메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 115-123

Medical marijuana: Review of the science and implications for developmental-behavioral pediatric practice

Author keywords

adolescent; attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity; cannabis; child development disorders; marijuana abuse; pervasive

Indexed keywords

CANNABIS; MEDICAL CANNABIS;

EID: 84923148941     PISSN: 0196206X     EISSN: 15367312     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000129     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (58)

References (91)
  • 1
    • 79960886514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed 6 October, 2013
    • GCODP. War on Drugs: Report of the Global Commission on Drug Policy. 2011. Available at: http://www.globalcommissionon drugs.org/wp-content/themes/gcdp-v1/pdf/Global-Commission -Report-English.pdf. Accessed 6 October, 2013.
    • (2011) War on Drugs: Report of the Global Commission on Drug Policy
  • 3
    • 84904892039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Big marijuana-lessons from big tobacco
    • Richter KP, Levy S. Big marijuana-lessons from big tobacco. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:399-401.
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.371 , pp. 399-401
    • Richter, K.P.1    Levy, S.2
  • 4
    • 2342433060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The limited relevance of drug policy: Cannabis in Amsterdam and in San Francisco
    • Reinarman C, Cohen PD, Kaal HL. The limited relevance of drug policy: cannabis in Amsterdam and in San Francisco. Am J Public Health. 2004;94:836-842.
    • (2004) Am J Public Health , vol.94 , pp. 836-842
    • Reinarman, C.1    Cohen, P.D.2    Kaal, H.L.3
  • 6
    • 84906921516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uruguay legalises sale and production of marijuana
    • Arie S. Uruguay legalises sale and production of marijuana. BMJ. 2013;347:f7499.
    • (2013) BMJ , vol.347 , pp. f7499
    • Arie, S.1
  • 7
    • 84880256413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of marijuana policy on children and adolescents
    • Levy S. Effects of marijuana policy on children and adolescents. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167:600-602.
    • (2013) JAMA Pediatr , vol.167 , pp. 600-602
    • Levy, S.1
  • 10
    • 84923194379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed March 26, 2014
    • Young S. Marijuana Stops Child's Severe Seizures. 2013. Available at: http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/07/health/charlotte-child-medical- marijuana/. Accessed March 26, 2014.
    • (2013) Marijuana Stops Child's Severe Seizures
    • Young, S.1
  • 12
    • 84902171176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review: Efficacy and safety of medical marijuana in selected neurologic disorders: Report of the guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Koppel BS, Brust JC, Fife T, et al. Systematic review: efficacy and safety of medical marijuana in selected neurologic disorders: report of the guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2014;82: 1556-1563.
    • (2014) Neurology , vol.82 , pp. 1556-1563
    • Koppel, B.S.1    Brust, J.C.2    Fife, T.3
  • 13
    • 84887809109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of a parent survey of cannabidiolenriched cannabis use in pediatric treatment-resistant epilepsy
    • Porter BE, Jacobson C. Report of a parent survey of cannabidiolenriched cannabis use in pediatric treatment-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2013;29:574-577.
    • (2013) Epilepsy Behav , vol.29 , pp. 574-577
    • Porter, B.E.1    Jacobson, C.2
  • 15
    • 84864506291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth risk behavior surveillance-United States, 2011
    • Eaton DK, Kann L, Kinchen S, et al. Youth risk behavior surveillance-United States, 2011. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2012;61: 1-162.
    • (2012) MMWR Surveill Summ , vol.61 , pp. 1-162
    • Eaton, D.K.1    Kann, L.2    Kinchen, S.3
  • 18
    • 70349859637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use
    • Hall W, Degenhardt L. Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use. Lancet. 2009;374:1383-1391.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 1383-1391
    • Hall, W.1    Degenhardt, L.2
  • 19
    • 2542643188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legalization of marijuana: Potential impact on youth
    • Joffe A. Legalization of marijuana: potential impact on youth. Pediatrics. 2004;113:1825-1826.
