메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

Dynamic evolution of the alpha (α) and beta (β) keratins has accompanied integument diversification and the adaptation of birds into novel lifestyles

Author keywords

Alpha ( ) keratin; Beta ( ) keratin; Bird; Evo devo; Feather; Genome; Skin appendages

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; BIRD; GENE EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; PHYLOGENETICS; POPULATION GENETICS; SKIN;

EID: 84923103958     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712148     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0249-1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (85)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0003900213 scopus 로고
    • New York: W.H. Freeman and Company
    • Gill FB: Ornithology. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company; 1995.
    • (1995) Ornithology
    • Gill, F.B.1
  • 2
    • 0008321957 scopus 로고
    • Development of feather keratin during embryogenesis of the chick
    • Bell E, Thathachari YT: Development of feather keratin during embryogenesis of the chick. J Cell Biol 1963, 16(2):215-223.
    • (1963) J Cell Biol , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 215-223
    • Bell, E.1    Thathachari, Y.T.2
  • 3
    • 0014807151 scopus 로고
    • Morphological and biophysical identification of fibrous proteins in the amniote epidermis
    • Baden HP, Maderson PFA: Morphological and biophysical identification of fibrous proteins in the amniote epidermis. J Exp Zool 1970, 174:225-232.
    • (1970) J Exp Zool , vol.174 , pp. 225-232
    • Baden, H.P.1    Maderson, P.F.A.2
  • 4
    • 0021674073 scopus 로고
    • K?Nig G, Sawyer RH: Avian feather development: Relationships between morphogenesis and keratinization
    • Haake AR, K?nig G, Sawyer RH: Avian feather development: relationships between morphogenesis and keratinization. Dev Biol 1984, 106:406-413.
    • (1984) Dev Biol , vol.106 , pp. 406-413
    • Haake, A.R.1
  • 5
    • 0022272948 scopus 로고
    • Gene for hair and avian keratins
    • Rogers GE: Gene for hair and avian keratins. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985, 455:403-425.
    • (1985) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.455 , pp. 403-425
    • Rogers, G.E.1
  • 7
    • 84857216135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation and functional diversification of alpha keratins during early vertebrate evolution
    • Vandebergh W, Bossuyt F: Radiation and functional diversification of alpha keratins during early vertebrate evolution. Mol Biol Evol 2012, 29(3):995-1004.
    • (2012) Mol Biol Evol , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 995-1004
    • Vandebergh, W.1    Bossuyt, F.2
  • 8
    • 77952253819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic organization and molecular phylogenies of the beta (β) keratin multigene family in the chicken (Gallus gallus) and zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata): Implications for feather evolution
    • Greenwold MJ, Sawyer RH: Genomic organization and molecular phylogenies of the beta (β) keratin multigene family in the chicken (Gallus gallus) and zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) : implications for feather evolution. BMC Evol Biol 2010, 10:148.
    • (2010) BMC Evol Biol , vol.10 , pp. 148
    • Greenwold, M.J.1    Sawyer, R.H.2
  • 9
    • 84881546284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular evolution and expression of archosaurian β-keratins: Diversification and expansion of archosaurian β-keratins and the origin of feather β-keratins
    • Greenwold MJ, Sawyer RH: Molecular evolution and expression of archosaurian β-keratins: Diversification and expansion of archosaurian β-keratins and the origin of feather β-keratins. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) 2013, 320B:393-405.
    • (2013) J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) , vol.320 B , pp. 393-405
    • Greenwold, M.J.1    Sawyer, R.H.2
  • 10
    • 84881554813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid evolution of beta-keratin genes contribute to phenotypic differences that distinguish turtles and birds from other reptiles
    • Li YI, Kong L, Ponting CP, Haerty W: Rapid evolution of beta-keratin genes contribute to phenotypic differences that distinguish turtles and birds from other reptiles. Genome Biol Evol 2013, 5(5):923-933.
    • (2013) Genome Biol Evol , vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp. 923-933
    • Li, Y.I.1    Kong, L.2    Ponting, C.P.3    Haerty, W.4
  • 11
    • 0017176994 scopus 로고
    • Organization of the polypeptide chains in mammalian keratin
    • Lee LD, Baden HP: Organization of the polypeptide chains in mammalian keratin. Nature 1976, 264:377-379.
