journal of Human Biology , vol.20 , pp. 60-71
    • Komlos, J.1    Breitfelder, A.2
  • 102
    • 0347241038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appraising birth order in career assessment: Linkages to Holland's and Super's models
    • Leong, F. T. L., Hartung, P. J., Goh, D., & Gaylor, M. (2001). Appraising birth order in career assessment: Linkages to Holland's and Super's models. Journal of Career Assessment, 9: 25-39.
    • (2001) Journal of Career Assessment , vol.9 , pp. 25-39
    • Leong, F.T.L.1    Hartung, P.J.2    Goh, D.3    Gaylor, M.4
  • 103
    • 0039812849 scopus 로고
    • Further remarks on race and the genetics of intelligence
    • N.J. Block & G. Dworkin (eds.),. New York: Pantheon Books
    • Lewontin, R. C. (1976a). Further remarks on race and the genetics of intelligence. In N. J. Block & G. Dworkin (eds.), The IQ controversy (pp. 107-112). New York: Pantheon Books.
    • (1976) The IQ controversy , pp. 107-112
    • Lewontin, R.C.1
  • 104
    • 0039812849 scopus 로고
    • Race and intelligence
    • N.J. Block&G. Dworkin (eds.), New York: Pantheon Books
    • Lewontin, R. C. (1976b). Race and intelligence. InN. J. Block&G. Dworkin (eds.), The IQ controversy (pp. 78-92). New York: Pantheon Books.
    • (1976) The IQ controversy , pp. 78-92
    • Lewontin, R.C.1
  • 107
    • 84982018313 scopus 로고
    • Positive correlation between height, head size and IQ: A nutrition theory of the secular increases in intelligence
    • Lynn, R. (1989). Positive correlation between height, head size and IQ: A nutrition theory of the secular increases in intelligence. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 59: 372-377.
    • (1989) British Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 372-377
    • Lynn, R.1
  • 109
    • 0000590992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and ethnic differences in intelligence in the United States on the Differential Ability Scale
    • Lynn, R. (1996b). Racial and ethnic differences in intelligence in the United States on the Differential Ability Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 20: 271-273.
    • (1996) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.20 , pp. 271-273
    • Lynn, R.1
  • 110
    • 84923540790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Book review: What is intelligence? Beyond the Flynn Effect
    • Lynn, R. (2007). Book review: What is intelligence? Beyond the Flynn Effect. Intelligence, 35: 515-516.
    • (2007) Intelligence , vol.35 , pp. 515-516
    • Lynn, R.1
  • 111
    • 84923612788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intelligence of East Asians: A thirty year controversy and its resolution
    • (in press)
    • Lynn, R. (in press). The intelligence of East Asians: A thirty year controversy and its resolution. The Mankind Quarterly.
    • The Mankind Quarterly
    • Lynn, R.1
  • 112
    • 0000574805 scopus 로고
    • Reaction times and intelligence in Chinese and British children
    • Lynn, R., Chan, J. W., & Eysenck, H. J. (1991). Reaction times and intelligence in Chinese and British children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 72: 443-452.
    • (1991) Perceptual and Motor Skills , vol.72 , pp. 443-452
    • Lynn, R.1    Chan, J.W.2    Eysenck, H.J.3
  • 113
    • 1242321141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New evidence of dysgenic fertility for intelligence in the United States
    • Lynn, R., & Van Court, M. (2004). New evidence of dysgenic fertility for intelligence in the United States. Intelligence, 32: 193-201.
    • (2004) Intelligence , vol.32 , pp. 193-201
    • Lynn, R.1    Van Court, M.2
  • 115
    • 84923616958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comments on Flynn, "Beyond the Flynn effect"
    • Trinity College, Cambridge, 15 December 2006
    • Mackintosh, N. J. (2006). Comments on Flynn, "Beyond the Flynn effect." At the symposium sponsored by Cambridge Assessment, Trinity College, Cambridge, 15 December 2006.