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113 , pp. 1825-1826
    • Joffe, A.1
  • 20
    • 84904474586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed 24 January, 2014
    • AMA. H-95.998 AMA Policy Statement on Cannabis (Marijuana). 2012. Available at: http://www.ama-assn. org/resources/doc/PolicyFinder/policyfiles/HnE/H-95.998.htm. Accessed 24 January, 2014.
    • (2012) H-95.998 AMA Policy Statement on Cannabis (Marijuana)
  • 21
    • 84923194283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed 24 January, 2014
    • ASAM. Public Policy Statement on Marijuana. 2006. Available at: http://www.asam.org/docs/publicy-policy-statements/1marijuana- 5-062.pdf. Accessed 24 January, 2014.
    • (2006) Public Policy Statement on Marijuana
  • 22
    • 84923200067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed 24 January, 2014
    • ASAM. White Paper on State-Level Proposals to Legalize Marijuana. 2012. Available at: http://www.asam. org/docs/publicy-policy-statements/state-level-proposals-to-legalize-marijuana- final2773DD668C2D.pdf. Accessed 24 January, 2014.
    • (2012) White Paper on State-Level Proposals to Legalize Marijuana
  • 23
    • 84904474587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed 24 January, 2014
    • AACAP. AACAP Medical Marijuana Policy Statement. 2012. Available at: http://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Policy-Statements/ 2012/AACAP-Medical-Marijuana-Policy-Statement.aspx. Accessed 24 January, 2014.
    • (2012) AACAP Medical Marijuana Policy Statement
  • 24
    • 35449001036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaporization as a smokeless cannabis delivery system: A pilot study
    • Abrams DI, Vizoso HP, Shade SB, et al. Vaporization as a smokeless cannabis delivery system: a pilot study. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007; 82:572-578.
    • (2007) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.82 , pp. 572-578
    • Abrams, D.I.1    Vizoso, H.P.2    Shade, S.B.3
  • 25
    • 77952314867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potency trends of delta9- THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated cannabis preparations from 1993 to 2008
    • Mehmedic Z, Chandra S, Slade D, et al. Potency trends of delta9- THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated cannabis preparations from 1993 to 2008. J Forensic Sci. 2010;55:1209-1217.
    • (2010) J Forensic Sci , vol.55 , pp. 1209-1217
    • Mehmedic, Z.1    Chandra, S.2    Slade, D.3
  • 26
    • 77950685002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment and management of cannabis use disorders in primary care
    • Winstock AR, Ford C, Witton J. Assessment and management of cannabis use disorders in primary care. BMJ. 2010;340:c1571.
    • (2010) BMJ , vol.340 , pp. c1571
    • Winstock, A.R.1    Ford, C.2    Witton, J.3
  • 27
    • 77951983700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairment due to cannabis and ethanol: Clinical signs and additive effects
    • Bramness JG, Khiabani HZ, Morland J. Impairment due to cannabis and ethanol: clinical signs and additive effects. Addiction. 2010; 105:1080-1087.
    • (2010) Addiction , vol.105 , pp. 1080-1087
    • Bramness, J.G.1    Khiabani, H.Z.2    Morland, J.3
  • 28
    • 84904464615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoid functions in neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and specification
    • Köfalvi A, ed. New York, NY: Springer Science + Business Media, LLC
    • Harkany T, Guzmán M, Hurd YL. Endocannabinoid functions in neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and specification. In: Köfalvi A, ed. Cannabinoids and the Brain. New York, NY: Springer Science 1 Business Media, LLC; 2008:237-256.
    • (2008) Cannabinoids and the Brain , pp. 237-256
    • Harkany, T.1    Guzmán, M.2    Hurd, Y.L.3
  • 29
    • 0037255987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids
    • Grotenhermen F. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2003;42:327-360.
