Dispersal, diversity and evolution of the Macaronesian cryptogamic floras

The Biology of Island Floras

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 338-364

  Vanderpoorten, Alain ^a   Laenen, Benjamin ^a   Gabriel, Rosalina ^b   González Mancebo, Juana M ^c   Rumsey, Fred J ^d   Carine, Mark A ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THE AZORES   (Portugal)

^c UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA   (Spain)

^d DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84923538909     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511844270.015     Document Type: Chapter

References (98)

1. Aigoin, D. A., Devos, N., Huttunen, S., Ignatov, M. S., Gonzalez-Mancebo, J. M. & Vanderpoorten, A. (2009a). And if Engler was not completely wrong? Evidence for multiple evolutionary origins in the moss flora of Macaronesia. Evolution 63: 3248-3257.
2. Aigoin, D. A., Huttunen, S., Ignatov, M. S., Dirkse, G. M. & Vanderpoorten, A. (2009b). Rhynchostegiella (Brachytheciaceae): molecular re-circumscription of a convenient taxonomic repository. J. Bryol. 31: 213-221.
3. Arechavaleta, M., Zurita, N., Marrero, M. C. & Martin, J. L. (eds.) (2005). Lista preliminar de especies silvestres de Cabo Verde (hongos, plantas y animales terrestres). La Laguna, Tenerife, Consejeria de Medio Ambiente y Ordenacion Territorial, Gobierno de Canarias.
4. Baldwin, B. G., Crawford, D. J., Francisco-Ortega, J., Kim, S-C., Sang, T. & Stuessy, T. F. (1999). Molecular phylogenetics and island plants. In D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis & J. J. Doyle (eds.), Molecular Systematics of Plants II: DNA Sequencing, pp. 410-441. Boston, MA, Kluwer Academic Press.
5. Baltisberger, M. & Widmer, A. (2006). Chromosome numbers of plant species from the Canary Islands. Bot. Helvet. 116: 9-30.
6. Bellemain, E. & Ricklefs, R. E. (2008). Are islands the end of the colonisation road? Trends Ecol. Evol. 23: 461-468.
7. Borges, P. A. V. & Hortal, J. (2009). Time, area, and isolation: factors driving the diversification of Azorean arthropods. J. Biogeogr. 36: 178-191.
8. Borges, P. A. V., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Martins, A. M. F., Silva, L. & Vieira, V. (2005a). A list of the terrestrial fauna (Mollusca and Arthropoda) and flora (Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) from the Azores. Horta, Angra do Heroismo and Ponta Delgada: Direccao Regional do Ambiente and Universidade dos Acores.
9. Borges, P. A. V., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Martins, A. F., Silva, L., Vieira, V. et al. (2005b). Description of the terrestrial Azorean biodiversity. In P. A. V. Borges, R. Cunha, R. Gabriel et al. (eds.), A list of the terrestrial fauna (Mollusca and Arthropoda) and flora (Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta) from the Azores, pp. 21-68. Horta, Angra do Heroismo and Ponta Delgada: Direccao Regional de Ambiente and Universidade dos Acores.
10. Borges, P. A. V., Abreu, C., Aguiar, A. M. F., Carvalho, P., Jardim, R., Melo, I. et al. (2008). A list of the terrestrial fungi, flora and fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. Funchal and Angra do Heroismo: Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Acores.
11. Bramwell, D. (1972). Endemism in the flora of the Canary Islands. In D. H. Valentine (ed.), Taxonomy, Phytogeography and Evolution, pp. 141-159. London, Academic Press.
12. Bramwell, D. (1985). Contribucion a la biogeografia de las Islas Canarias. Bot. Mac. 14: 3-34.
13. Britton, D. M. & Brunton, D. F. (1996). Spore morphology and cytology of Isoetes azorica (Pteridophyta, Isoetaceae) and its affinity with North America. Fern Gazette 15: 113-118.