    • (2006) At the symposium sponsored by Cambridge Assessment
    • Mackintosh, N.J.1
  • 117
    • 0040602322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition and the worldwide rise in IQ scores
    • U. Neisser (ed.),. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Martorell, R. (1998). Nutrition and the worldwide rise in IQ scores. In U. Neisser (ed.), The rising curve: Long-term gains in IQ and related measures (pp. 183-206). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (1998) The rising curve: Long-term gains in IQ and related measures , pp. 183-206
    • Martorell, R.1
  • 118
    • 33746659890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disentangling age, cohort and time effects in the additive model
    • McKenzie, D. J. (2006). Disentangling age, cohort and time effects in the additive model. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 68: 473-495.
    • (2006) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics , vol.68 , pp. 473-495
    • McKenzie, D.J.1
  • 119
    • 27844577339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Flynn effect in the Caribbean: Generational change in test performance in Dominica
    • Meisenberg, G., Lawless, E., Lambert, E., & Newton, A. (2005). The Flynn effect in the Caribbean: Generational change in test performance in Dominica. Mankind Quarterly, 46: 29-70.
    • (2005) Mankind Quarterly , vol.46 , pp. 29-70
    • Meisenberg, G.1    Lawless, E.2    Lambert, E.3    Newton, A.4
  • 120
    • 29144496016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use it, don't lose it
    • December 17
    • Melton, L. (2005). Use it, don't lose it. New Scientist, December 17: 32-35.
    • (2005) New Scientist , pp. 32-35
    • Melton, L.1
  • 123
    • 0037412147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The secular rise in IQs: In Estonia, the Flynn effect is not a Jensen effect
    • Must, O., Must, A., & Raudik, V. (2003). The secular rise in IQs: In Estonia, the Flynn effect is not a Jensen effect. Intelligence, 31: 461-471.
    • (2003) Intelligence , vol.31 , pp. 461-471
    • Must, O.1    Must, A.2    Raudik, V.3
  • 125
    • 84923541340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 278 (Okla
    • Myers v. State, 278 P. 1106 (Okla. 2005).
    • (2005) Myers v. State
  • 126
    • 0032324888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jensen's chronometric research: Neither simple nor sufficient but a good place to start
    • Nettelbeck, T. (1998). Jensen's chronometric research: Neither simple nor sufficient but a good place to start. Intelligence, 26: 233-241.
    • (1998) Intelligence , vol.26 , pp. 233-241
    • Nettelbeck, T.1
  • 132
    • 0000002904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Happiness and economic performance
    • Oswald, A. J. (1997). Happiness and economic performance. The Economic Journal, 107: 1815-1831.
    • (1997) The Economic Journal , vol.107 , pp. 1815-1831
    • Oswald, A.J.1
  • 133
    • 84923556639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 129 Cal. App. 4th 434, 28 Cal Rptr. 3d 529 (5th Ct. App
    • People v. Superior Court (Vidal), 129 Cal. App. 4th 434, 28 Cal Rptr. 3d 529 (5th Ct. App. 2005).
    • (2005) People v. Superior Court (Vidal)
  • 138
    • 84858079468 scopus 로고
    • Paper given at Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) Seminar on Intelligence, Melbourne, Australia
    • Reid, N., & Gilmore, A. (1988). The Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices in New Zealand. Paper given at Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) Seminar on Intelligence, Melbourne, Australia.
    • (1988) The Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices in New Zealand
    • Reid, N.1    Gilmore, A.2
  • 139
    • 84923621039 scopus 로고
    • Children working have higher IQs, study shows
    • June 14, 1995
    • Reuters (1995). Children working have higher IQs, study shows. Otago Daily Times, June 14, 1995, p. 34.
    • (1995) Otago Daily Times
    • Reuters1
  • 142
    • 84923538706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flynn effects on sub-factors of episodic and semantic memory: Parallel gains over time and the same set of determining factors
    • (in press)
    • Ronnlund, M., & Nilsson, L. (in press). Flynn effects on sub-factors of episodic and semantic memory: Parallel gains over time and the same set of determining factors. Neuropsychologia.
