Medications and monitoring in nontuberculous mycobacteria infections

Clinics in Chest Medicine

Volumn 36, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 55-66

  Egelund, Eric F ^a   Fennelly, Kevin P ^b   Peloquin, Charles A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Ethambutol; Macrolides; Mycobacterium avium complex; Nontuberculous mycobacteria; Pharmacokinetics; Rifamycins; Lactams

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; CEFOXITIN; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLARITHROMYCIN; CLOFAZIMINE; ETHAMBUTOL; IMIPENEM; ISONIAZID; LEVOFLOXACIN; LINEZOLID; MOXIFLOXACIN; RIFABUTIN; RIFAMPICIN; TIGECYCLINE; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ADVERSE OUTCOME; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIOSIS; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MONITORING; DRUG TOXICITY; DRUG USE; HUMAN; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MYCOBACTERIUM ABSCESSUS; MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM; MYCOBACTERIUM CHELONAE; MYCOBACTERIUM FORTUITUM; MYCOBACTERIUM GORDONAE; MYCOBACTERIUM INTRACELLULARE; MYCOBACTERIUM KANSASII; MYCOBACTERIUM XENOPEI; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIUM; DRUG EFFECTS; MICROBIOLOGY; MYCOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS, NONTUBERCULOUS;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; HUMANS; MYCOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS, NONTUBERCULOUS; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA;

EID: 84922459848     PISSN: 02725231     EISSN: 15578216     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2014.11.001     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Runyon E.H. Identification of mycobacterial pathogens utilizing colony characteristics. Am J Clin Pathol 1970, 54:578-586.
2. Nie W., Duan H., Huang H., et al. Species identification of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus and Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii using rpoB and hsp65, and susceptibility testing to eight antibiotics. Int J Infect Dis 2014, 25:170-174.
3. Chaisson R.E., Benson C.A., Dube M.P., et al. Clarithromycin therapy for bacteremic Mycobacterium avium complex disease. A randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging study in patients with AIDS. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 157 Study Team. Ann Intern Med 1994, 121:905-911.
4. Mangoni A.A., Jackson S.H. Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: basic principles and practical applications. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2004, 57:6-14.
5. Nash K.A., Zhang Y., Brown-Elliott B.A., et al. Molecular basis of intrinsic macrolide resistance in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium fortuitum. JAntimicrob Chemother 2005, 55:170-177.
6. Meier A., Heifets L., Wallace R.J., et al. Molecular mechanisms of clarithromycin resistance in Mycobacterium avium: observation of multiple 23S rDNA mutations in a clonal population. JInfect Dis 1996, 174:354-360.
7. Meier A., Kirschner P., Springer B., et al. Identification of mutations in 23S rRNA gene of clarithromycin-resistant Mycobacterium intracellulare. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994, 38:381-384.
8. Zuckerman J.M. Macrolides and ketolides: azithromycin, clarithromycin, telithromycin. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2004, 18:621-649. xi.
9. Biaxin [Package Insert]. North Chicago, IL: Inc A; 2013.
10. Zithromax [package insert]. New York, NY: Inc P; 2014.
11. Whitman M.S., Tunkel A.R. Azithromycin and clarithromycin: overview and comparison with erythromycin. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992, 13:357-368.
12. Maisch N.M., Kochupurackal J.G., Sin J. Azithromycin and the risk of cardiovascular complications. JPharm Pract 2014, 27:496-500.
13. Milberg P., Eckardt L., Bruns H.J., et al. Divergent proarrhythmic potential of macrolide antibiotics despite similar QT prolongation: fast phase 3 repolarization prevents early afterdepolarizations and torsade de pointes. JPharmacol Exp Ther 2002, 303:218-225.
14. Volberg W.A., Koci B.J., Su W., et al. Blockade of human cardiac potassium channel human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) by macrolide antibiotics. JPharmacol Exp Ther 2002, 302:320-327.
15. Ray W.A., Murray K.T., Hall K., et al. Azithromycin and the risk of cardiovascular death. NEngl J Med 2012, 366:1881-1890.
16. FDA Drug Safety Communication. Azithromycin (Zithromax or Zmax) and the risk of potentially fatal heart rhythms. 2013. Available at:. Accessed August 27, 2014. http://www.fda.gov/drugs/drugsafety/ucm341822.htm.
17. Svanstrom H., Pasternak B., Hviid A. Use of clarithromycin and roxithromycin and risk of cardiac death: cohort study. BMJ 2014, 349:g4930.
18. Wong E., Nguyen T.V. Acase-based approach to evaluating azithromycin use and cardiovascular risks. Consult Pharm 2014, 29:47-52.