    • (1976) Nature , vol.264 , pp. 377-379
    • Lee, L.D.1    Baden, H.P.2
  • 12
    • 0022348539 scopus 로고
    • Pair formation and promiscuity of cytokeratins: Formation in vitro of heterotypic complexes and intermediate-sized filaments by homologous and heterologous recombinations of purified polypeptides
    • Hatzfeld M, Franke WW: Pair formation and promiscuity of cytokeratins: formation in vitro of heterotypic complexes and intermediate-sized filaments by homologous and heterologous recombinations of purified polypeptides. J Cell Biol 1985, 101:1826-1841.
    • (1985) J Cell Biol , vol.101 , pp. 1826-1841
    • Hatzfeld, M.1    Franke, W.W.2
  • 13
    • 0021063856 scopus 로고
    • Type I and type II keratins have evolved from lower eukaryotes to form the epidermal intermediate filaments in mammalian skin
    • Fuchs E, Marchuk D: Type I and type II keratins have evolved from lower eukaryotes to form the epidermal intermediate filaments in mammalian skin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1983, 80:5857-5861.
    • (1983) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.80 , pp. 5857-5861
    • Fuchs, E.1    Marchuk, D.2
  • 15
    • 0020035920 scopus 로고
    • Avian scale development: VIII. Relationships between morphogenetic and biosynthetic differentiation
    • O'Guin MW, Sawyer RH: Avian scale development: VIII. Relationships between morphogenetic and biosynthetic differentiation. Dev Biol 1982, 89:485-492.
    • (1982) Dev Biol , vol.89 , pp. 485-492
    • O'Guin, M.W.1    Sawyer, R.H.2
  • 16
    • 0000946182 scopus 로고
    • Epidermis, Dermis and Appendages
    • Bereiter-Hahn J, Matoltsy AG, Richards KS. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    • Sawyer RH, Knapp LW, O'Guin WM: Epidermis, Dermis and Appendages. In Biology of the Integument 2 Vertebrates. Edited by Bereiter-Hahn J, Matoltsy AG, Richards KS. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1986:194-238.
    • (1986) Biology of the Integument 2 Vertebrates , pp. 194-238
    • Sawyer, R.H.1    Knapp, L.W.2    O'Guin, W.M.3
  • 17
    • 0347824245 scopus 로고
    • Avian spur development: Abnormal morphogenesis and Keratinization in the Scaleless (sc/sc) mutant
    • Smoak DK, Sawyer RH: Avian spur development: abnormal morphogenesis and Keratinization in the Scaleless (sc/sc) mutant. Trans Am Microsc Soc 1983, 102(2):135-144.
    • (1983) Trans Am Microsc Soc , vol.102 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-144
    • Smoak, D.K.1    Sawyer, R.H.2
  • 18
    • 0023776447 scopus 로고
    • Avian scale development: XI. Immunoelectron microscopic localization of α and β Keratins in the Scutate Scale
    • Carver WE, Sawyer RH: Avian scale development: XI. Immunoelectron microscopic localization of α and β Keratins in the Scutate Scale. J Morphol 1988, 195:31-43.
    • (1988) J Morphol , vol.195 , pp. 31-43
    • Carver, W.E.1    Sawyer, R.H.2
  • 19
    • 0024395397 scopus 로고
    • Keratinization of the outer surface of the avian scutate scale: Interrelationship of alpha and beta keratin filaments in a cornifying tissue
    • Shames RB, Knapp LW, Carver WE, Washington LD, Sawyer RH: Keratinization of the outer surface of the avian scutate scale: interrelationship of alpha and beta keratin filaments in a cornifying tissue. Cell Tissue Res 1989, 257:85-92.
    • (1989) Cell Tissue Res , vol.257 , pp. 85-92
    • Shames, R.B.1    Knapp, L.W.2    Carver, W.E.3    Washington, L.D.4    Sawyer, R.H.5
  • 20
    • 0024570234 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical localization and biochemical analysis of α and β keratins in the avian lingual epithelium
    • Carver WE, Sawyer RH: Immunocytochemical localization and biochemical analysis of α and β keratins in the avian lingual epithelium. Am J Anat 1989, 184:66-75.
