The great Indian calorie debate: Explaining rising undernourishment during India's rapid economic growth

Food Policy

Volumn 50, Issue , 2015, Pages 53-67

  Smith, Lisa C ^a  

^a TANGO International   (United States)

Author keywords

Food consumed away from home; Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys; India; Undernourishment

Indexed keywords

DIET; FOOD CONSUMPTION; FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION; HEALTH STATUS; HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE; MALNUTRITION; POVERTY; VITAMIN DEFICIENCY;

INDIA;

EID: 84923241391     PISSN: 03069192     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.10.011     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Bai, Junfei, Wahl, Thomas I., Lohmar Bryan T., Huang Jikun. 2008. "Estimating the Relationship between Food-Away-from-Home Consumption and Demographic Changes in China: The Role of Hosted Meals". Paper presented at the International Agricultural Trade and Research Consortium (IATRC) Meeting, Washington DC, January 7-9, 2008.
2. Banerjee Abhijit, Duflo Esther More than 1 billion people are hungry in the world But what if the experts are wrong. Foreign Policy 2011, (May/June 2011).
3. Barker Mary, Chorghade Ginny, Crozier Sarah, Leary Sam, Fall Caroline Gender differences in body mass index in rural India are determined by socio-economic factors and lifestyle. J. Nutr. 2006, 136:3062-3068.
4. Basu, Deepankar, Basole, Amit, 2012. The Calorie Consumption Puzzle in India: An Empirical Investigation. PERI Working Paper Series No. 285. Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
5. Beegle Kathleen, De Weerdt Joachim, Friedman Jed, Gibson John Methods of household consumption measurement through surveys: experimental results from Tanzania. J. Dev. Econ. 2012, 98(1):3-18.
6. Beldona Srikanth, Moreo Andrew P., Mundhra Gokul Das The role of involvement and variety-seeking in eating out behaviors. Int. J. Contemporary Hospitality Manage. 2010, 22(3):433-444.
7. Bouis Howarth, Haddad Lawrence Are estimates of calorie-income elasticities too high? A recalibration of the plausible range. J. Dev. Econ. 1992, 39(2):333-364.
8. Bouis Howarth, Haddad Lawrence, Kennedy Eileen 'Does it matter how we survey demand for food? Evidence from Kenya and the Philippines'. Food Policy 1992, 17(5):349-360.
9. Chattapadhyay, Gopa, Atanu Kumar, Chowdhury. 2010. Trends in Food Insecurity in India: Review of Food Insecurity Assessment and Trends in India and Provinces. Analysis of India Consumer Expenditure Surveys 1988-2005 (Draft report). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
10. Chatterjee, Sumeet and Neha Singh. 2011. McDonald's India Franchisee to Open 30 Stores in 2011. Thomson Reuters. Business-msnbc.com. Updated 2/21/2011.
11. Clark Gregoy, Hubermand Michale, Lindert Peter A british food puzzle. Econ. History Rev. 1995, 48(2):215-237.
12. de Onis Mercedes, Garza Cutberto, Victora Cesar G., Bhan Maharaj K., Norum Kaare R., guest editors The WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS): Rationale, planning, and implementation. Food Nutr. Bulletin 2004, 25(Suppl. 1):S3-S84.
13. Deaton, A., Drèze, J.P., 2009. Food and nutrition in India: Facts and interpretations. Econ. Political Weekly, vol. XLIV(7). (14 February). .
14. Deaton A., Drèze J.P. From calorie fundamentalism to cereal accounting. Econ. Political Weekly 2010, XLV(47). (20 November).
15. Deaton A., Drèze J.P. Nutrition, poverty and calorie fundamentalism: response to Utsa Patnaik. Econ. Political Weekly 2010, XLIV(7). 3 April.
16. Deaton A., Kozel Valerie. Data and dogma: the great Indian poverty debate. World Bank Res. Observ. 2005, 20(2):177-199.
17. Desai S., Vanneman Reeve Enhancing Nutrition Security via India's National Food Security Act: Using an Axe Instead of a Scalpel? India Policy Forum 2014 2014, National Council of Economic Research, New Delhi.
