Racial politics in post-revolutionary Cuba

Racial Politics in Post-Revolutionary Cuba

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1-199

  Sawyer, Mark Q ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84923614939     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511791031     Document Type: Book

References (183)

1. Adams, H. 1999. “Revolution: The Impact of Cuba’s Intervention in Angola.” Ph.D. diss., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
2. Alberola, H. L. 1993. Response to Jorge Mas Canosa on Mario Baeza. Miami Herald, February 22.
3. Anderson, B. 1994. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Revised edition. New York: Verso Press.
4. Arce, L. M. 1984. “The Racist Side of the U.S. Invasion of Grenada.” Granma, February 26.
5. Arrechea, C. M. 1998. “Minerva: A Magazine forWomen (and Men) of Color.”
6. Baeza, M. 1993. “A Response to Accusations: Candidate for Latin America States His Views.” Miami Herald, January 28.
7. Bailey, S. 2002. “Brazilian Racial Attitudes: Patterns, Determinants, Consequences.” Ph.D. diss., University of California, Los Angeles.
8. Becker, G. 1971. The Economics of Discrimination. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
9. Bengelsdorf, C. 1994. The Problem of Democracy in Cuba: Between Vision and Reality. New York: Oxford University Press.
10. Benitez, J. A. 1980. “U.S. Investments and Their Role in South Africa.” Granma, March 9.
11. Bentacourt, J. R. 1961. “Castro and the Cuban Negro.” The Crisis (May): 270–4.
12. Blue, S. A. 2002. “Remittances in Cuba.” Working paper.
13. Blumer, H. 1985. “Industrialisation and Race Relations.” In Industrialisation and Race Relations: A Symposium, edited by G. Hunter, 220–53. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
14. Bobo, L. 2000. “Race and Beliefs about Affirmative Action: Assessing the Effects of Interest Group Threat, Ideology and Racism.” In Racialized Politics, edited by D. Sears, J. Sidanius, and L. Bobo, 137–64. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
15. Bourdieu, P., and L. Wacquant. 1999. “On the Cunning of Imperialist Reason.” Theory, Culture and Society 16:41–58.
16. Brent, W. L. 1996. Long Time Gone: A Black Panther’s True-Life Story of His Hijacking and Twenty-Five Years in Cuba. New York: Times Books.
17. Brock, L. 1998. “Introduction: Between Race and Empire.” In Between Race and Empire: African-Americans and Cubans Before the Revolution, edited by L. Brock and D. C. Fuertes, 1–32. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
18. Bunk, J. M. 1994. Fidel Castro and the Quest for a Revolutionary Culture in Cuba. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
19. Carbado, D. 2002. “(E)Racing the Fourth Amendment.” Michigan Law Review 35:946–1044.
20. Carbonell, W. 1961. “Critica c ´omo surgi ´o la cultura nacional.” Havana Editorial Yaka.
21. Casal, L. 1989. “Race Relations in Contemporary Cuba.” In The Cuba Reader, 471–86. New York: Grove Press.
22. Castro Speech Database. <>.
23. Chardy, A. 1990. “Heresy or History: Teachings on Cuban Racism Still Outrage Exile Community.” Miami Herald, December 7.
24. Chardy, A. 1993. “ ‘Invisible Exiles’: Black Cubans in Miami Torn Between Cultures.” Miami Herald, August 8.
25. Chaterjee, P. 1993. The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
26. Chung, E. A. 2002. “Citizenship, Identity, and Racial Politics: A Comparative Study of Korean Communities in the United States and Japan.” Paper prepared for delivery at the 2002 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, August 29–September 1.