14. Bruges, M. & Sergio, C. (2010). On the identity of some Entosthodon species endemic to Macaronesia or the North of Africa. Cryptog., Briol. 31: 277-280.
15. Burghardt, M. & Gradstein, S. R. (2008). A Revision of Tylimanthus (Acrobolbaceae, Marchantiophyta) in Tropical America, Africa, and Macaronesia. Fieldiana Botany 47: 199-210.
16. Carine, M. A. (2005). Spatio-temporal relationships of the Macaronesian endemic flora: a relictual series or window of opportunity? Taxon 54: 895-903.
17. Carine, M. A. & Schaefer, H. (2009). The Azores diversity enigma: why are there so few Azorean endemic flowering plants and why are they so widespread? J. Biogeogr. 37: 77-89.
18. Carine, M. A., Francisco-Ortega, J., Santos-Guerra, A. & Russell, S. J. (2004). Relationships of island and continental floras: molecular evidence for multiple colonisations into Macaronesia and subsequent back-colonisation of the continent in Convolvulus L. Am. J. Bot. 91: 1070-1085.
19. Carine, M. A., Humphries, C. J., Guma, I. R., Reyes-Betancort, J. A. & Santos Guerra, A. (2009). Areas and algorithms: numerical approaches to the delimitation of areas of endemism in the Canary Islands archipelago. J. Biogeogr. 36: 593-611.
20. Carine, M. A., Santos Guerra, A., Guma, I. R. & Reyes-Betancort, J. A. (2010). Endemism and evolution of the Macaronesian Flora. In D. M. Williams & S. Knapp. Beyond Cladistics: The Branching of a Paradigm pp. 101-124. Berkeley, CA, University of California Press.
21. Carlquist, S. J. (1974). Island Biology. New York, Columbia University Press.
22. Der, J. P. & Nickrent, D. L. (2008). A molecular phylogeny of Santalaceae (Santalales). Syst. Bot. 33: 107-116.
23. Draper, I., Gonzalez-Mancebo, J. M., Werner, O., Patio, J., Ros, R. M. (2011). Phylogeographic relationships between the mosses Exsertotheca intermedia from Macaronesian islands and Neckera baetica from southern glacial refugia of the Iberian Peninsula. Acta Bot. Fenn. 48, in press.
24. Duraes, C. J. R. (2005). Genetic variation and evolutionary history of the Macaronesian fern Asplenium hemionitis L. Unpublished PhD thesis: University of Edinburgh.
25. Emerson, B. C. (2002). Evolution on oceanic islands: molecular phylogenetic approaches to understanding pattern and process. Mol. Ecol. 11: 951-966.
26. Emerson, B. C. & Kolm, N. (2005). Species diversity can drive speciation. Nature 434: 1015-1017.
27. Engler, A. (1879). Versuch einer Eintwicklungsgeschichte, insbesondere der Florengebiete seit der Tertiärperiode. I. Die extra-tropischen Gebiete der nördlischen Hemisphäre. Leipzig, Engelmann.
28. Frahm, J. P. (1999). A survey of the Campylopus species from the Azores. Cryptogam. Bryol. 20: 145-152.
29. Francisco-Ortega, J., Santos Guerra, A., Jarvis, C. E., Carine, M. A., Menezes de Sequeira, M. & Maunder, M. (2010). Early British collectors and observers of the Macaronesian flora: from Sloane to Darwin. In D. M. Williams & S. Knapp. Beyond Cladistics: The Branching of a Paradigm. Berkeley, CA, University of California Press.
30. Fraser-Jenkins, C. R. (1982). Dryopteris in Spain, Portugal and Macaronesia. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana, Sér. 2 55: 175-336.
31. Freitas, H. & Brehm, A. (2001). Genetic diversity of the Macaronesian leafy liverwort Porella canariensis inferred from RAPD markers. J. Hered. 92: 339-345.
32. Gabriel, R. & Bates, J. W. (2005). Bryophyte community composition and habitat specifi-city in the natural forests of Terceira, Azores. Plant Ecol. 177: 125-144.