18. Desai S., Dubey A., Joshi B., Sen M., Shariff A., Vanneman R. Human Development in India: Challenges for a Society in Transition 2010, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
19. Domain-b.com. 2008. Study Reveals America's Worst Restaurants for Kids; Some of Them are in India as Well. August 5, 2008.
20. Drèze, Jean, Sen, Amartya, 2011. Putting Growth in its Place. Outlook India, 10 November 2011.
21. Du S., Lu B., Zhai F., Popkin B. A new stage of the nutrition transition in China. Public Health Nutr. 2002, 5(1A):169-174.
22. Economic Times India's GDP grows at 8.5% in FY-2011, Q4 growth at 7.8%. Economic Times 2011, 31:2011.
23. Eli Shari, Li Nicholas Can Caloric Needs Explain Three Food Consumption Puzzles? Evidence from India 2012, University of Toronto, Mimeo.
24. FAO. 2006a. The Double Burden of Malnutrition: Case Studies from Six Developing Countries. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper #84. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
25. FAO. 2006b. Monitoring MDG and WFS Targets: Latin America and the Caribbean. Statistics Division Working Paper Series No. ESS/ESSA/003aThe double burden of malnutrition: case studies from six developing countries. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper #84. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
26. FAO Assessment of undernourishment estimates and trends for India". Project progress report (Draft) 2010, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
27. FAO The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2012 2012, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
28. FAO. 2012b. The state of food insecurity in the world 2012. Food security indicators (on line). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Accessed October 25, 2012. http://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/food-security-indicators/en/.
29. FAO. 2012c. FAOSTAT. Accessed October 29, 2012. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. http://faostat3.fao.org/home/index.html.
30. Frankenberger, Tim. 2010. Personal Communication.
31. Gaiha, Raghav, Jha, Raghbendra, Kulkarni, Vani S., 2009. How Pervasive is Eating Out in India? ASARC Working Paper 2009/17. Australia South Asia Research Centre, Arndt-Corden Division of Economics. Australian National University, Canberra.
32. Gaiha, Raghav, Jha, Raghbendra, Kulkarni, Vani S., 2010. Affluence, Obesity and Non-Communicable Diseases in India. ASARC Working Paper 2010/08. Australia South Asia Research Centre, Arndt-Corden Division of Economics. Australian National University, Canberra.
33. Gale Fred, Huang Kuo Demand for food quantity and quality in China. ERS Report Summary, Markets and Trade 2007, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
34. Gibson Rosalind S. Principles of Nutritional Assessment 2005, Oxford University Press, New York. second ed.
35. Gulati, Ashok. 2004. An Indian Diet Revolution. India Today, December 13, 2004.
36. Gupta, Nivedita. 2008. An Integrated Summary of NSS 61st Round (July 2004-June 2005) on "Household Consumer Expenditure in India". Sarvekshana: Journal of National Sample Survey Organization. 93rd Issues, vol. XXVIII, No. 1&2 (July 2008).
37. Guthrie J.F., Lin Bh.H., Frazao E. Role of food prepared away from home in the American diet, 1977-78 versus 1994-96: changes and consequences. J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. 2002, 34(3):140-150.
38. Heady Derek The impact of the global food crisis on self-assessed food security. World Bank Econ. Rev. 2013, 7:2013. (Published online).
39. Hindu, The. 2012. India Tops World Diabetes Sufferers List. The Hindu. Dubai, November 14, 2012.
40. Hoang, Linh Vu, 2009. Analysis of Calorie and Micronutrient Consumption in Vietnam. Center for Agricultural Policy, Institute of Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development. DEPOCEN Working Paper Series No. 2009/15.
41. IDS (Institute for Development Studies). 2009. Lifting the Curse: Overcoming Persistent Undernutrition in India. IDS Research Summary, IDS Bulletin, 40.4 July 2009.