    • (2003) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.42 , pp. 327-360
    • Grotenhermen, F.1
  • 30
    • 41649106487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of mainstream and sidestream marijuana and tobacco cigarette smoke produced under two machine smoking conditions
    • Moir D, Rickert WS, Levasseur G, et al. A comparison of mainstream and sidestream marijuana and tobacco cigarette smoke produced under two machine smoking conditions. Chem Res Toxicol. 2008;21:494-502.
    • (2008) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.21 , pp. 494-502
    • Moir, D.1    Rickert, W.S.2    Levasseur, G.3
  • 31
    • 0034611981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prenatal marijuana exposure on child behavior problems at age 10
    • Goldschmidt L, Day NL, Richardson GA. Effects of prenatal marijuana exposure on child behavior problems at age 10. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2000;22:325-336.
    • (2000) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.22 , pp. 325-336
    • Goldschmidt, L.1    Day, N.L.2    Richardson, G.A.3
  • 32
    • 79959934189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lasting impacts of prenatal cannabis exposure and the role of endogenous cannabinoids in the developing brain
    • Wu CS, Jew CP, Lu HC. Lasting impacts of prenatal cannabis exposure and the role of endogenous cannabinoids in the developing brain. Future Neurol. 2011;6:459-480.
    • (2011) Future Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 459-480
    • Wu, C.S.1    Jew, C.P.2    Lu, H.C.3
  • 34
    • 84890551498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed 7 October, 2013
    • UNODC. World Drug Report 2013. 2013. Available at: http://www. unodc.org/unodc/secured/wdr/wdr2013/World-Drug-Report-2013. pdf. Accessed 7 October, 2013.
    • (2013) World Drug Report 2013
  • 36
    • 84880319032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric marijuana exposures in a medical marijuana state
    • Wang GS, Roosevelt G, Heard K. Pediatric marijuana exposures in a medical marijuana state. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167:630-633.
    • (2013) JAMA Pediatr , vol.167 , pp. 630-633
    • Wang, G.S.1    Roosevelt, G.2    Heard, K.3
  • 37
    • 84901198483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of unintentional pediatric exposures with decriminalization of marijuana in the United States
    • Wang GS, Roosevelt G, Le Lait MC, et al. Association of unintentional pediatric exposures with decriminalization of marijuana in the United States. Ann Emerg Med. 2014;63:684-689.
    • (2014) Ann Emerg Med , vol.63 , pp. 684-689
    • Wang, G.S.1    Roosevelt, G.2    Le Lait, M.C.3
  • 38
    • 75349105465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting onset of cannabis use in early adolescence: The interrelation between highintensity pleasure and disruptive behavior. The TRAILS study
    • Creemers HE, van Lier PA, Vollebergh WA, et al. Predicting onset of cannabis use in early adolescence: the interrelation between highintensity pleasure and disruptive behavior. The TRAILS study. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2009;70:850-858.
    • (2009) J Stud Alcohol Drugs , vol.70 , pp. 850-858
    • Creemers, H.E.1    Van Lier, P.A.2    Vollebergh, W.A.3
  • 39
    • 0030737908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further evidence of an association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and cigarette smoking. Findings from a high-risk sample of siblings
    • Milberger S, Biederman J, Faraone SV, et al. Further evidence of an association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and cigarette smoking. Findings from a high-risk sample of siblings. Am J Addict. 1997;6:205-217.
    • (1997) Am J Addict , vol.6 , pp. 205-217
    • Milberger, S.1    Biederman, J.2    Faraone, S.V.3
  • 40
    • 0042570789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood predictors of adolescent substance use in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD
    • Molina BS, Pelham WE Jr. Childhood predictors of adolescent substance use in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD. J Abnorm Psychol. 2003;112:497-507.
    • (2003) J Abnorm Psychol , vol.112 , pp. 497-507
    • Molina, B.S.1    Pelham, W.E.2
  • 41
    • 78650095503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and future substance use disorders: Comparative meta-analyses
    • Charach A, Yeung E, Climans T, et al. Childhood attention-deficit/ disorder and future substance use disorders: comparative meta-analyses. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;50:9-21.
    • (2011) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 9-21
    • Charach, A.1    Yeung, E.2    Climans, T.3
  • 42
    • 84880274444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance use disorders in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A 4-year follow-up study
    • Groenman AP, Oosterlaan J, Rommelse N, et al. Substance use disorders in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a 4-year follow-up study. Addiction. 2013;108:1503-1511.
    • (2013) Addiction , vol.108 , pp. 1503-1511
    • Groenman, A.P.1    Oosterlaan, J.2    Rommelse, N.3
  • 43
    • 34948861011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective effects of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and sex on adolescent substance use and abuse
    • Elkins IJ, McGue M, Iacono WG. Prospective effects of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and sex on adolescent substance use and abuse. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007; 64:1145-1152.
    • (2007) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 1145-1152
    • Elkins, I.J.1    McGue, M.2    Iacono, W.G.3
  • 44
    • 0037227127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does stimulant therapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder beget later substance abuse? A meta-analytic review of the literature
    • Wilens TE, Faraone SV, Biederman J, et al. Does stimulant therapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder beget later substance abuse? A meta-analytic review of the literature. Pediatrics. 2003; 111:179-185.
    • (2003) Pediatrics , vol.111 , pp. 179-185
    • Wilens, T.E.1    Faraone, S.V.2    Biederman, J.3
  • 45
    • 84880542319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulant medication and substance use outcomes: A meta-analysis
    • Humphreys KL, Eng T, Lee SS. Stimulant medication and substance use outcomes: a meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70:740-749.
    • (2013) JAMA Psychiatry , vol.70 , pp. 740-749
    • Humphreys, K.L.1    Eng, T.2    Lee, S.S.3
  • 46
    • 84897065070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ADHD symptoms, autistic traits, and substance use and misuse in adult Australian twins
    • De Alwis D, Agrawal A, Reiersen AM, et al. ADHD symptoms, autistic traits, and substance use and misuse in adult Australian twins. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2014;75:211-221.
    • (2014) J Stud Alcohol Drugs , vol.75 , pp. 211-221
    • De Alwis, D.1    Agrawal, A.2    Reiersen, A.M.3
  • 47
    • 84857777315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance abuse among individuals with intellectual disabilities
    • Carroll Chapman SL, Wu LT. Substance abuse among individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil. 2012;33:1147-1156.
    • (2012) Res Dev Disabil , vol.33 , pp. 1147-1156
    • Carroll Chapman, S.L.1    Wu, L.T.2
  • 48
    • 80053620695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recreational substance use patterns and co-morbid psychopathology in adults with intellectual disability
    • Chaplin E, Gilvarry C, Tsakanikos E. Recreational substance use patterns and co-morbid psychopathology in adults with intellectual disability. Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32:2981-2986.
    • (2011) Res Dev Disabil , vol.32 , pp. 2981-2986
    • Chaplin, E.1    Gilvarry, C.2    Tsakanikos, E.3
  • 49
    • 84892451286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adverse health effects of chronic cannabis use
    • Hall W, Degenhardt L. The adverse health effects of chronic cannabis use. Drug Test Anal. 2014;6:39-45.
    • (2014) Drug Test Anal , vol.6 , pp. 39-45
    • Hall, W.1    Degenhardt, L.2
  • 50
    • 60249094827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Access to drug and alcohol treatment among a cohort of street-involved youth
    • Hadland SE, Kerr T, Li K, et al. Access to drug and alcohol treatment among a cohort of street-involved youth. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009;101:1-7.
    • (2009) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.101 , pp. 1-7
    • Hadland, S.E.1    Kerr, T.2    Li, K.3
  • 52
    • 84884551746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dare to delay? The impacts of adolescent alcohol and marijuana use onset on cognition, brain structure, and function
    • Lisdahl KM, Gilbart ER, Wright NE, et al. Dare to delay? The impacts of adolescent alcohol and marijuana use onset on cognition, brain structure, and function. Front Psychiatry. 2013;4:53.
    • (2013) Front Psychiatry , vol.4 , pp. 53
    • Lisdahl, K.M.1    Gilbart, E.R.2    Wright, N.E.3
  • 53
    • 34247354525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do individuals with ADHD self-medicate with cigarettes and substances of abuse? Results from a controlled family study of ADHD
    • quiz 22-13
    • Wilens TE, Adamson J, Sgambati S, et al. Do individuals with ADHD self-medicate with cigarettes and substances of abuse? Results from a controlled family study of ADHD. Am J Addict. 2007;16(suppl 1): 14-21; quiz 22-13.
    • (2007) Am J Addict , vol.16 , pp. 14-21
    • Wilens, T.E.1    Adamson, J.2    Sgambati, S.3
  • 54
    • 79954549233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evidence based review of acute and long-term effects of cannabis use on executive cognitive functions
    • Crean RD, Crane NA, Mason BJ. An evidence based review of acute and long-term effects of cannabis use on executive cognitive functions. J Addict Med. 2011;5:1-8.
    • (2011) J Addict Med , vol.5 , pp. 1-8
    • Crean, R.D.1    Crane, N.A.2    Mason, B.J.3
  • 55
    • 34548126093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological functioning in adolescent marijuana users: Subtle deficits detectable after a month of abstinence
    • Medina KL, Hanson KL, Schweinsburg AD, et al. Neuropsychological functioning in adolescent marijuana users: subtle deficits detectable after a month of abstinence. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2007;13: 807-820.
    • (2007) J Int Neuropsychol Soc , vol.13 , pp. 807-820
    • Medina, K.L.1    Hanson, K.L.2    Schweinsburg, A.D.3
  • 56
    • 84857815393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute cannabis consumption and motor vehicle collision risk: Systematic review of observational studies and meta-analysis
    • Asbridge M, Hayden JA, Cartwright JL. Acute cannabis consumption and motor vehicle collision risk: systematic review of observational studies and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2012;344:e536.
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.344 , pp. e536
    • Asbridge, M.1    Hayden, J.A.2    Cartwright, J.L.3
  • 57
    • 0029912025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor vehicle driving competencies and risks in teens and young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    • Barkley RA, Murphy KR, Kwasnik D. Motor vehicle driving competencies and risks in teens and young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 1996;98:1089-1095.
    • (1996) Pediatrics , vol.98 , pp. 1089-1095
    • Barkley, R.A.1    Murphy, K.R.2    Kwasnik, D.3
  • 58
    • 33749670691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What we know about ADHD and driving risk: A literature review, meta-analysis and critique
    • Jerome L, Segal A, Habinski L. What we know about ADHD and driving risk: a literature review, meta-analysis and critique. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;15:105-125.
    • (2006) J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.15 , pp. 105-125
    • Jerome, L.1    Segal, A.2    Habinski, L.3
  • 59
    • 0034031089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder among substance abusers
    • Schubiner H, Tzelepis A, Milberger S, et al. Prevalence of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder among substance abusers. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61:244-251.
    • (2000) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.61 , pp. 244-251
    • Schubiner, H.1    Tzelepis, A.2    Milberger, S.3
  • 61
    • 84904186032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marijuana-using drivers, alcohol-using drivers, and their passengers: Prevalence and risk factors among underage college students
    • Whitehill JM, Rivara FP, Moreno MA. Marijuana-using drivers, alcohol-using drivers, and their passengers: prevalence and risk factors among underage college students. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168: 618-624.
    • (2014) JAMA Pediatr , vol.168 , pp. 618-624
    • Whitehill, J.M.1    Rivara, F.P.2    Moreno, M.A.3
  • 62
    • 84867091431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife
    • Meier MH, Caspi A, Ambler A, et al. Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:E2657-E2664.
    • (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.109 , pp. E2657-E2664
    • Meier, M.H.1    Caspi, A.2    Ambler, A.3
  • 63
    • 34447619511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: A systematic review
    • Moore TH, Zammit S, Lingford-Hughes A, et al. Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet. 2007;370:319-328.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 319-328
    • Moore, T.H.1    Zammit, S.2    Lingford-Hughes, A.3
  • 64
    • 84860736918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis, schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses: 35 years of followup of a population-based cohort
    • Manrique-Garcia E, Zammit S, Dalman C, et al. Cannabis, schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses: 35 years of followup of a population-based cohort. Psychol Med. 2012;42:1321-1328.
    • (2012) Psychol Med , vol.42 , pp. 1321-1328
    • Manrique-Garcia, E.1    Zammit, S.2    Dalman, C.3
  • 65
    • 84869204061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis and depression: An integrative data analysis of four Australasian cohorts
    • Horwood LJ, Fergusson DM, Coffey C, et al. Cannabis and depression: an integrative data analysis of four Australasian cohorts. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012;126:369-378.
    • (2012) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.126 , pp. 369-378
    • Horwood, L.J.1    Fergusson, D.M.2    Coffey, C.3
  • 66
    • 84875258775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal associations of cannabis and illicit drug use with depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among Nova Scotia high school students
    • Rasic D, Weerasinghe S, Asbridge M, et al. Longitudinal associations of cannabis and illicit drug use with depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among Nova Scotia high school students. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;129:49-53.
    • (2013) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.129 , pp. 49-53
    • Rasic, D.1    Weerasinghe, S.2    Asbridge, M.3
  • 67
    • 84871681214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The persistence of the association between adolescent cannabis use and common mental disorders into young adulthood
    • Degenhardt L, Coffey C, Romaniuk H, et al. The persistence of the association between adolescent cannabis use and common mental disorders into young adulthood. Addiction. 2013;108:124-133.
    • (2013) Addiction , vol.108 , pp. 124-133
    • Degenhardt, L.1    Coffey, C.2    Romaniuk, H.3
  • 68
    • 70349281437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endocannabinoid system and the regulation of neural development: Potential implications in psychiatric disorders
    • Galve-Roperh I, Palazuelos J, Aguado T, et al. The endocannabinoid system and the regulation of neural development: potential implications in psychiatric disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009;259:371-382.
    • (2009) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.259 , pp. 371-382
    • Galve-Roperh, I.1    Palazuelos, J.2    Aguado, T.3
  • 69
    • 43749124806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Puberty as a highly vulnerable developmental period for the consequences of cannabis exposure
    • Schneider M. Puberty as a highly vulnerable developmental period for the consequences of cannabis exposure. Addict Biol. 2008;13: 253-263.
    • (2008) Addict Biol , vol.13 , pp. 253-263
    • Schneider, M.1
  • 70
    • 84901744416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into the molecular pathophysiology of fragile X syndrome and therapeutic perspectives from the animal model
    • Busquets-Garcia A, Maldonado R, Ozaita A. New insights into the molecular pathophysiology of fragile X syndrome and therapeutic perspectives from the animal model. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2014; 53:121-126.
    • (2014) Int J Biochem Cell Biol , vol.53 , pp. 121-126
    • Busquets-Garcia, A.1    Maldonado, R.2    Ozaita, A.3
  • 71
    • 84877627117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the endocannabinoid system in the treatment of fragile X syndrome
    • Busquets-Garcia A, Gomis-Gonzalez M, Guegan T, et al. Targeting the endocannabinoid system in the treatment of fragile X syndrome. Nat Med. 2013;19:603-607.
    • (2013) Nat Med , vol.19 , pp. 603-607
    • Busquets-Garcia, A.1    Gomis-Gonzalez, M.2    Guegan, T.3
  • 72
    • 84867013830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncoupling of the endocannabinoid signalling complex in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome
    • Jung KM, Sepers M, Henstridge CM, et al. Uncoupling of the endocannabinoid signalling complex in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Nat Commun. 2012;3:1080.
    • (2012) Nat Commun , vol.3 , pp. 1080
    • Jung, K.M.1    Sepers, M.2    Henstridge, C.M.3
  • 73
    • 84863204350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of long-term cannabis use on axonal fibre connectivity
    • Zalesky A, Solowij N, Yucel M, et al. Effect of long-term cannabis use on axonal fibre connectivity. Brain. 2012;135:2245-2255.
    • (2012) Brain , vol.135 , pp. 2245-2255
    • Zalesky, A.1    Solowij, N.2    Yucel, M.3
  • 74
    • 84866363502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between cannabinoid receptor-1 (CNR1) variation and hippocampus and amygdala volumes in heavy cannabis users
    • Schacht JP, Hutchison KE, Filbey FM. Associations between cannabinoid receptor-1 (CNR1) variation and hippocampus and amygdala volumes in heavy cannabis users. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012;37:2368-2376.
    • (2012) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.37 , pp. 2368-2376
    • Schacht, J.P.1    Hutchison, K.E.2    Filbey, F.M.3
  • 76
    • 33645347973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids in medicine: A review of their therapeutic potential
    • Ben Amar M. Cannabinoids in medicine: a review of their therapeutic potential. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006;105:1-25.
    • (2006) J Ethnopharmacol , vol.105 , pp. 1-25
    • Ben Amar, M.1
  • 77
    • 84923194279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed March 30, 2014
    • Mothers for Medical Marijuana Treatment for Autism. Available at: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Mothers-for-medical-marijuana-treatment-for-autism/236681176392778. Accessed March 30, 2014.
    • Mothers for Medical Marijuana Treatment for Autism
  • 79
    • 84923194275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed March 30, 2014
    • Pediatric Cannabis Therapy. Available at: https://www.facebook. com/groups/151947154925108/. Accessed March 30, 2014.
    • Pediatric Cannabis Therapy
  • 81
    • 84923167239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed March 26, 2014
    • Adams M. Marijuana May be Used to Treat Autism. 2013. Available at: http://www.hightimes.com/read/marijuana-may-be-used-treat-autism. Accessed March 26, 2014.
    • (2013) Marijuana May Be Used to Treat Autism
    • Adams, M.1
  • 83
    • 84923184269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of dronabinol (delta-9-THC) in autism: A prospective single-case-study with an early infantile autistic child
    • Kurz R, Blaas K. Use of dronabinol (delta-9-THC) in autism: a prospective single-case-study with an early infantile autistic child. Cannabinoids. 2010;5:4-6.
    • (2010) Cannabinoids , vol.5 , pp. 4-6
    • Kurz, R.1    Blaas, K.2
  • 85
    • 7444253303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the validity and significance of cannabis withdrawal syndrome
    • Budney AJ, Hughes JR, Moore BA, et al. Review of the validity and significance of cannabis withdrawal syndrome. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:1967-1977.
    • (2004) Am J Psychiatry , vol.161 , pp. 1967-1977
    • Budney, A.J.1    Hughes, J.R.2    Moore, B.A.3
  • 86
    • 84923198390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open label study of the use of dronabinol (Marinol) in the management of treatment-resistant selfinjurious behavior in 10 retarded adolescent patients
    • Kruger T, Christophersen E. An open label study of the use of dronabinol (Marinol) in the management of treatment-resistant selfinjurious behavior in 10 retarded adolescent patients. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2006;27:433.
    • (2006) J Dev Behav Pediatr , vol.27 , pp. 433
    • Kruger, T.1    Christophersen, E.2
  • 89
    • 84878347361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical decisions. Medicinal use of marijuana-polling results
    • Adler JN, Colbert JA. Clinical decisions. Medicinal use of marijuana- polling results. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:e30.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.368 , pp. e30
    • Adler, J.N.1    Colbert, J.A.2
  • 91
    • 72849123520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the roles of cannabinoids in pain and other therapeutic indications: A review
    • Turcotte D, Le Dorze JA, Esfahani F, et al. Examining the roles of cannabinoids in pain and other therapeutic indications: a review. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010;11: 17-31.
    • (2010) Expert Opin Pharmacother , vol.11 , pp. 17-31
    • Turcotte, D.1    Le Dorze, J.A.2    Esfahani, F.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.