27. Cleaver, E. 1968. Soul on Ice. New York: Ramparts Books.
28. Cleaver, E. 1969. Post Prison Writings and Speeches. New York: Ramparts Books.
29. Cohen, R. C. 1972. Black Crusader: A Biography of Robert Franklin Williams. Secaucus, N.J.: Lyle Stuart.
30. Comite Estatal de Estadisticas Oficina Nacional del Censo. Publication.
31. Connor, W. 1984. The National Question in Marxist-Leninist Theory and Strategy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
32. Cortes, C. E. 1981. Cuban Exiles in the United States. New York: Ayer Company.
33. Covarrubia, G. A. 1999. A Panorama of Afrocuban Culture and History: One Way to Strengthen Nationality. <>.
34. Crockett, K., and G. Epstein. 1990. “South African Leader Cancels Miami Appearances.” Miami Herald, June 11.
35. Croucher, S. L. 1997. Imagining Miami: Ethnic Politics in a Postmodern World. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
36. Cruse, H. 1984. Crisis of the Negro Intellectual. New York: Quill.
37. Davis, A. 1974. Angela Davis: An Autobiography. New York: Random House.
38. Dawson, M. 2001. Black Visions: The Roots of Contemporary African- American Political Ideologies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
39. de la Fuente, A. 1995. “Race and Inequality in Cuba, 1899–1981.” Journal of Contemporary History 30:131–68.
40. de la Fuente, A. 1995. “Race and Inequality in Cuba, 1899–1981.” Journal of Contemporary History 30:131–68.
41. de la Fuente, A. 2001. A Nation for All: Race, Inequality and Politics in Twentieth-Century Cuba. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
42. De la Garza, R. O., L. DeSipio, F. C. G. J. Garcia, and A. Falcon. 1992. Latino Voices: Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban Perspectives on American Politics. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
43. Degler, C. N. 1971. Neither Black nor White. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
44. Dodson, J. E. 1998. “Encounters in the African Atlantic World: The African Methodist Episcopal Church in Cuba.” In Between Race and Empire: African-Americans and Cubans Before the Revolution, edited by L. Brock and D. C. Fuertes, 85–103. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
45. Dominguez, J. I. 1976. “Racial and Ethnic Relations in the Cuban Armed Forces: A Non-Topic.” Armed Forces and Society 2(2): 273–90.
46. Dominguez, J. I. 1978. Cuba: Order and Revolution. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, Belknap Press.
47. Dudziak, M. L. 2000. ColdWar Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
48. Dunn, M. 1997. Black Miami in the Twentieth Century. Miami: University of Florida Press.
49. Eckstein, S. E. 1995. Back from the Future: Cuba under Castro. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
50. Elliot, J. M., and M. M. Dymally. 1986. Fidel Castro: Nothing Can Stop the Course of History. New York: Pathfinder Press.
51. Ellis, K. 1998. “Nicolas Guillen and Langston Hughes: Convergences and Divergences.” In Between Race and Empire: African-Americans and Cubans Before the Revolution, edited by L. Brock and D. C. Fuertes, 129–67. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
52. Fanon, F. 1991. The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press.
53. Fernandez, N. 1996. “Race, Romance, and Revolution: The Cultural Politics of Interracial Encounters in Cuba.” Ph.D. diss., University of California, Berkeley.
54. Fernández, R. T. 1990. El Negro en Cuba, 1902–1958: Apuntes para la historia de la lucha contra discriminacio´n racial. Havana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales.
55. Ferrer, A. 1999. Insurgent Cuba: Race, Nation, and Revolution, 1869–1898. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
56. Fields, B. J. 1982. “Ideology and Race in American History.” In Region, Race, and Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of C. Vann Woodward, edited by J. M. Kousser and J. M. McPherson, 143–77. New York: Oxford University Press.
57. Foner, P. S., ed. 1995. The Black Panthers Speak. New York: Da Capo Press.
58. Franco, L. J. 1993. “Mariana and Maceo.” In Afrocuba: An Anthology of Cuban Writing on Race, Politics and Culture, edited by P. Sarduy and J. Stubbs, 47–54. New York: Ocean Press.