42. IIPS (International Institute for Population Sciences) and Macro International National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005-06: India 2007, vol. I. IIPS, Mumbai.
43. India Knowledge@Wharton. 2008. Jumbo King: The Making of an Indian Fast-food Chain. Accessed December 2010. University of Pennsylvania. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/india/article.cfm?articleid=4321.
44. Infochange India, 2009.
45. Institute of Medicine. 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment. Report of the Subcommittee on Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes and the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
46. Islam, Gazi Nurul, Yew, Tai Shzee, Noh, Kusairi Mohd, Abdullah, Nik Mustapha R., 2009. Getting Rich and Eating Out: Does it Hold True for Malaysian Consumers? Universiti Putra Malaysia. OPTIONS, 14(2), 3-4.
47. James, Schofield Human Energy Requirements 1990, FAO and Oxford Medical Publications.
48. Kaur P., Rao S.R., Radhakrishnan E., Ramachandran R., Venkatachalam R., Gupte M.D. High prevalence of tobacco use, alcohol use and overweight in a rural population in Tamil Nadu, India. J. Postgrad. Med. 2011, 57(1):9-15.
49. Khandker Shahidur, Koolwal Gayatri B., Samad Hassain A. Handbook on Impact Evaluation: Quantitative Methods and Practices 2010, The World Bank, Washington, DC.
50. Landy Frédéric India, "cultural density" and the model of food transition. Econ. Polit. Weekly 2009, XLIV(20):59-61.
51. Leuven, E., Sianesi, B., 2003. "PSMATCH2: Stata module to perform full Mahalanobis and propensity score matching, common support graphing, and covariate imbalance testing". Version 3.1.5 2may2009 E. Leuven, B. Sianesi.
52. Ma Henguyn, Huang Jikun, Fuller Frank, Rozelle Scott Getting rich and eating out: consumption of food away from home in urban China. Can. J. Agric. Econ. 2006, 54(2006):101-119.
53. Mancino, Lisa, Todd, Jessica, Lin, Biing-Hwan, 2009. Separating what we eat from where: measuring the effect of food away from home on diet quality. Food Policy 34(6), 557-562.
54. Mason, John B. 2002. Measuring Hunger and Malnutrition. FIVIMS International Scientific Conference on Methods of Measurement and Assessment of Food Deprivation and Undernutrition. June 26-28, Rome, Italy, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
55. Maxwell Simon, Slater Rachel Food policy old and new. Dev. Policy Rev. 2003, 21(5-6):531-553.
56. McKinsey & Company The "Bird of Gold": The Rise of India's Consumer Market 2007, McKinsey Global Institute, New York.
57. McKinsey & Company India's Urban Awakening: Building Inclusive Cities, Sustaining Economic Growth 2010, McKinsey Global Institute, New York.
58. Ng, Eva. 2005. A 360° View of Fast Food and Impulse Hab. Nielsen Trends and Insights. Accessed December 2010. http://asiapacific.acnielsen.com/pubs/2005_q2_ap_fastfood.shtml.
59. Ng S.W., Popkin B.M. Time use and physical activity: a shift away from movement across the globe. Obes. Rev. 2012, 13:659-680.
60. NNMB (National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau). 2006. Diet and Nutritional Status of Population and Prevalence of Hypertension Among Adults in Rural Areas. NNMB Technical Report No. 24. National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad.
61. NSSO (National Sample Survey Office). 2012. Nutritional Intake in India. NSS 66th Round. Government of India, Report No. 540 (66/1.0/2). Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, National Statistical Organisation, National Sample Survey Office.
62. Ogundari Kolawole, Abdulai Awudu Examining the heterogeneity in calorie-income elasticities: a meta-analysis. Food Policy 2013, 40:119-128.
63. Palmer-Jones, Richard. 2005. Can We Set Poverty Lines using Calorie Norms in India or Bangladesh? Draft Manuscript. University of East Anglia.