33. Gabriel, R., Sjogren, E., Schumacker, R., Sergio, C., Frahm, J. P. & Sousa, E. (2005). List of bryophytes. In P. A. V. Borges, R. Cunha, R. Gabriel, et al. (eds.), A list of terrestrial fauna (Mollusca and Arthropoda) from the Azores, pp. 117-129. Horta, Angra do Heroismo and Ponta Delgada: Direccao Regional Do Ambiente, Governo Regional dos Acores.
34. Gallego, M. T., Cano, M. J., Ros, R. M., Guerra, J. & Dirkse, G. M. (1998). Aloina humilis sp. nov. (Bryopsida, Pottiaceae) from the Canary Islands. Nova Hedwigia 67: 9-124.
35. Gallego, M. T., Jimenez, J. A. & Guerra, J. (2004). Tetrastichium virens with sporophytes in mainland Europe: an SEM study. J. Bryol. 26: 224-226.
36. Gibby, M. (1983). The Dryopteris dilatata complex in Macaronesia and the Iberian peninsula. Acta Bot. Malac. 8: 59-72.
37. Gibby, M. (1985). Hybridization and speciation in the genus Dryopteris (Pteridophyta: Dryopteridaceae) on Pico Island in the Azores. Plant Syst. Evol. 149: 241-252.
38. Gibby, M. & Lovis, J. D. (1989). New ferns of Madeira. Fern Gazette 13: 285-290.
39. Gibby, M., Jermy, A. C., Rasbach, H., Rasbach, K., Reichstein, T. & Vida, G. (1977). The genus Dryopteris in the Canary Islands and Azores and the description of two new tetraploid species. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 74: 251-277.
40. Gibby, M., Rasbach, T., Reichstein, T., Widen, C.-J. & Viane, R. L. L. (1992). Micromorphology, chromosome numbers and phloroglucinols of Arachniodes foliosa and A. webbiana (Dryopteridaceae, Pteridophyta). Bot. Helvet. 102: 229-245.
41. Gonzalez-Mancebo, J. M., Romaguera, F., Ros, R. M., Patino, J. & Werner, O. (2007). Bryophyte flora of the Canary Islands: an updated compilation of the species list with an analysis of distribution patterns in the context of the Macaronesian Region. Cryptogam. Bryol. 29: 315-357.
42. Gonzalez-Mancebo, J. M., Draper, I., Lara, F., Marraero, J. D., Munoz, J., Patino, J. et al. (2009). Amendments to the bryophyte flora of the Cape Verde and Canary Islands. Cryptogam. Bryol. 30 (4): 433-441.
43. Groth, H., Lindner, M., Wilson, R., Hartmann, F. A., Schmull, M., Gradstein, S. R. et al. (2003). Biogeography of Plagiochila (Hepaticae): natural species groups span several floristic kingdoms. J. Biogeogr. 30: 965-978.
44. Hallingback, T. & Hodgetts, N. (2000). Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan for Bryophytes. Gland, Switzerland, IUCN/SSC Bryophyte Specialist Group.
45. Heinrichs, J., Lindner, M., Gradstein, S. R., Groth, H., Buchbender, V., Solga, A. et al. (2005). Origin and subdivision of Plagiochila (Jungermanniidae: Plagiochilaceae) in tropical Africa based on evidence from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences and morphology. Taxon 54, 317-333.
46. Heinrichs, J., Lindner, M., Groth, H., Hentschel, J., Feldberg, K., Renker, C. et al. (2006). Goodbye or welcome Gondwana?-Insights into the phylogenetic biogeography of the leafy liverwort Plagiochila with a description of Proskauera, gen. nov. (Plagiochilaceae, Jungermanniales). Plant Syst. Evol. 258: 227-250.
47. Hentschel, J., Zhu, R. L., Long, D. G., Davison, P. G., Schneider, H., Gradstein, S. R. et al. (2007). A phylogeny of Porella (Porellaceae, Jungermanniopsida) based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 45: 693-705.