59. Freyre, G. 1951. Brazil: An Interpretation. New York: Alfred Knopf.
60. Fuertes, D. C. 1998. “Epilogue.” In Between Race and Empire: African- Americans and Cubans Before the Revolution, edited by L. Brock and D. C. Fuertes, 281–85. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
61. Garcia, C. G. 1998. “Cuban Social Poetry and the Struggle against Two Racsims.” In Between Race and Empire: African-Americans and Cubans Before the Revolution, edited by L. Brock and D. C. Fuertes, 205–48. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
62. Garcia, M. C. 1996. Havana USA: Cuban Exiles and Cuban Americans in South Florida, 1959–1994. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
63. Gilroy, P. 1987. “There Ain’t No Black in the Union Jack”: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
64. Gilroy, P. 1994. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
65. Glasco, L. 1998. “Race in Three Cuban Cities: Havana, Santa Clara, and Santiago de Cuba; Impressions and Observations.” América Negra 15:67–71.
66. Gleijeses, P. 2002. Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959–1976. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
67. Goldberg, D. T. 1993. Racist Culture: Philosophy and the Politics of Meaning. New York: Blackwell Publishers.
68. Goldberg, D. T. 2002. The Racial State. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers.
69. Goldfarb, C. 1990a. “Mandela Backers, Critics Brace for Momentous Visit.” Miami Herald, June 28.
70. Goldfarb, C. 1990b. “Prejudice Felt by Latin Blacks.” Miami Herald, June 28.
71. Gonzalez-Pando, M. 1998. The Cuban Americans. New York: Greenwood Publishing.
72. Gordon, E. 1998. Disparate Diaspora: Identity and Politics in an African Nicaraguan Community. Austin: University of Texas Press.
73. Gosse, Van. 1998. “The African American Press Greets the Cuban Revolution.” In Between Race and Empire: African-Americans and Cubans Before the Revolution, edited by L. Brock and D. C. Fuertes, 33–48. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
74. Greenberg, S. B. 1980. Race and State in Capitalist Development. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
75. Guillen, N. 1962. “Racism and Revolution.” Granma, April 10.
76. Guinier, L., and G. Torres. 2002. The Miner’s Canary: Enlisting Race, Resisting Power, Transforming Democracy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
77. Gupta, A. 1995. “Blurred Boundaries: The Discourse of Corruption, the Culture of Politics and the Imagined State.” American Ethnologist, 22(2): 375–402.
78. Hale, C. R. 1994. Resistance and Contradiction: Miskitu Indians and the Nicaraguan State, 1894–1987. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
79. Haley, A. 1991. The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: Ballantine Books.
80. Hall, S. 1986. “Gramsci’s Relevance for the Study of Race and Ethnicity.” Journal of Communication Inquiry 10(2): 5–27.
81. Hanchard, M. G. 1994. Orpheus and Power: The Movimiento Negro of Rio de Janeiro and S˜ao Paulo Brazil, 1945–1988. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
82. Hanchard, M. G. 1995. “Black Cinderella? Race and Public Sphere in Brazil.” In The Black Public Sphere: A Public Culture Book, 169–89. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
83. Hancock, D. 1990. “Author: Exiles’ Plans Out of Touch with Cuba’s Blacks.” Miami Herald, February 22.
84. Harris, M. 1974. Patterns of Race in the Americas. New York: Norton Library.
85. Haskins, J. 1997. Power to the People: The Rise and Fall of the Black Panther Party. New York: Simon and Schuster.
86. Heberer, T. 1989. China and Its National Minorities: Autonomy and Assimilation? New York: East Gate Books.
87. Helg, A. 1990. “Race in Argentina and Cuba, 1880–1930: Theory, Policy and Popular Reaction.” In The Idea of Race in Latin America, 1870–1940, 37–70. Austin: University of Texas Press.
88. Helg, A. 1995. Our Rightful Share: The Afro-Cuban Struggle for Equality, 1886–1912. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
89. Hellwig, D. J. 1998. “The African-American Press and United States Involvement in Cuba, 1902–1912.” In Between Race and Empire: African- Americans and Cubans Before the Revolution, edited by L. Brock and D. C. Fuertes. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
90. Hernández, D. 1998. “Raza y prejuicio racial en Santa Clara: Un reporte de investigaci ´ on.” América Negra 15:75–86.