64. Palmer-Jones, Richard, Dubey, Amaresh, 2010. New Poverty Lines in India-the Last Hurrah?. Draft. School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich and Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.
65. Parikh, Kalpana, Yasmeen, Summiya, 2004. Groundswell for Mid-day Meal Scheme. India Together Newsletter, January 2004.
66. Patnaik Utsa A critical look at some propositions on consumption and poverty. Econ. Polit. Weekly 2010, XLV(47). (6 February).
67. Patnaik Utsa On some fatal fallacies. Econ. Polit. Weekly 2010, XLV(47). (20 November).
68. Pingali, Prabhu, Khwaja, Yasmeen, 2004. Globalization of Indian Diets and the Transformation of Food Supply Systems. ESA Working Paper No. 04-05, February 2004. Agricultural and Development Economics Division. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
69. Popkin Barry M. An overview on the nutrition transition and its health implications: the Bellagio Meeting. Public Health Nutr. 2002, 5:93-103.
70. Popkin Barry M. The World is Fat: the Fads, Trends, Policies and Products that are Fattening the Human Race 2008, Avery-Penguin Press, New York.
71. Popkin Barry, Horton Susan, Kim Soowon, Mahal Ajay, Shuigao Jin Trends in diet, nutritional status, and diet-related noncommunicable diseases in China and India: the economic costs of the nutrition transition. Nutr. Rev. 2001, 59(12):379-390.
72. Popkin Barry M., Lu Bing, Zhai Fengying Understanding the nutrition transition: measuring rapid dietary changes in transitional countries. Public Health Nutr. 2002, 5(6A):947-953.
73. Poti J.M., Popkin B.M. Trends in energy intake among US children by eating location and food source, 1977-2006. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 2011, 111(8):1156-1164.
74. Pourhassan M., Najafabadi A.T. Survey prevalence and prevention of childhood obesity. Shiraz E Med. J. 2009, 10(3). (July 2009).
75. Ramachandran, Prema. 2006a. The Double Burden of Malnutrition in India. In: The Double Burden of Malnutrition: Case Studies From Six Developing Countries. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper #84. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
76. Ramachandran K. Nutrition Monitoring and Surveillance 2006, Nutrition Foundation of India, New Delhi.
77. Ramachandran, Prema. 2008. Nutrition Transition in India 1947-2007. Nutrition Foundation of India, New Delhi. http://nutritionfoundationofindia.res.in/NutritionTransition.asp.
78. Rao C.H.Hanumanthu Declining demand for foodgrains in rural India: Causes and implications. Econ. Polit. Weekly 2000, 35(4):201-206.
79. Ray, Ranjan. 2007. Dietary Changes, Calorie Intake and Undernourishment: A Comparative Study of India and Vietnam. Paper Prepared for the International Seminar on "Revisiting the poverty issue: measurement, identification and eradication" in Patna, India, July 20-22, 2007.
80. Reardon, Thomas, Gulati, Ashok, 2008a. Supermarkets in Emerging Markets: Surprises in and Lessons for India. Presentation at Food Forum India 2008, May 7, 2008.
81. Reardon, Thomas, Gulati, Ashok, 2008b. The Rise of Supermarkets and Their Development Implications: International Experience Relevant for India. IFPRI Discussion Paper 00752. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC.
82. Reddy, K. Srinath, 2009. Regional case studies - India. In: Kalhan, Satish C., Prentice, Andrew M., Yajnik, Chittaranjan S. (Eds.), Emerging Societies - Coexistence of Childhood Malnutrition and Obesity. Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series Pediatric Program, vol. 63. Nestec Ltd., Vevey?s. Karger AG, Basel, pp. 15-24.
83. Rosenbaum P., Rubin D. The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika 1983, 70(1):41-50.
84. Salgado-Ugarte, Isaias Hazarmabeth, Shimizu, Makoto, Taniuchi, Toru, 1995. Practical Rules for Bandwidth Selection in Univariate Density Estimation. Stata Technical Bulletin No. 27.
85. Salois, Matthew J., Tiffin, Richard, Balcombe, Kelvin, 2011. Impact of Income on Calorie and Nutrient Intakes: A Cross-Country Analysis. Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association's 2011 AAEA & NAREA Joint Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, July 24-26, 2011.