48. Herben, T., Suda, J. & Munclinger, P. (2005). The ghost of hybridization past: niche preemption is not the only explanation of apparent monophyly in island endemics. J. Ecol. 93: 572-575.
49. Huttunen, S., Hedenas, L., Ignatov, M. S., Devos, N. & Vanderpoorten, A. (2008). Origin and evolution of the northern hemisphere disjunction in the moss genus Homalothecium (Brachytheciaceae). Am. J. Bot. 95: 220-250.
50. Hyvonen, J., Koskinen, S., Merrill, G. L. S., Hedderson, T. A. & Stenroos, S. (2004). Phylogeny of the Polytrichales (Bryophyta) based on simultaneous analysis of molecular and morphological data. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 31: 915-928.
51. Izquierdo, I., Martin, J. L., Zurita, N. & Arechavaleta, M. (eds.) (2004). Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias (hongos, plantas, y animales terrestres). La Laguna, Tenerife: Consejeria de Medio Ambiente y Ordenacion Territorial, Gobierno de Canarias.
52. Jimenez, J. A., Ros, R. M., Cano, M. J. & Gallego, M. T. (2000). Thamnobryum maderense (Kindb.) Hedenas in Spain and northern Africa. Nova Hedwigia 71: 439-445.
53. Kim, S-C., McGowen, M. R., Lubinsky, P., Barber, J. C. & Mort, M. E. (2008). Timing and tempo of early and successive adaptive radiations in Macaronesia. PLoS ONE 3: e2139. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0002139.
54. Laenen, B., Desamore, A., Devos, N., Shaw, A. J., Carine, M. A., Gonzalez-Mancebo, J. M., Vanderpoorten, A. (2011). Macaronesia: a source of hidden genetic diversity for post-glacial recolonization of western Europe in the leafy liverwort Radula lindenbergiana. J. Biogeogr. 38: 631-639.
55. Lara, F., Mazimpaka, V., Garilleti, R. & Brugues, M. (1999). Orthotrichum handiense, sp. nov. from Fuerteventura, Canary Islands. Bryologist 102: 619-622.
56. Lobin, W. (1982). Untersuchung uber Flora, Vegetation und biogeographische Beziehungen der Kapverdischen Inseln. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 53: 1-112.
57. MacArthur, R. H. & Wilson, E. O. (1967). The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.
58. Manton, I., Lovis, J. D., Vida, G. & Gibby, M. (1986). Cytology of the fern flora of Madeira. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot.) 15: 123-161.
59. McDaniel, S. F. & Shaw, A. J. (2005). Selective sweeps and intercontinental migration in the cosmopolitan moss Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. Mol. Ecol. 14: 1121-1132.
60. Munoz, J., Felicisimo, A. M., Cabezas, F., Burgaz, A. R. & Martinez, I. (2004). Wind as a long-distance dispersal vehicle in the southern hemisphere. Science 304: 1144-1147.
61. Neuroth, R. (1996). Biosystematik und Evolution des Polypodium vulgare-Komplexes (Polypodiaceae; Pteridophyta). Dissertationes. Botanicae 256: 1-209.
62. Olsson, S., Rumsey, F., Grundmann, M., Russell, S., Enroth, J. & Quandt, D. (2009). Origin of British and Macaronesian endemic Thamnobryum species (Neckeraceae). J. Bryol. 31: 1-10.
63. Prelli, R. (2004). Les Fougères et plantes alliées de France et d'Europe occidentale. Paris: Belin.
64. Proctor, G. R. (1985). Ferns of Jamaica. London, British Museum (Natural History).
65. Reyes-Betancort, J. A., Santos Guerra, A., Guma, I. R., Humphries, C. J. & Carine, M. A. (2008). Diversity, rarity and the evolution and conservation of the Canary Islands endemic flora. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 65: 25-45.
66. Rumsey, F. J. & Vogel, J. C. (1998). Trichomanes speciosum Willd. (Hymenophyllaceae) in southern Spain. Fern Gaz. 15: 197-203.