91. Higginbotham, E. B. 1992. “African American Women’s History and the Metalanguage of Race.” Signs (Winter).
92. Holt, T. C. 2000. The Problem of Race in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
93. Horowitz, D. 2001. The Deadly Ethnic Riot. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
94. Hoston, G. A. 1994. The State, Identity, and the National Question in China and Japan. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
95. Hunt, D. M. 1997. Screening the Los Angeles ‘Riots’: Race, Seeing, and Resistance. New York: Cambridge University Press.
96. Hunter, G. 1985. “Conclusion: Some Historical and Political Factors.” In Industrialisation and Race Relations: A Symposium, edited by G. Hunter. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
97. Hutchinson, E. O. 1995. Blacks and Reds: Race and Class in Conflict, 1919– 1990. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
98. Ibarra, J. 1998. Prologue to Revolution: Cuba, 1898–1958. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Reiner Publishers.
99. James, C. L. R. 1984. At the Rendezvous of Victory. London: Allison and Busby.
100. Jimenez, R. D. 1993. “The 19th Century Black Fear.” In Afrocuba: An Anthology of Cuban Writing on Race, Politics and Culture, edited by P. P. Sarduy and J. Stubbs, 37–46. New York: Ocean Press.
101. Kelley, R. D. G. 1994. Race Rebels: Culture, Politics, and the Black Working Class. New York: Free Press.
102. Klinkner, P. A., and R. M. Smith. 1999. The Unsteady March: The Rise and Decline of Racial Equality in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
103. Kronus, S., and M. Solaun. 1973. Discrimination without Violence. New York: Wiley-Interscience Publishing.
104. Kryder, D. 2000. Divided Arsenal: Race and the American State During World War II. New York: Cambridge University Press.
105. Kutzinski, V. 1993. Sugar’s Secrets: Race and the Erotics of Cuban Nationalism. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
106. Layton, A. S. 1998. International Politics and Civil Rights Policies in the United States, 1941–1961. New York: Cambridge University Press.
107. Lee, T. 2002. Mobilizing Public Opinion: Black Insurgency and Racial Attitudes in the Civil Rights Era. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
108. Lewis, M. A. 1992. Ethnicity and Identity in Contemporary Afro-Venezuelan Literature: A Culturalist Approach. Columbia: University of Missouri Press.
109. Loveman, M. 1999. “Comment: Is ‘Race’ Essential?” American Sociological Review 64(6): 891–8.
110. Marquis, C. 1993. “Baeza Bid Is Scrapped; Career Envoy Is Tapped.” Miami Herald, March 3.
111. Marx, A. W. 1998. Making Race and Nation: A Comparison of the United States, South Africa and Brazil. New York: Cambridge University Press.
112. McAdam, D. 1999. Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930–1970. Second edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
113. McAdam, D., S. Tarrow, and C. Tilly. 2001. Dynamics of Contention. New York: Cambridge University Press.
114. McGarrity, G. 1992. “Race Culture and Social Change in Contemporary Cuba.” In Cuba in Transition, edited by S. Halebsky and J. Kirk. New York: Westview Press.
115. McGarrity, G., and O. Cardenas. 1995. “Cuba.” In No Longer Invisible: Afro-Latin Americans Today, edited by Minority Rights Group. London: Minority Rights Publishing.
116. Menchaca, M. 2002. Recovering History, Constructing Race: The Indian, Black, and White Roots of Mexican Americans. Austin: University of Texas Press.
117. Michaelowski, R. 1993. “Cuba.” In World Factbook of Criminal Justice Systems, prepared by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice. <>.
118. Mills, C.W. 1997. The Racial Contract. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
119. Mintz, S. M., and R. Price. 1992. The Birth of African-American Culture: An Anthropological Perspective. Boston: Beacon Press.
120. Montenegro, O. L. 1993. “Despite Cuba’s History of Tolerance Castro Is a Calculating Racist – Here’s Why.” Miami Herald, July 30.
121. Moore, C. 1991. Castro, The Blacks and Africa. Third edition. Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American Studies.
122. Moore, C. 1995. “Afro-Cubans and the Communist Revolution.” In African Presence in the Americas, edited by C. Moore, T. R. Sanders, and S. Moore. Trenton, N.J.: African World Press.