86. Senauer Ben The growing market for high-value food products in developing and transition countries. J. Food Distribut. Res. 2006, 37(1):22-27.
87. Shetty Prakash Nutrition transition in India. Public Health Nutr. 2002, 5(1A):175-182.
88. Deriving food Security Information from National Household Budget Surveys; Experiences, Achievements, Challenges 2008, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. R. Sibrian (Ed.).
89. Sibrián, Ricardo, Ramasawmy, Seevalingum, Mernies, Jorge, 2008. Measuring Hunger at Sub National Levels from Household Surveys using the FAO Approach: Manual. Statistics Division Working Paper Series ESS/ESSGA/5. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
90. Silverman B.W. Density estimation for statistics and data analysis 1986, Chapman and Hall, London.
91. Smith Lisa C., Frankenberger Timothy R. Typology of Food Away from Home 2012, TANGO, International, Tucson, AZ, USA.
92. Smith Lisa C., Subandoro Ali Measuring Food Security using Household Expenditure Surveys. Food Security in Practice Series 2007, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC.
93. Smith Lisa C., Dupriez Olivier, Troubat Nathalie Assessment of the Reliability and Relevance of the Food Data Collected in National Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys 2013, International Household Survey Network, Mimeo, Washington, DC.
94. State Department of Statistics for Georgia. 2001. Georgia Food Security Situation: Trends in Figures. Statistical Bulletin No. 4, September 2001.
95. Stubbs Christina O., Lee Amanda J. The obesity epidemic: both energy intake and physical activity contribute. MJA, Med. J. Aust. 2004, 181(9):489-491.
96. Subramanian S.V., Smith George Davey Patterns, distribution, and determinants of under- and overnutrition: a population-based study of women in India. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006, 84(3):633-640.
97. Sukhdev, Mahima. 2008. Obese India: A Ticking Time Bomb. In: RxPG News: Medical News Channel. November 25, 2008.
98. Todd, Jessica E., Mancino, Lisa, Lin, Biing-Hwan, 2010, The Impact of Food Away From Home on Adult Diet Quality, ERR-90, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, February 2010.
99. U.S. Census Bureau. 2012. International Programs, International programs data. Accessed October 25, 2012. http://www.census.gov/population/international/data.
100. UNICEF, WHO, World Bank (United Nations Children's Fund, World Health Organization, The World Bank). 2012. UNICEFWHO-World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. UNICEF, New York; WHO, Geneva; The World Bank, Washington, DC.
101. UNU, WHO, and FAO (United Nations University, World Health Organization, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2004. Human energy requirements: Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation, Rome, October 17-24, 2001. FAO Food and Nutrition Technical Report Series 1. FAO, Rome.
102. Von Grebmer, Klaus, Ruel, Marie T., Menon, Purnima, Nestorova, Bella, Olofinbiyi, Tolulope, Fritschel, Heidi, Yohannes, Yisehac, von Oppeln, Constanze, Towey, Olive, Golden, Kate, Thompson, Jennifer, 2010 Global Hunger Index. The Challenge of Hunger: Focus on the Crisis of Child Undernutrition. Welt Hunger Hilfe, International Food Policy Research Institute and Concern Worldwide, Bonn, Washington DC, Dublin.
103. Wang Y., Chen H.J., Shaikh S., Mathur P. Is obesity becoming a public health problem in India? Examining the shift from under- to overnutrition problems over time. Obes. Rev. 2009, 10:456-474.
104. World Bank. 2010. Poverty Headcount Ratio at 1.25 a day (PPP) (% of Population) Accessed December 2010. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY.
105. World Bank. 2012. World Development Indicators (online). Accessed October 2012. http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators.