Global patterns of domestic cannabis cultivation: Sample characteristics and patterns of growing across eleven countries

International Journal of Drug Policy

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 226-237

  Potter, Gary R ^a   Barratt, Monica J ^b,c   Malm, Aili ^d   Bouchard, Martin ^e   Blok, Thomas ^f   Christensen, Anne Sofie ^g   Decorte, Tom ^h   Frank, Vibeke Asmussen ^g   Hakkarainen, Pekka ⁱ   Klein, Axel ^j   Lenton, Simon ^b   Perälä, Jussi ⁱ   Werse, Bernd ^k   Wouters, Marije ^f  

^a LONDON SOUTH BANK UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^d CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^f UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^g AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

^h GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

ⁱ NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^j UNIVERSITY OF KENT   (United Kingdom)

^k GOETHE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

more..

Author keywords

Cannabis cultivation; Drug markets; International comparative research; Online survey

Indexed keywords

CANNABIS; ILLICIT DRUG; CANNABINOID;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; AUSTRIA; BELGIUM; CANADA; CANNABIS CULTIVATION; CANNABIS USE; CRIME; CROP PRODUCTION; DENMARK; DETENTION; DRUG TRAFFIC; FEMALE; FINLAND; GARDENING; GERMANY; HUMAN; MALE; NETHERLANDS; SUBSTANCE USE; SWITZERLAND; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMMERCIAL PHENOMENA; COOPERATION; DRUG CONTROL; ECONOMICS; EUROPE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; INTERNET; LEGISLATION AND JURISPRUDENCE; MANAGEMENT; MARIJUANA ABUSE; MIDDLE AGED; MOTIVATION; MULTICENTER STUDY; NORTH AMERICA; OFFENDER; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; PSYCHOLOGY; PUBLIC HEALTH; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SOCIOECONOMICS; SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AUSTRALIA; CANNABINOIDS; CANNABIS; COMMERCE; COOPERATIVE BEHAVIOR; CRIMINALS; DRUG AND NARCOTIC CONTROL; DRUG TRAFFICKING; EUROPE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; INTERNATIONALITY; INTERNET; MALE; MARIJUANA ABUSE; MIDDLE AGED; MOTIVATION; NORTH AMERICA; POLICY MAKING; PUBLIC HEALTH; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84922519849     PISSN: 09553959     EISSN: 18734758     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.12.007     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Barratt M., Lenton S. Representativeness of online purposive sampling with Australian cannabis cultivators. International Journal of Drug Policy 2015, (in this issue).
2. Barratt M., Bouchard M., Decorte T., Asmussen Frank V., Hakkarainen P., Lenton S., et al. Understanding global patterns of domestic cannabis cultivation. Drugs and Alcohol Today 2012, 12(4):213-221.
3. Barratt M., Potter G., Wouters M., Wilkins C., Werse B., Pedersen M., et al. Lessons from conducting trans-national internet-mediated participatory research with hidden populations of cannabis cultivators. International Journal of Drug Policy 2015, (in this issue).
4. Bouchard M. A capture-recapture model to estimate the size of criminal populations and the risks of detection in a marijuana cultivation industry. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 2007, 23:221-241.
5. Bouchard M., Alain M., Nguyen H. Convenient labour: The prevalence and nature of youth involvement in the cannabis cultivation industry. International Journal of Drug Policy 2009, 20:467-474.
6. Bouchard M., Potter G., Decorte T. Emerging trends in cannabis cultivation - and the way forward. World wide weed: Global trends in cannabis cultivation and its control 2011, Ashgate, Aldershot. Tom Decorte, Gary Potter, Martin Bouchard (Eds.).
7. Coomber R. Pusher myths: Re-situating the drug dealer 2006, Free Association Books, London.
8. Decorte T. Small scale domestic cannabis cultivation: An anonymous web survey among 659 cultivators in Belgium. Contemporary Drug Problems 2010, 37(2):341-370.
9. World wide weed: Global trends in cannabis cultivation and control 2011, Aldershot, Ashgate. T. Decorte, G. Potter, M. Bouchard (Eds.).
10. Decorte T., Barratt M.J., Nguyen H., Bouchard M., Malm A., Lenton S. International cannabis cultivation questionnaire (ICCQ) (Version 1.1) 2012, Global Cannabis Cultivation Research Consortium, Belgium.
11. Douglas J., Sullivan R. The role of child protection in cannabis grow-operations. International Journal of Drug Policy 2013, 24(5):445-448. 10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.01.003.
12. Frank V.A., Christensen A.S., Villumsen S., Dahl H.V. Cannabis dyrkning i Danmark. Cannabis - Forbrug, interventioner og marked i Danmark 2011, 147-171. Aarhsu University Press, Aarhus. V.A. Frank, H.V. Dahl (Eds.).
13. Hakkarainen P., Frank V.A., Barratt M., Dahl H., Decorte T., Karjalainen K., et al. Growing medicine: Small-scale cannabis cultivation for medical purposes in six different countries. International Journal of Drug Policy 2015, (in this issue).