    • (1989) Am J Anat , vol.184 , pp. 66-75
    • Carver, W.E.1    Sawyer, R.H.2
  • 21
    • 0027301205 scopus 로고
    • Region-specific patterns of beta keratin expression during avian skin development
    • Knapp LW, Shames RB, Barnes GL, Sawyer RH: Region-specific patterns of beta keratin expression during avian skin development. Dev Dyn 1993, 196:283-290.
    • (1993) Dev Dyn , vol.196 , pp. 283-290
    • Knapp, L.W.1    Shames, R.B.2    Barnes, G.L.3    Sawyer, R.H.4
  • 23
    • 0017181635 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation in Avian Keratinocytes
    • Walker ID, Rogers GE: Differentiation in Avian Keratinocytes. Eur J Biochem 1976, 69:329-339.
    • (1976) Eur J Biochem , vol.69 , pp. 329-339
    • Walker, I.D.1    Rogers, G.E.2
  • 24
    • 0017097132 scopus 로고
    • The structural basis for the heterogeneity of chick down feather keratin
    • Walker ID, Rogers GE: The structural basis for the heterogeneity of chick down feather keratin. Eur J Biochem 1976, 69:341-350.
    • (1976) Eur J Biochem , vol.69 , pp. 341-350
    • Walker, I.D.1    Rogers, G.E.2
  • 25
    • 0018797521 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of messenger RNA coding for the " fast " protein of embryonic chick feathers
    • Powell BC, Rogers GE: Isolation of messenger RNA coding for the " fast " protein of embryonic chick feathers. Nucleic Acids Res 1979, 8: 2165-2176.
    • (1979) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.8 , pp. 2165-2176
    • Powell, B.C.1    Rogers, G.E.2
  • 26
    • 33646034296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell structure of developing down feathers in the zebrafinch with emphasis on barb ridge morphogenesis
    • Alibardi L, Sawyer RH: Cell structure of developing down feathers in the zebrafinch with emphasis on barb ridge morphogenesis. J Anat 2006, 208(5):621-642.
    • (2006) J Anat , vol.208 , Issue.5 , pp. 621-642
    • Alibardi, L.1    Sawyer, R.H.2
  • 27
    • 84876738874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunolocalization of alpha-keratins and feather beta-keratins in feather cells and comparison with the general process of cornification in the skin of mammals
    • Alibardi L: Immunolocalization of alpha-keratins and feather beta-keratins in feather cells and comparison with the general process of cornification in the skin of mammals. Ann Anat 2013, 195:189-198.
    • (2013) Ann Anat , vol.195 , pp. 189-198
    • Alibardi, L.1
  • 28
    • 84897540268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a feather β-keratin gene exclusively expressed in pennaceous barbule cells of contour feathers in chicken
    • Kowata K, Nakaoka M, Nishio K, Fukao A, Satoh A, Ogoshi M, Takahashi S, Tsudzuki M, Takeuchi S: Identification of a feather β-keratin gene exclusively expressed in pennaceous barbule cells of contour feathers in chicken. Gene 2014, 542:23-28.
    • (2014) Gene , vol.542 , pp. 23-28
    • Kowata, K.1    Nakaoka, M.2    Nishio, K.3    Fukao, A.4    Satoh, A.5    Ogoshi, M.6    Takahashi, S.7    Tsudzuki, M.8    Takeuchi, S.9
  • 29
    • 0024357840 scopus 로고
    • Avian keratin genes I: A molecular analysis of the structure and expression of a group of feather keratin genes
    • Presland RB, Gregg K, Molloy PL, Morris CP, Crocker LA, Rogers GE: Avian keratin genes I: a molecular analysis of the structure and expression of a group of feather keratin genes. J Mol Biol 1989, 209:549-559.
    • (1989) J Mol Biol , vol.209 , pp. 549-559
    • Presland, R.B.1    Gregg, K.2    Molloy, P.L.3    Morris, C.P.4    Crocker, L.A.5    Rogers, G.E.6
  • 30
    • 0024388202 scopus 로고
    • Avian keratin genes II: Chromosomal arrangement and close linkage of three gene families
    • Presland RB, Whitbread LA, Rogers GE: Avian keratin genes II: chromosomal arrangement and close linkage of three gene families. J Mol Biol 1989, 209:561-576.
    • (1989) J Mol Biol , vol.209 , pp. 561-576
    • Presland, R.B.1    Whitbread, L.A.2    Rogers, G.E.3
  • 31
    • 0025856204 scopus 로고
    • The structure and expression of a gene encoding chick claw keratin
    • Whitbread LA, Gregg K, Rogers GE: The structure and expression of a gene encoding chick claw keratin. Gene 1991, 101:223-229.
    • (1991) Gene , vol.101 , pp. 223-229
    • Whitbread, L.A.1    Gregg, K.2    Rogers, G.E.3
  • 32
    • 16644382276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial cultivation of chicken keratinocytes, a composite cell type that accumulates lipids and synthesizes a novel β-keratin
    • Vanhoutteghem A, Londero T, Djian P, Ghinea N: Serial cultivation of chicken keratinocytes, a composite cell type that accumulates lipids and synthesizes a novel β-keratin. Differentiation 2004, 72(4):123-137.
    • (2004) Differentiation , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 123-137
    • Vanhoutteghem, A.1    Londero, T.2    Djian, P.3    Ghinea, N.4
  • 33
    • 64349087435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • β-Keratins of the Crocodilian epidermis: Composition, structure, and phylogenetic relationships
    • Dalla Valle L, Nardi A, Gelmi C, Toni M, Emera D, Alibardi L: β-Keratins of the Crocodilian epidermis: composition, structure, and phylogenetic relationships. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) 2009, 312B:42-57.
    • (2009) J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) , vol.312 B , pp. 42-57
    • Dalla Valle, L.1    Nardi, A.2    Gelmi, C.3    Toni, M.4    Emera, D.5    Alibardi, L.6
  • 34
    • 59149105535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-keratins of turtle shell are glycine-proline-tyrosine rich proteins similar to those of crocodilians and birds
    • Dalla Valle L, Nardi A, Toni M, Emera D, Alibardi L: Beta-keratins of turtle shell are glycine-proline-tyrosine rich proteins similar to those of crocodilians and birds. J Anat 2009, 214:284-300.
    • (2009) J Anat , vol.214 , pp. 284-300
    • Dalla Valle, L.1    Nardi, A.2    Toni, M.3    Emera, D.4    Alibardi, L.5
  • 35
    • 72649095851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forty keratin associated β-proteins (β-keratins) form the hard layers of scales, claws, and adhesive pads in the green anole lizard, Anolis
    • Dalla Valle L, Nardi A, Bonazza G, Zuccal C, Emera D, Alibardi L: Forty keratin associated β-proteins (β-keratins) form the hard layers of scales, claws, and adhesive pads in the green anole lizard, Anolis. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) 2010, 314B:11-32.
    • (2010) J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) , vol.314 B , pp. 11-32
    • Dalla Valle, L.1    Nardi, A.2    Bonazza, G.3    Zuccal, C.4    Emera, D.5    Alibardi, L.6
  • 36
    • 81355160647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking the molecular evolution of avian beta (β) keratins to the evolution of feathers
    • Greenwold MJ, Sawyer RH: Linking the molecular evolution of avian beta (β) keratins to the evolution of feathers. J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) 2011, 316:609-616.
    • (2011) J Exp Zool (Mol Dev Evol) , vol.316 , pp. 609-616
    • Greenwold, M.J.1    Sawyer, R.H.2
  • 37
    • 0029557255 scopus 로고
    • Specific activation in jun-transformed avian fibroblasts of a gene (bkj) related to the avian β-keratin gene family
    • Hartl M, Bister K: Specific activation in jun-transformed avian fibroblasts of a gene (bkj) related to the avian β-keratin gene family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995, 92:11731-11735.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.92 , pp. 11731-11735
    • Hartl, M.1    Bister, K.2
  • 38
    • 1842471992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive analysis of keratin gene clusters in humans and rodents
    • Hesse M, Zimek A, Weber K, Magin TM: Comprehensive analysis of keratin gene clusters in humans and rodents. Eur J Cell Biol 2004, 83:19-26.
    • (2004) Eur J Cell Biol , vol.83 , pp. 19-26
    • Hesse, M.1    Zimek, A.2    Weber, K.3    Magin, T.M.4
  • 39
    • 20444449357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrestrial vertebrates have two keratin gene clusters; striking differences in teleost fish
    • Zimek A, Weber K: Terrestrial vertebrates have two keratin gene clusters; striking differences in teleost fish. Eur J Cell Biol 2005, 84:623-635.
    • (2005) Eur J Cell Biol , vol.84 , pp. 623-635
    • Zimek, A.1    Weber, K.2
  • 46
    • 44149099717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human keratins: Biology and pathology
    • Moll R, Divo M, Langbein L: The human keratins: biology and pathology. Histochem Cell Biol 2008, 129(6):705-733.
    • (2008) Histochem Cell Biol , vol.129 , Issue.6 , pp. 705-733
    • Moll, R.1    Divo, M.2    Langbein, L.3
  • 47
    • 0032530408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular markers for cell types of the inner ear and candidate genes for hearing disorders
    • Heller S, Sheane CA, Javed Z, Hudspeth AJ: Molecular markers for cell types of the inner ear and candidate genes for hearing disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998, 95:11400-11405.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.95 , pp. 11400-11405
    • Heller, S.1    Sheane, C.A.2    Javed, Z.3    Hudspeth, A.J.4
  • 48
    • 0347824209 scopus 로고
    • The "frizzle " character of fowls, its expression and inheritance
    • Landauer W, Dunn LC: The "frizzle " character of fowls, its expression and inheritance. J Hered 1930, 21:290-305.
    • (1930) J Hered , vol.21 , pp. 290-305
    • Landauer, W.1    Dunn, L.C.2
  • 49
    • 0023898752 scopus 로고
    • Concerted gene duplications in the two keratin gene families
    • Blumenberg M: Concerted gene duplications in the two keratin gene families. J Mol Evol 1988, 27:203-211.
    • (1988) J Mol Evol , vol.27 , pp. 203-211
    • Blumenberg, M.1
  • 50
    • 40449141576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a newly developed chicken 44 K Agilent microarray
    • Li X, Chiang H, Zhu J, Dowd SE, Zhou H: Characterization of a newly developed chicken 44 K Agilent microarray. BMC Genomics 2008, 9:60.
    • (2008) BMC Genomics , vol.9 , pp. 60
    • Li, X.1    Chiang, H.2    Zhu, J.3    Dowd, S.E.4    Zhou, H.5
  • 52
    • 0004175586 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Sengel P: Morphogenesis of skin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1976.
    • (1976) Morphogenesis of Skin
    • Sengel, P.1
  • 53
    • 0000500870 scopus 로고
    • Avian scale development. I. Histogenesis and morphogenesis of the epidermis and dermis during formation of the scale ridge
    • Sawyer RH: Avian scale development. I. Histogenesis and morphogenesis of the epidermis and dermis during formation of the scale ridge. J Exp Zool 1972, 181:365-383.
    • (1972) J Exp Zool , vol.181 , pp. 365-383
    • Sawyer, R.H.1
  • 55
    • 0022534096 scopus 로고
    • Expression of β-keratin genes during skin development in normal and sc/sc chick embryos
    • Shames RB, Sawyer RH: Expression of β-keratin genes during skin development in normal and sc/sc chick embryos. Dev Biol 1986, 116 (1):15-22.
    • (1986) Dev Biol , vol.116 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-22
    • Shames, R.B.1    Sawyer, R.H.2
  • 56
    • 0023085795 scopus 로고
    • Expression of β-keratin Genes during Development of Avian Skin Appendages
    • Chapter 11 Moscona AA, Monroy A. New York: Academic Press, Inc
    • Shames RB, Sawyer RH: Chapter 11, Expression of β-keratin Genes during Development of Avian Skin Appendages. In Current Topics in Developmental Biology. Edited by Moscona AA, Monroy A. New York: Academic Press, Inc; 1987:235-253.
    • (1987) Current Topics in Developmental Biology , pp. 235-253
    • Shames, R.B.1    Sawyer, R.H.2
  • 58
    • 0023128848 scopus 로고
    • Mammalian chiasma frequencies as a test of two theories of recombination
    • Burt A, Bell G: Mammalian chiasma frequencies as a test of two theories of recombination. Nature 1987, 326:803-805.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.326 , pp. 803-805
    • Burt, A.1    Bell, G.2
  • 59
    • 1242276564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of recombination under domestication: A test of two hypotheses
    • Ross-Ibarra J: The evolution of recombination under domestication: a test of two hypotheses. Am Nat 2004, 163:105-112.
    • (2004) Am Nat , vol.163 , pp. 105-112
    • Ross-Ibarra, J.1
  • 60
    • 0015505492 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of avian keratinocytes. Characterization and relations of the keratin proteins of adult and embryonic feathers and scales
    • Kemp DJ, Rogers GE: Differentiation of avian keratinocytes. Characterization and relations of the keratin proteins of adult and embryonic feathers and scales. Biochemistry 1972, 11(6):969-975.
    • (1972) Biochemistry , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 969-975
    • Kemp, D.J.1    Rogers, G.E.2
  • 61
    • 0017170928 scopus 로고
    • The Keratin Chains of avian scale tissue
    • Walker ID, Bridgen J: The Keratin Chains of avian scale tissue. Eur J Biochem 1976, 67:283-293.
    • (1976) Eur J Biochem , vol.67 , pp. 283-293
    • Walker, I.D.1    Bridgen, J.2
  • 62
    • 0016687418 scopus 로고
    • Unique and repetitive sequences in multiple genes for feather keratin
    • Kemp DJ: Unique and repetitive sequences in multiple genes for feather keratin. Nature 1975, 254:573-577.
    • (1975) Nature , vol.254 , pp. 573-577
    • Kemp, D.J.1
  • 63
    • 0000625315 scopus 로고
    • Feather Keratin: Composition, Structure, and Biogenesis
    • Bereiter-Hahn J, Maltotsy AG, Richards KS. New York: Springer-Verlag
    • Gregg K, Rogers GE: Feather Keratin: Composition, Structure, and Biogenesis. In Biology of the Integument, Vol. 2. Vertebrates. Edited by Bereiter-Hahn J, Maltotsy AG, Richards KS. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1986:666-694.
    • (1986) Biology of the Integument, Vol. 2. Vertebrates , pp. 666-694
    • Gregg, K.1    Rogers, G.E.2
  • 64
    • 0024048971 scopus 로고
    • Identification, expression, and localization of β keratin gene products during development of avian scutate scales
    • Shames RB, Knapp LW, Carver WE, Sawyer RH: Identification, expression, and localization of β keratin gene products during development of avian scutate scales. Differentiation 1988, 38(2):115-123.
    • (1988) Differentiation , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-123
    • Shames, R.B.1    Knapp, L.W.2    Carver, W.E.3    Sawyer, R.H.4
  • 65
    • 0025819807 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical identification and immunological localization of two non-keratin polypeptides associated with the terminal differentiation of avian scale epidermis
    • Knapp LW, Linser PJ, Carver WE, Sawyer RH: Biochemical identification and immunological localization of two non-keratin polypeptides associated with the terminal differentiation of avian scale epidermis. Cell Tissue Res 1991, 265(3):535-545.
    • (1991) Cell Tissue Res , vol.265 , Issue.3 , pp. 535-545
    • Knapp, L.W.1    Linser, P.J.2    Carver, W.E.3    Sawyer, R.H.4
  • 66
    • 84875382703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MicroRNA profile analysis on duck feather follicle and skin with high-throughput sequencing technology
    • Zhang L, Nie Q, Su Y, Xie X, Luo W, Jia X, Zhang X: MicroRNA profile analysis on duck feather follicle and skin with high-throughput sequencing technology. Gene 2013, 519:77-81.
    • (2013) Gene , vol.519 , pp. 77-81
    • Zhang, L.1    Nie, Q.2    Su, Y.3    Xie, X.4    Luo, W.5    Jia, X.6    Zhang, X.7
  • 67
    • 33745700501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bird claws and bird of prey talons: Where is the difference?
    • Csermely D, Rossi O: Bird claws and bird of prey talons: where is the difference? Ital J Zool 2006, 73:43-53.
    • (2006) Ital J Zool , vol.73 , pp. 43-53
    • Csermely, D.1    Rossi, O.2
  • 68
    • 71049181892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predatory functional morphology in raptors: Interdigital variation in talon size is related to prey restraint and immobilisation technique
    • Fowler DW, Freedman EA, Scannella JB: Predatory functional morphology in raptors: interdigital variation in talon size is related to prey restraint and immobilisation technique. PLoS ONE 2009, 4(11):e7999.
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4 , Issue.11 , pp. e7999
    • Fowler, D.W.1    Freedman, E.A.2    Scannella, J.B.3
  • 69
    • 84870846624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pedal claw curvature in birds, lizards and mesozoi dinosaurs - complicated categories and compensating for mass-specific and phylogenetic control
    • Birn-Jeffery AV, Miller CE, Naish D, Rayfield EJ, Hone DWE: Pedal claw curvature in birds, lizards and mesozoi dinosaurs - complicated categories and compensating for mass-specific and phylogenetic control. PLoS ONE 2012, 7(12):e50555.
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7 , Issue.12 , pp. e50555
    • Birn-Jeffery, A.V.1    Miller, C.E.2    Naish, D.3    Rayfield, E.J.4    Hone, D.W.E.5
  • 71
    • 0041197235 scopus 로고
    • Wettability and phylogenetic development of feather structure in water birds
    • Rijke AM: Wettability and phylogenetic development of feather structure in water birds. J Exp Biol 1970, 52:469-479.
    • (1970) J Exp Biol , vol.52 , pp. 469-479
    • Rijke, A.M.1
  • 72
    • 0016095975 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid sequence of a feather keratin from Silver Gull (Larus novae-hollandiae) and comparison with one from Emu (Dromaius novae-hollandiae)
    • O'Donnell IJ, Inglis AS: Amino acid sequence of a feather keratin from Silver Gull (Larus novae-hollandiae) and comparison with one from Emu (Dromaius novae-hollandiae) . Aust J Biol Sci 1974, 27:369-382.
    • (1974) Aust J Biol Sci , vol.27 , pp. 369-382
    • O'Donnell, I.J.1    Inglis, A.S.2
  • 73
    • 72649095357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amniotes (Amniota)
    • Hedges SB, Kumar S. New York: Oxford Univ. Press
    • Shedlock AM, Edwards SV: Amniotes (Amniota). In The Timetree of Life. Edited by Hedges SB, Kumar S. New York: Oxford Univ. Press; 2009:375-379.
    • (2009) The Timetree of Life , pp. 375-379
    • Shedlock, A.M.1    Edwards, S.V.2
  • 74
    • 0036226603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BLAT-The BLAST-like alignment tool
    • Kent JW: BLAT-The BLAST-like alignment tool. Genome Res 2002, 12:656-664.
    • (2002) Genome Res , vol.12 , pp. 656-664
    • Kent, J.W.1
  • 76
    • 12044255022 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of covariance by computer simulation
    • Garland T, Dickerman AW, Janis CM, Jones JA: Phylogenetic analysis of covariance by computer simulation. Syst Biol 1993, 42(3):265-292.
    • (1993) Syst Biol , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 265-292
    • Garland, T.1    Dickerman, A.W.2    Janis, C.M.3    Jones, J.A.4
  • 78
    • 33750403801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAxML-VI-HPC: Maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models
    • Stamatakis A: RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 2006, 22(21):2688-2690.
    • (2006) Bioinformatics , vol.22 , Issue.21 , pp. 2688-2690
    • Stamatakis, A.1
  • 79
    • 18744382506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ProtTest: Selection of best-fit models of protein evolution
    • Abascal F, Zardoya R, Posada D: ProtTest: selection of best-fit models of protein evolution. Bioinformatics 2005, 21(9):2104-2105.
    • (2005) Bioinformatics , vol.21 , Issue.9 , pp. 2104-2105
    • Abascal, F.1    Zardoya, R.2    Posada, D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.