67. Rumsey, F. J. & Vogel, J. C. (1999). Tetrastichium fontanum (Mitt.) Card. new to mainland Europe. J. Bryol. 21: 72-73.
68. Rumsey, F. J., Russell, S. J., Ji, J., Barrett, J. A. & Gibby, M. (1996). Genetic variation in the endangered filmy fern Trichomanes speciosum Willd. In J. M. Camus, M. Gibby & R. J. Johns (eds.). Pteridology in Perspective, pp. 161-165. London, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew.
69. Rumsey, F. J., Russell, S. J., Schafer, H. & Rasbach, H. (2004). Distribution, ecology and cytology of Asplenium azoricum Lovis, Rasbach & Reichstein (Aspleniaceae, Pteridophyta) and its hybrids. Am. Fern J. 94: 113-125.
70. Rycroft, D. S., Groth, H. & Heinrichs, J. (2004). Reinstatement of Plagiochila maderensis (Jungermanniopsida: Plagiochilaceae) based on chemical evidence and nrDNA ITS sequences. J. Bryol. 26, 37-45.
71. Saunders, N. E. & Gibson, D. J. (2005). Breeding system, branching processes, hybrid swarm theory, and the hump-back diversity relationship as additional explanations for apparent monophyly in the Macaronesian island flora. J. Ecol. 93: 649-652.
72. Schaefer, H. (2003). Chorology and diversity of the Azorean flora. Dissertationes Botanicae 374: 1-130.
73. Sergio, C. & Gonzalez-Mancebo, J. M. (2009). 3. Alguns briofitos novos ou pouco conhecidos para a Ilha de Gomera e Lanzarote (Ilhas Canarias). Portugaliae Acta Biol. 23: 280-282.
74. Sergio, C. & Perold, S. (1992). A new species of Riccia L., from the island of Madeira, Riccia atlantica, sp. nov. J. Bryol. 17: 127-132.
75. Sergio, C., Schumacker, R. & Martiny, P. (1995). Threatened bryophytes in Europe including Macaronesia. In Red Data Book of European Bryophytes. Trondheim, Norway, E. C. C. B.
76. Sergio, C., Sim-Sim, M., Fontinha, S. & Figueira, R. (2008). The bryophytes (Bryophyta) of the Madeira and Selvagems archipelagos. In P. A. V. Borges, C. Abreu, A. M. Franquinho Aguiar et al. (eds.), A list of terrestrial fungi, flora and fauna of Madeira and Selvagems archipelagos, pp. 143-156. Funchal and Angra do Heroismo: Direccao Regional do Ambiente da Madeira and Universidade dos Acores.
77. Shaw, A. J., Werner, O. & Ros, R. M. (2003). Intercontinental Mediterranean disjunct mosses: morphological and molecular patterns. Am. J. Bot. 90: 540-550.
78. Silvertown, J. (2004). The ghost of competition past in the phylogeny of island endemic plants. J. Ecol. 92: 168-173.
79. Silvertown, J., Francisco-Ortega, J. & Carine, M. (2005). The monophyly of island radiations: an evaluation of niche pre-emption and some alternative explanations. J. Ecol. 93: 653-657.
80. Sim-Sim, M., Fontinha, S., Mues, R. Lion, U. (2000). A new Frullania species (subg. Frullania) from Deserta Grande, Madeira archipelago, Frullania sergiae sp. nov. Nova Hedwigia 71: 185-193.
81. Sim-Sim, M., Esquivel, M. D., Fontinha, S. & Stech. M. (2005). The genus Plagiochila (Dumort.) Dumort. (Plagiochilaceae, Hepaticophytina) in Madeira Archipelago: molecular relationships, ecology, and biogeographic affinities. Nova Hedwigia 81: 449-461.
82. Sim-Sim, M., Luis, L., Garcia, C., Fontinha, S., Lobo, C. Martins, S. & Stech, M. (2008). New data on the status of threatened bryophytes of Madeira Island. J. Bryol. 28: 63-70.