14. Hakkarainen P., Frank V.A., Perälä J., Dahl H.V. Small-scale cannabis growers in Denmark and Finland. European Addiction Research 2011, 17(3):119-128.
15. Hakkarainen P., Perälä J., Metso L. Kukkaa pukkaa - Kannabiksen kotikasvatus Suomessa [Bud, bud, bud - Home growing of cannabis in Finland]. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka 2011, 76(2):148-168.
16. Hammersvik E., Sandberg S., Pedersen W. Why small-scale cannabis growers stay small: Five mechanisms that prevent small-scale growers from going large scale. International Journal of Drug Policy 2012, 23(6):458-464.
17. Hardie-Bick J., Sheptycki J., Wardak A. Transnational and comparative criminology in a global perspective. Transnational and comparative criminology 2005, GlassHouse Press, London. J. Sheptycki, A. Wardak (Eds.).
18. Heidensohn F. International comparative research in criminology. Doing research on crime and justice 2008, Oxford University Press, Oxford. R.D. King, E. Wincup (Eds.).
19. Hough M., Warburton H., Few B., May T., Man L.-H., Witton J., et al. A growing market: The domestic cultivation of cannabis 2003, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York.
20. INCB The use of cannabis seeds for illicit cultivation: Report of secretariat. Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 56th session 2013.
21. Jansen A. The economics of cannabis-cultivation in Europe. the 2nd European Conference on Drug Trafficking and Law Enforcement 2002, Paper presented at, Available at http://www.cedro-uva.org/lib/jansen.economics.html.
22. Lenton S. Changing cannabis laws to facilitate a shift to domestic cannabis production as a harm reduction strategy - A case study. World wide weed: The globalisation and localisation of cannabis cultivation 2011, 197-213. Ashgate, Farnham. T. Decorte, G. Potter, M. Bouchard (Eds.).
23. Lenton S., Frank V.A., Barratt M., Dahl H., Potter G. Attitudes of cannabis growers to regulation of cannabis cultivation under a non-prohibition cannabis model. International Journal of Drug Policy 2015, (in this issue).
24. Malm A. Marijuana Cultivation in British Columbia: Using spatial and social network analysis techniques to inform evidence-based policy and planning 2006, (PhD. Dissertation), Simon Fraser University.
25. Matza D. Delinquency and drift 1964, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
26. Nguyen H., Bouchard M. Patterns of youth participation in cannabis cultivation. Journal of Drug Issues 2010, 40:263-294.
27. Nguyen H., Malm A., Bouchard M. Production, perceptions, and punishment: Restrictive deterrence in the context of cannabis cultivation. International Journal of Drug Policy 2015, (in this issue).
28. Niesink R., Rigter S. THC-concentraties in wiet, nederwiet en hasj in Nederlandse coffeeshops 2013, Trimbos Instituut, Utrecht.
29. Paoli L., Decorte T. Assessing the harms of cannabis cultivation in Belgium. International Journal of Drug Policy 2015, (in this issue).
30. Plecas D., Malm A.E., Kinney B. Marihuana grow operations revisited: 1997-2003 2005, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Ottawa, Canada.
31. Potter G.R. Weed, need and greed: A study of domestic cannabis cultivation 2010, Free Association Books, London.
32. Potter G.R. You reap what you sow: The profit, pleasure and pain in domestic cannabis cultivation. Pleasure, pain and profit. European perspectives on drugs 2010, Pabst, Lengerich. Tom Decorte, Jane Fountain (Eds.).
33. Potter G.R., Dann S. Urban crop circles: Urban cannabis growers in the north of England. Cocktails and dreams: Perspectives on drug and alcohol use 2005, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Wilson Palacios (Ed.).
34. Potter G., Bouchard M., Decorte T. The globalization of cannabis cultivation. World wide weed: Global trends in cannabis cultivation and its control 2011, Ashgate, Aldershot. T. Decorte, PotterF G.R., M. Bouchard (Eds.).
35. Room R. Legalising a market for cannabis for pleasure: Colorado, Washington, Uruguay and beyond. Addiction 2014, 109(3):345-351.
36. Room R., Fischer B., Hall W., Lenton S., Reuter P. Cannabis policy: Moving beyond stalemate 2010, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
37. Straus M.A. The national context effect. Cross-Cultural Research 2009, 43(3):183-205.
38. Sykes G., Matza D. Techniques of neutralization: A theory of delinquency. American Sociological Review 1957, 22:664-670.
39. Taylor M., Potter G. Drug dealers and friendship networks: Drift, friendship and trust in drug dealing careers. Journal of Drug Issues 2013, 43(4):392-406.
40. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2008 World Drug Report 2008, United Nations, Vienna.
41. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2013 World Drug Report 2013, United Nations, Vienna.
42. Weisheit R.A. The intangible rewards from crime: The case of domestic marijuana cultivation. Crime and Delinquency 1991, 37(4):506-527.
43. Weisheit R.A. Domestic marijuana: A neglected industry 1992, Greenwood Press, New York.