    • Neuropsychologia
    • Ronnlund, M.1    Nilsson, L.2
  • 143
    • 0031291197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new dynamism in world politics: Increasingly skilled individuals?
    • Rosenau, J. N., & Fagan, W. M. (1997). A new dynamism in world politics: Increasingly skilled individuals? International Studies Quarterly, 41: 655-686.
    • (1997) International Studies Quarterly , vol.41 , pp. 655-686
    • Rosenau, J.N.1    Fagan, W.M.2
  • 144
    • 33746915110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expertmind
    • Ross, P. E. (2006). The expertmind. Scientific American, 295 (2): 64-71.
    • (2006) Scientific American , vol.295 , Issue.2 , pp. 64-71
    • Ross, P.E.1
  • 146
    • 0031537399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cranial size and IQ in Asian Americans from birth to seven
    • Rushton, J. P. (1997). Cranial size and IQ in Asian Americans from birth to seven. Intelligence, 25: 7-20.
    • (1997) Intelligence , vol.25 , pp. 7-20
    • Rushton, J.P.1
  • 147
    • 63049084727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comments in discussion on James R. Flynn
    • G.R. Bock&J. Goode (eds.),. Novartis Foundation Symposium 233. New York: Wiley
    • Rutter, J. M. (2000). Comments in discussion on James R. Flynn. In G. R. Bock&J. Goode (eds.), Thenature of intelligence (pp. 222-223). Novartis Foundation Symposium 233. New York: Wiley.
    • (2000) Thenature of intelligence , pp. 222-223
    • Rutter, J.M.1
  • 148
    • 84993813712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental exercise and mental aging: Evaluating the validity of the "Use it or lose it" hypothesis
    • Salthouse, T. A. (2006). Mental exercise and mental aging: Evaluating the validity of the "Use it or lose it" hypothesis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1: 68-87.
    • (2006) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.1 , pp. 68-87
    • Salthouse, T.A.1
  • 149
    • 0000180676 scopus 로고
    • Fourteen-year cohort sequential analysis of adult intellectual development
    • Schaie, K. W., & Hertzog, C. (1983). Fourteen-year cohort sequential analysis of adult intellectual development. Developmental Psychology, 19: 531-543.
    • (1983) Developmental Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 531-543
    • Schaie, K.W.1    Hertzog, C.2
  • 150
    • 33745530982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smart as we can get?
    • Schneider, D. (2006). Smart as we can get? American Scientist, 94: 311-312.
    • (2006) American Scientist , vol.94 , pp. 311-312
    • Schneider, D.1
  • 151
    • 0011970296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental complexity and the Flynn effect
    • U. Neisser (ed.),. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Schooler, C. (1998). Environmental complexity and the Flynn effect. In U. Neisser (ed.), The rising curve: Long-term gains in IQ and related measures (pp. 67-79). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (1998) The rising curve: Long-term gains in IQ and related measures , pp. 67-79
    • Schooler, C.1
  • 153
    • 84923562107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large state-level fluctuations in mental retardation classifications related to introduction of renormed intelligence test
    • (in press)
    • Scullin, M. H. (in press). Large state-level fluctuations in mental retardation classifications related to introduction of renormed intelligence test. American Journal on Mental Retardation.
    • American Journal on Mental Retardation
    • Scullin, M.H.1
  • 154
    • 20844451183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Realising the cognitive potential of children 5-7 with a mathematical focus
    • Shayer, M., & Adhami, M. (2003). Realising the cognitive potential of children 5-7 with a mathematical focus. International Journal of Educational Research, 39: 743-775.
    • (2003) International Journal of Educational Research , vol.39 , pp. 743-775
    • Shayer, M.1    Adhami, M.2
  • 155
    • 84923587162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fostering cognitive development through the context of mathematics: Results of the CAME Project
    • (in press)
    • Shayer, M., & Adhami, M. (in press). Fostering cognitive development through the context of mathematics: Results of the CAME Project. Educational Studies in Mathematics.