19. Wehrli W. Rifampin: mechanisms of action and resistance. Rev Infect Dis 1983, 5(Suppl 3):S407-S411.
20. Gumbo T., Louie A., Deziel M.R., et al. Concentration-dependent Mycobacterium tuberculosis killing and prevention of resistance by rifampin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007, 51:3781-3788.
21. Peloquin C.A. Therapeutic drug monitoring of the antimycobacterial drugs. Clin Lab Med 1996, 16:717-729.
22. Peloquin C.A., Namdar R., Singleton M.D., et al. Pharmacokinetics of rifampin under fasting conditions, with food, and with antacids. Chest 1999, 115:12-18.
23. Peloquin C.A., Nitta A.T., Burman W.J., et al. Low antituberculosis drug concentrations in patients with AIDS. Ann Pharmacother 1996, 30:919-925.
24. Gilljam M., Berning S.E., Peloquin C.A., et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with cystic fibrosis and mycobacterial disease. Eur Respir J 1999, 14:347-351.
25. Regazzi M., Carvalho A.C., Villani P., et al. Treatment optimization in patients co-infected with HIV and mycobacterium tuberculosis infections: focus on drug-drug interactions with rifamycins. Clin Pharmacokinet 2014, 53:489-507.
26. Strolin Benedetti M., Dostert P. Induction and autoinduction properties of rifamycin derivatives: a review of animal and human studies. Environ Health Perspect 1994, 102(Suppl 9):101-105.
27. Long M.W., Snider D.E., Farer L.S. U.S. Public Health Service Cooperative trial of three rifampin-isoniazid regimens in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1979, 119:879-894.
28. Acomparative study of daily followed by twice or once weekly regimens of ethambutol and rifampicin in retreatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The results at 1 year. A cooperative tuberculosis chemotherapy study in Poland. Tubercle 1975, 56:1-26.
29. Burman W.J., Gallicano K., Peloquin C. Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the rifamycin antibacterials. Clin Pharmacokinet 2001, 40:327-341.
30. Wallace R.J., Brown B.A., Griffith D.E., et al. Reduced serum levels of clarithromycin in patients treated with multidrug regimens including rifampin or rifabutin for Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare infection. JInfect Dis 1995, 171:747-750.
31. Blaschke T.F., Skinner M.H. The clinical pharmacokinetics of rifabutin. Clin Infect Dis 1996, 22(Suppl 1):S15-S21. [discussion: S21-2].
32. Narang P.K., Lewis R.C., Bianchine J.R. Rifabutin absorption in humans: relative bioavailability and food effect. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992, 52:335-341.
33. Griffith D.E., Brown B.A., Cegielski P., et al. Early results (at 6 months) with intermittent clarithromycin-including regimens for lung disease due to Mycobacterium avium complex. Clin Infect Dis 2000, 30:288-292.
34. Schwiesow J.N., Iseman M.D., Peloquin C.A. Concomitant use of voriconazole and rifabutin in a patient with multiple infections. Pharmacotherapy 2008, 28:1076-1080.
35. Hafner R., Bethel J., Power M., et al. Tolerance and pharmacokinetic interactions of rifabutin and clarithromycin in human immunodeficiency virus-infected volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998, 42:631-639.
36. Egelund E.F., Fennelly K.P., Peloquin C.P. Concomitant use of carbamazepine and rifampin in a patient with Mycobacterium avium complex and seizure disorder. JPharm Technol 2014, 30:93-96.
37. Yoshimoto H., Takahashi M., Saima S. Influence of rifampicin on antihypertensive effects of dihydropiridine calcium-channel blockers in four elderly patients. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 1996, 33:692-696. [in Japanese].
38. Griffith D.E., Brown-Elliott B.A., Shepherd S., et al. Ethambutol ocular toxicity in treatment regimens for Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005, 172:250-253.
39. Demolis J.L., Kubitza D., Tenneze L., et al. Effect of a single oral dose of moxifloxacin (400 mg and 800 mg) on ventricular repolarization in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000, 68:658-666.
40. Kim G.K. The risk of fluoroquinolone-induced tendinopathy and tendon rupture: what does the clinician need to know?. JClin Aesthet Dermatol 2010, 3:49-54.
41. Corrao G., Zambon A., Bertu L., et al. Evidence of tendinitis provoked by fluoroquinolone treatment: a case-control study. Drug Saf 2006, 29:889-896.
42. Tanne J.H. FDA adds "black box" warning label to fluoroquinolone antibiotics. BMJ 2008, 337:a816.
43. Yu C., Giuffre B. Achilles tendinopathy after treatment with fluoroquinolone. Australas Radiol 2005, 49:407-410.
44. Fitton A. The quinolones. An overview of their pharmacology. Clin Pharmacokinet 1992, 22(Suppl 1):1-11.
45. King D.E., Malone R., Lilley S.H. New classification and update on the quinolone antibiotics. Am Fam Physician 2000, 61:2741-2748.
46. Rodvold K.A., Piscitelli S.C. New oral macrolide and fluoroquinolone antibiotics: an overview of pharmacokinetics, interactions, and safety. Clin Infect Dis 1993, 17(Suppl 1):S192-S199.
47. Nijland H.M., Ruslami R., Suroto A.J., et al. Rifampicin reduces plasma concentrations of moxifloxacin in patients with tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2007, 45:1001-1007.
48. Weiner M., Burman W., Luo C.C., et al. Effects of rifampin and multidrug resistance gene polymorphism on concentrations of moxifloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007, 51:2861-2866.
49. Dooley K., Flexner C., Hackman J., et al. Repeated administration of high-dose intermittent rifapentine reduces rifapentine and moxifloxacin plasma concentrations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008, 52:4037-4042.
50. Aspinall S.L., Good C.B., Jiang R., et al. Severe dysglycemia with the fluoroquinolones: a class effect?. Clin Infect Dis 2009, 49:402-408.
51. Park-Wyllie L.Y., Juurlink D.N., Kopp A., et al. Outpatient gatifloxacin therapy and dysglycemia in older adults. NEngl J Med 2006, 354:1352-1361.
52. Antituberculosis drugs: pharmacokinetics 1991, CRC Press, Boca Raton (FL). C.A. Peloquin (Ed.).
53. Zhu M., Burman W.J., Jaresko G.S., et al. Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intramuscular streptomycin in patients with tuberculosis. Pharmacotherapy 2001, 21:1037-1045.
54. Peloquin C.A., Berning S.E., Nitta A.T., et al. Aminoglycoside toxicity: daily versus thrice-weekly dosing for treatment of mycobacterial diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2004, 38:1538-1544.
55. Reddy V.M., Nadadhur G., Daneluzzi D., et al. Antituberculosis activities of clofazimine and its new analogs B4154 and B4157. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996, 40:633-636.
56. van Ingen J., Totten S.E., Helstrom N.K., et al. Invitro synergy between clofazimine and amikacin in treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012, 56:6324-6327.
57. Arbiser J.L., Moschella S.L. Clofazimine: a review of its medical uses and mechanisms of action. JAm Acad Dermatol 1995, 32:241-247.
58. Chaisson R.E., Keiser P., Pierce M., et al. Clarithromycin and ethambutol with or without clofazimine for the treatment of bacteremic Mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients with HIV infection. AIDS 1997, 11:311-317.
59. Hartkoorn R.C., Uplekar S., Cole S.T. Cross-resistance between clofazimine and bedaquiline through upregulation of MmpL5 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014, 58:2979-2981.
60. Alsultan A., Peloquin C.A. Therapeutic drug monitoring in the treatment of tuberculosis: an update. Drugs 2014, 74:839-854.
61. Kaur I., Ram J., Kumar B., et al. Effect of clofazimine on eye in multibacillary leprosy. Indian J Lepr 1990, 62:87-90.
62. Garrelts J.C. Clofazimine: a review of its use in leprosy and Mycobacterium avium complex infection. DICP 1991, 25:525-531.
63. Wallace R.J., Brown-Elliott B.A., Ward S.C., et al. Activities of linezolid against rapidly growing mycobacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001, 45:764-767.
64. Livermore D.M. Linezolid invitro: mechanism and antibacterial spectrum. JAntimicrob Chemother 2003, 51(Suppl 2):ii9-ii16.
65. Rodriguez J.C., Ruiz M., Lopez M., et al. Invitro activity of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and linezolid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2002, 20:464-467.
66. Cavusoglu C., Soyler I., Akinci P. Activities of linezolid against nontuberculous mycobacteria. New Microbiol 2007, 30:411-414.
67. Zyvox [Package Insert]. New York: Pfizer; 2011.
68. Gee T., Ellis R., Marshall G., et al. Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of linezolid following multiple oral doses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001, 45:1843-1846.
69. Brown-Elliott B.A., Wallace R.J., Blinkhorn R., et al. Successful treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium chelonae infection with linezolid. Clin Infect Dis 2001, 33:1433-1434.
70. Narita M., Tsuji B.T., Yu V.L. Linezolid-associated peripheral and optic neuropathy, lactic acidosis, and serotonin syndrome. Pharmacotherapy 2007, 27:1189-1197.
71. Kopterides P., Papadomichelakis E., Armaganidis A. Linezolid use associated with lactic acidosis. Scand J Infect Dis 2005, 37:153-154.
72. Quinn D.K., Stern T.A. Linezolid and serotonin syndrome. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2009, 11:353-356.
73. Verbist L. Mode of action of antituberculous drugs (part I). Medicon Intl 1974, 3:11-23.
74. Verbist L. Mode of action of antituberculous drugs (parts II). Medicon Intl 1974, 3:3-17.
75. Timmins G.S., Deretic V. Mechanisms of action of isoniazid. Mol Microbiol 2006, 62:1220-1227.
76. Peloquin C.A., Namdar R., Dodge A.A., et al. Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid under fasting conditions, with food, and with antacids. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999, 3:703-710.
77. Zand R., Nelson S.D., Slattery J.T., et al. Inhibition and induction of cytochrome P4502E1-catalyzed oxidation by isoniazid in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993, 54:142-149.
78. Desta Z., Soukhova N.V., Flockhart D.A. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms by isoniazid: potent inhibition of CYP2C19 and CYP3A. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001, 45:382-392.
79. Brennan R.W., Dehejia H., Kutt H., et al. Diphenylhydantoin intoxication attendant to slow inactivation of isoniazid. Neurology 1970, 20:687-693.
80. Wright J.M., Stokes E.F., Sweeney V.P. Isoniazid-induced carbamazepine toxicity and vice versa: a double drug interaction. NEngl J Med 1982, 307:1325-1327.
81. Rose W.E., Rybak M.J. Tigecycline: first of a new class of antimicrobial agents. Pharmacotherapy 2006, 26:1099-1110.
82. da Silva L.M., Nunes Salgado H.R. Tigecycline: a review of properties, applications, and analytical methods. Ther Drug Monit 2010, 32:282-288.
83. Tygacil [package insert]. New York: Inc. P; 2014.
84. Stein G.E., Craig W.A. Tigecycline: a critical analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2006, 43:518-524.
85. Wallace R.J., Dukart G., Brown-Elliott B.A., et al. Clinical experience in 52 patients with tigecycline-containing regimens for salvage treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium chelonae infections. JAntimicrob Chemother 2014, 69:1945-1953.
86. Muralidharan G., Micalizzi M., Speth J., et al. Pharmacokinetics of tigecycline after single and multiple doses in healthy subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005, 49:220-229.
87. Barbour A., Schmidt S., Ma B., et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tigecycline. Clin Pharmacokinet 2009, 48:575-584.
88. Yahav D., Lador A., Paul M., et al. Efficacy and safety of tigecycline: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAntimicrob Chemother 2011, 66:1963-1971.
89. Tasina E., Haidich A.B., Kokkali S., et al. Efficacy and safety of tigecycline for the treatment of infectious diseases: a meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2011, 11:834-844.
90. Cai Y., Wang R., Liang B., et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of tigecycline for treatment of infectious disease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011, 55:1162-1172.
91. Mefoxin [package insert]. Rockford, IL: Mylan Institutional L; 2013.
92. De Groote M.A., Huitt G. Infections due to rapidly growing mycobacteria. Clin Infect Dis 2006, 42:1756-1763.
93. Chow K.M., Hui A.C., Szeto C.C. Neurotoxicity induced by beta-lactam antibiotics: from bench to bedside. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2005, 24:649-653.
94. Swenson J.M., Wallace R.J., Silcox V.A., et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of five subgroups of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1985, 28:807-811.
95. Wallace R.J., Brown B.A., Onyi G.O. Skin, soft tissue, and bone infections due to Mycobacterium chelonae chelonae: importance of prior corticosteroid therapy, frequency of disseminated infections, and resistance to oral antimicrobials other than clarithromycin. JInfect Dis 1992, 166:405-412.
96. Griffith D.E., Aksamit T., Brown-Elliott B.A., et al. An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007, 175:367-416.
97. Primaxin [Package Insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co; 2012.
98. Eng R.H., Munsif A.N., Yangco B.G., et al. Seizure propensity with imipenem. Arch Intern Med 1989, 149:1881-1883.
99. American Thoracic Society, CDC, Infectious Diseases Society of America Treatment of tuberculosis. MMWR Recomm Rep 2003, 52:1-80.
100. Longridge N.S., Mallinson A.I. The dynamic illegible E-test: a technique for assessing the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Acta Otolaryngol 1987, 103:273-279.
101. Schubert M.C., Tusa R.J., Grine L.E., et al. Optimizing the sensitivity of the head thrust test for identifying vestibular hypofunction. Phys Ther 2004, 84:151-158.
102. Mosholder A.D., Mathew J., Alexander J.J., et al. Cardiovascular risks with azithromycin and other antibacterial drugs. NEngl J Med 2013, 368:1665-1668.