123. Moore, R. D. 1997. Nationalizing Blackness: Afrocubanismo and Artistic Revolution in Havana, 1920–1940. Pitt Latin American Series. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
124. Morris, A. 1986. The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change. New York: Free Press.
125. Moses, W. J. 1978. The Golden Age of Black Nationalism, 1850–1925. New York: Oxford University Press.
126. Newton, H. P. n.d. Interview at the Havana Libre Hotel. Newton Collection, Stanford University.
127. Newton, H. P. 1995. Revolutionary Suicide. New York: Writers and Readers.
128. Nobles, M. 2000. Shades of Citizenship: Race and the Census in Modern Politics. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
129. North, J. 1963. “Negro and White in Cuba.” Political Affairs (July).
130. Omi, M., and H. Winant. 1994. Racial Formation in the United States from the 1960s to the 1990s. Second edition. New York: Routledge.
131. Parker, C. 2005. Fighting for Democracy: Race, Service to the State and Insurgency During Jim Crow. Unpublished manuscript.
132. Patterson, T. G. 1994. Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press.
133. Pearson, H. 1994. Shadow of the Panther. Menlo Park, Calif.: Addison and Wesley.
134. Peña, Y., Sidanius, J., and Sawyer, M. Forthcoming. “‘Racial Democracy’ in the Americas: A Latin and North American Comparison.” Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology.
135. Peralta, L. S. 1998. “Mujer, instruccion, ocupacion y color de la piel: Estructura y relaciones raciales en un barrio popular de La Habana.” América Negra 15:119–32.
136. Pérez, L. A. 1999. On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality and Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
137. Perez-Stable, M. 1993. The Cuban Revolution: Origins, Course and Legacy. New York: Oxford University Press.
138. Perla, H. Forthcoming. “The Heirs of Sandino: Undermining Reagan’s Coercive Policy Against Nicaragua.” Latin American Perspectives.
139. Pinderhughes, D. 1987. Race and Ethnicity in Chicago Politics: A Reexamination of Pluralist Theory. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
140. Planas, J. R. 1993. “The Impact of Soviet Reforms on Cuban Socialism.” In Conflict and Change in Cuba, edited by E. A. Baloyra and J. A. Morris. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
141. Plummer, B. G. 1996. Rising Wind: Black Americans and U.S. Foreign Policy, 1935–1960. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
142. Powell, M. 1999. “White Wash: Suddenly, Gordon Baum, Small-Time Race Baiter, Is Big Time News; Let’s Hear Him Explain How Incredibly Reasonable He Is.” Washington Post, January 17.
143. Ramos, J. A. A. 1998. “Estereotipicos y prejuicios raciales en tres barrios habaneros.” América Negra 15:89–115.
144. Rangel, C. 1993. “Don’t Let Right-Wing, Racist Pressure Tactics Block Baeza.” Miami Herald, January 17.
145. Reitlan, R. 1999. The Rise and Decline of an Alliance: Cuba and African American Leaders in the 1960s. East Lansing: Michigan State University.
146. Robaina, T. F. 1990. El Negro en Cuba, 1902–1958. Havana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales.
147. Robaina, T. F. 1993. “The 20th Century Black Question.” In Afrocuba: An Anthology of Cuban Writing on Race, Politics and Culture, edited by P. Sarduy and J. Stubbs. New York: Ocean Press.
148. Robaina, T. F. 1998. “Marcus Garvey in Cuba: Urrutia, Cubans, and Black Nationalism.” In Between Race and Empire: African-Americans and Cubans Before the Revolution, edited by L. Brock and D. C. Fuertes, 120–8. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
149. Robinson, C. J. 1991. Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition. Atlantic Highlands: Zed Books.
150. Rodney, W. 1995. “Black Power, a Basic Understanding.” In I Am Because We Are: Readings in Black Philisophy, edited by F. L. Hord and J. S. Lee. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
151. Rout, L., Jr. 1976. The African Experience in Spanish America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
152. Route, K. 1991. Eldridge Cleaver. Boston: Twayne Publishers.
153. Said, E. 1979. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
154. Sarduy, P. P., and J. Stubbs. 1993. “Introduction: The Rite of Social Communion.” In Afrocuba: An Anthology of Cuban Writing on Race, Politics and Culture, edited by P. Sarduy and J. Stubbs, 3–26. New York: Ocean Press.