    • Educational Studies in Mathematics
    • Shayer, M.1    Adhami, M.2
  • 156
    • 84923563010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 30 years on-an anti-"Flynn effect"? The Piagetian test Volume & Heaviness norms 1975-2003
    • (in press)
    • Shayer, M., Ginsburg, D., & Coe, R. (in press). 30 years on-an anti-"Flynn effect"? The Piagetian test Volume & Heaviness norms 1975-2003. British Journal for Educational Psychology.
    • British Journal for Educational Psychology
    • Shayer, M.1    Ginsburg, D.2    Coe, R.3
  • 157
    • 0001383978 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of Piagetian stages of thinking in British middle and secondary school children
    • Shayer, M., Küchemann, D. E., & Wylam, H. (1976). The distribution of Piagetian stages of thinking in British middle and secondary school children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 46: 164-173.
    • (1976) British Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 164-173
    • Shayer, M.1    Küchemann, D.E.2    Wylam, H.3
  • 158
    • 84958343377 scopus 로고
    • A final follow-up study of one hundred adopted children
    • Skodak, M. D., & Skeels, H. M. (1949). A final follow-up study of one hundred adopted children. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 75: 85-125.
    • (1949) Journal of Genetic Psychology , vol.75 , pp. 85-125
    • Skodak, M.D.1    Skeels, H.M.2
  • 160
    • 84923548635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2005 Ohio 7020
    • State v. Burke, 2005 Ohio 7020 (2005).
    • (2005) State v. Burke
  • 161
    • 84907827382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2005 Ohio 423
    • State v. Murphy, 2005 Ohio 423 (2005).
    • (2005) State v. Murphy
  • 163
    • 84876305081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of "Working with emotional intelligence."
    • Sternberg, R. J. (1999). Review of "Working with emotional intelligence." Personnel Psychology, 52: 780-781.
    • (1999) Personnel Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 780-781
    • Sternberg, R.J.1
  • 164
    • 33745240101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Rainbow Project: Enhancing the SAT through assessments of analytic, practical, and creative skills
    • Sternberg, R. J. (2006). The Rainbow Project: Enhancing the SAT through assessments of analytic, practical, and creative skills. Intelligence, 34: 321-350.
    • (2006) Intelligence , vol.34 , pp. 321-350
    • Sternberg, R.J.1
  • 168
    • 4344561701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The end of the Flynn effect? A study of secular trends in mean intelligence test scores of Norwegian conscripts during half a century
    • Sundet, J. M., Barlaug, D. G., & Torjussen, T. M. (2004). The end of the Flynn effect? A study of secular trends in mean intelligence test scores of Norwegian conscripts during half a century. Intelligence, 32: 349-362.
    • (2004) Intelligence , vol.32 , pp. 349-362
    • Sundet, J.M.1    Barlaug, D.G.2    Torjussen, T.M.3
  • 169
    • 0011532435 scopus 로고
    • London: Allen & Unwin
    • Tawney, R. H. (1931). Equality. London: Allen & Unwin.
    • (1931) Equality
    • Tawney, R.H.1
  • 170
    • 38249022221 scopus 로고
    • Continued secular increases in intelligence and a stable prevalence of high intelligence levels
    • Teasdale, T. W., & Owen, D. R. (1989). Continued secular increases in intelligence and a stable prevalence of high intelligence levels. Intelligence, 13: 255-262.
    • (1989) Intelligence , vol.13 , pp. 255-262
    • Teasdale, T.W.1    Owen, D.R.2
  • 171
    • 0034463719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forty-year secular trends in cognitive abilities
    • Teasdale, T. W., & Owen, D. R. (2000). Forty-year secular trends in cognitive abilities. Intelligence, 28: 115-120.
    • (2000) Intelligence , vol.28 , pp. 115-120
    • Teasdale, T.W.1    Owen, D.R.2
  • 172
    • 0000238409 scopus 로고
    • Intelligence and its uses
    • Thorndike, E. L. (1920). Intelligence and its uses. Harper's Magazine, 140: 227-235.