83. Stech, M., Sim-Sim, M. &. Frahm, J. P. (2007). Campylopus (Leucobryaceae, Bryopsida) on Madeira island: molecular relationships and biogeographic affinities. Nova Hedwigia 131 (Suppl.): 91-100.
84. Stech, M., Sim-Sim, M., Equivel, M. G., Fontinha, S., Tangney, R., Lobo, C. et al. (2008). Explaining the 'anomalous' distribution of Echinodium (Bryopsida: Echinodiaceae): independent evolution in Macaronesia and Australasia. Organisms Divers. Evol. 8: 282-292.
85. Sunding, P. (1979). Origins of the Macaronesian flora. In D. Bramwell (ed.), Plants and Islands, pp. 13-40. London, Academic Press.
86. Touw, A. (2001). A review of the Thuidiaceae (Musci) and a realignment of taxa traditionally accommodated in Thuidium sensu amplo (Thuidium Schimp., Thuidiopsis (Broth.) M. Fleisch., and Pelekium Mitt.), including Aequatoriella gen. nov. and Indothuidium gen. nov. J. Hatt. Bot. Lab. 90: 1-136.
87. van den Heede, C. J., Viane, R. L. L. & Chase, M. W. (2003). Phylogenetic analysis of Asplenium subgenus Ceterach (Pteridophyta: Aspleniaceae) based on plastid and nuclear ribosomal ITS DNA sequences. Am. J. Bot. 90: 481-495.
88. van den Heede, C. J., Pajaron, S., Pangua, E. & Viane, R. L. L. (2004). Asplenium ceterach and A. octoploideum on the Canary Islands (Aspleniaceae, Pteridophyta) Am. Fern J. 94: 81-111.
89. Vanderpoorten, A. & Long, D. G. (2006). Budding speciation and Neotropical origin of the Azorean endemic liverwort, Leptoscyphus azoricus. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 40: 73-83.
90. Vanderpoorten, A., Rumsey, F. J. & Carine, M. A. (2007). Does Macaronesia exist? Conflicting signal in the bryophyte and pteridophyte floras. Am. J. Bot. 94: 625-639.
91. Vanderpoorten, A., Devos, N., Goffinet, B., Hardy, O. & Shaw, A. J. (2008). The barriers to oceanic island radiation in bryophytes: insights from the phylogeography of the moss Grimmia montana. J. Biogeogr. 35: 654-663.
92. Vanderpoorten, A., Schafer-Verwimp, A., Heinrichs, J., Devos, N. & Long, D. G. (2010). The taxonomy of the liverwort genus Leptoscyphus revisited. Taxon 59 (1): 176-186.
93. van der Wijk, R., Margadant, W. D. & Florschutz, P. A. (1959). Index Muscorum. Utrecht: International Association of Plant Taxonomists.
94. Wallace, A. R. (1881). Island Life. New York: Harper & Bros.
95. Werner, O., Patino, J., Gonzalez-Mancebo, J. M. & Ros, R. M. (2007). The taxonomic status of Platyhypnidium torrenticola based on ITS sequence data. Cryptogam. Bryol. 28: 187-195.
96. Werner, O., Patino, J., Gonzalez-Mancebo, J. M., Gabriel, R. M. & Ros, R. M. (2009). The taxonomic status and the geographical relationships of the Macaronesian endemic moss Fissidens luisieri (Fissidentaceae) based on DNA sequence data. Bryologist 112: 315-324.
97. Whittaker, R. J., Ladle, R. J., Araujo, M. B., Fernandez-Palacios, J. M., Domingo Delgado, J. & Arevalo, J. R. (2007). The island immaturity-speciation pulse model of island evolution: an alternative to the 'diversity begets diversity' model. Ecography 30: 321-327.
98. Whittaker, R. J., Triantis, K. A. & Ladle, R. J. (2008). A general dynamic theory of oceanic island biogeography. J. Biogeogr. 35: 977-994.