155. Sawyer, M. 2003. “What We Can Learn from Cuba: Comparative Perspectives on the African American Experience.” Souls 2(5): 63–80.
156. Sawyer, M., Y. Peña, and J. Sidanius. 2004. “Cuban Exceptionalism: Group Based Hierarchy and the Dynamics of Patriotism in Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic and Cuba.” The Dubois Review 1(1):93–114.
157. Scott, J. C. 1990. Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
158. Secade, M. C. C. 1996. “Relaciones raciales, proceso de ajuste y political social.” Temas 7(July–September): 58–65.
159. Segal, R. 1995. The Black Diaspora. New York: Giroux Press.
160. Serviat, P. 1985. “El problema negro en Cuba y su solucion definitiva.” Editoria Pol´ıtica Havana. As “Solutions to the Black Problem,” appears in Afrocuba: An Anthology of Cuban Writing on Race, Politics, and Culture, edited by P. P. Sarduy and J. Stubbs, 77–90.
161. Sewell, W. 1996. “Historical Events as Transformations of Structures: Inventing Revolution at the Bastille.” Theory and Society 25:841–81.
162. Shakur, A. 1987. Assata. Westport, Conn.: Lawrence Holland Company.
163. Sidanius, J., S. Feshbach, S. Levin, and F. Pratto. 1997. “The Interface Between Ethnic and National Attachment: Ethnic Pluralism or Ethnic Dominance?” Public Opinion Quarterly 61:103–33.
164. Sidanius, J., Y. Peña, and M. Sawyer. 2001. “Inclusionary Discrimination: Pigmentocracy and Patriotism in the Dominican Republic.” Journal of Political Psychology 22(4): 827–51.
165. Skidmore, T. 1993. Black into White: Race and Nationality in Brazilian Thought. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.
166. Smith, L. M., and A. Padula. 1996. Sex and Revolution: Women in Socialist Cuba. New York: Oxford University Press.
167. Stein, J. 1986. The World of Marcus Garvey. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
168. Stepan, N. L. 1991. The Hour of Eugenics: Race, Gender, and Nation in Latin America. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
169. Stoler, A. L. 1997. “Racial Histories and Their Regimes of Truth.” Political Power and Social Theory 11:183–206.
170. Sue, C. 2004. “Race and National Ideology in Mexico: An Ethnographic Study of Mestizaje, Color and Blackness in Veracruz.” Unpublished manuscript.
171. Tanfani, J., and T. Pugh. 1996a. “Blacklash: Black Response to Walkout on Andrew Young.” Miami Herald, March 7.
172. Tanfani, J., and T. Pugh. 1996b. “An Apology from Metro.” Miami Herald, March 8.
173. Telles, E. 2004. Race in Another America: Race Mixture, Exclusion and the State in Brazil. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
174. Thomas, H. 1998. Cuba, or, the Pursuit of Freedom. New York: Da Capo Press.
175. Tilly, C. 1999. Durable Inequality. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
176. Tyson, T. B. 1999. Radio Free Dixie: Robert F. Williams and the Roots of Black Power. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
177. Wade, P. 1997. Race and Ethnicity in Latin America. London: Pluto Press.
178. West, C. 1988. “Marxist Theory and the Specificity of Afro-American Oppression.” In Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, edited by C. Nelson and L. Grossberg, 17–29. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
179. Whitfield, M., and C. Marquis. 1993. “Lawyer’s Bid for Latin Job in Trouble.” Mimai Herald, January 20.
180. Wright, W. 1990. Cafe Con Leche. Austin: University of Texas Press.
181. Young, I. M. 1990. Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
182. Zaller, J. R. 1993. The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
183. Zeitlin, M. 1967. Revolutionary Politics and the Cuban Working Class. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.