    • (1920) Harper's Magazine , vol.140 , pp. 227-235
    • Thorndike, E.L.1
  • 174
    • 0043147319 scopus 로고
    • 1st paperback edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Toulmin, S. E. (1960). Reason in ethics, 1st paperback edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1960) Reason in ethics
    • Toulmin, S.E.1
  • 176
    • 0039863874 scopus 로고
    • Soldier intelligence in World Wars I and II
    • Tuddenham, R. D. (1948). Soldier intelligence in World Wars I and II. American Psychologist, 3: 54-56.
    • (1948) American Psychologist , vol.3 , pp. 54-56
    • Tuddenham, R.D.1
  • 181
    • 10344247565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2002, NCES 2003-521, byW.S. Grigg, M.C. Daane, Y. Jin, and J.R. Campbell. Washington, DC
    • National Center for Educational Statistics (2003). The nation's report card: Reading 2002, NCES 2003-521, byW. S. Grigg, M. C. Daane, Y. Jin, and J. R. Campbell. Washington, DC.
    • (2003) The nation's report card: Reading
  • 182
    • 0003863794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCES 97-985r, by J.R. Campbell, K.E. Voelkl, and P.L. Donahue. Washington, DC
    • US Department of Education. Office of Educational Research and Improvement. National Center for Educational Statistics (2000). NAEP 1996 trends in academic progress, NCES 97-985r, by J. R. Campbell, K. E. Voelkl, and P. L. Donahue. Washington, DC.
    • (2000) NAEP 1996 trends in academic progress
  • 183
    • 0003863023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2000, NCES 2001-517, by J.S. Braswell, A.D. Lutkus, W.S. Grigg, S.L. Santapau, B. Tay-Lim, andM. Johnson. Washington, DC
    • US Department of Education. Office of Educational Research and Improvement. National Center for Educational Statistics (2001). The nation's report card: Mathematics 2000, NCES 2001-517, by J. S. Braswell, A. D. Lutkus, W. S. Grigg, S. L. Santapau, B. Tay-Lim, andM. Johnson. Washington, DC.
    • (2001) The nation's report card: Mathematics
  • 186
  • 188
    • 77950944929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 399 F. 3d 315 (4th Cir
    • Walker v. True, 399 F. 3d 315 (4th Cir. 2005).
    • (2005) Walker v. True
  • 189
    • 84923558864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 401 F. 3d 574 (4th Cir
    • after remand, 401 F. 3d 574 (4th Cir. 2005).
    • (2005) After remand
  • 190
    • 84923557971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 407 F. 3d 285, 295-97 (4th Cir
    • Walton v. Johnson, 407 F. 3d 285, 295-97 (4th Cir. 2005).
    • (2005) Walton v. Johnson
  • 194
    • 0003664194 scopus 로고
    • 3rd edn. Manual (Australian Adaptation). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation
    • Wechsler, D. (1992). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd edn. Manual (Australian Adaptation). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
    • (1992) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
    • Wechsler, D.1
  • 195
    • 1642472904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3rd edn. Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation
    • Wechsler, D. (1997). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 3rd edn. Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
    • (1997) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
    • Wechsler, D.1
  • 197
    • 84874011405 scopus 로고
    • Some comparative performance indexes of American ethnic minorities
    • Weyl, N. (1969). Some comparative performance indexes of American ethnic minorities. Mankind Quarterly, 9: 106-119.
    • (1969) Mankind Quarterly , vol.9 , pp. 106-119
    • Weyl, N.1
  • 198
    • 85023616598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Book review: What is intelligence? Beyond the Flynn Effect
    • Wicherts, J. (2008). Book review: What is intelligence? Beyond the Flynn Effect. Netherlands Journal of Psychology, 64.
    • (2008) Netherlands Journal of Psychology
    • Wicherts, J.1
  • 200
    • 0031253832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the criterion-related validity of the WISC-III: The first five years
    • Zimmerman, I. L., & Woo-Sam, J. M. (1997). Review of the criterion-related validity of the WISC-III: The first five years. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 85: 531-546.
    • (1997) Perceptual and Motor Skills , vol.85 , pp. 531-546
    • Zimmerman, I.L.1    Woo-Sam, J.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.