The body appreciation scale-2: Item refinement and psychometric evaluation

Body Image

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 53-67

  Tylka, Tracy L ^a   Wood Barcalow, Nichole L ^b  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b The Center for Balanced Living   (United States)

Author keywords

Amazon mechanical turk; Body appreciation; Measurement invariance; Positive body image; Psychometrics; Scale development

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BODY IMAGE; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGY; PSYCHOMETRY; QUESTIONNAIRE; REPRODUCIBILITY; SATISFACTION; STANDARDS; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BODY IMAGE; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERSONAL SATISFACTION; PSYCHOMETRICS; QUESTIONNAIRES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84922457809     PISSN: 17401445     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.09.006     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Augustus-Horvath C.L., Tylka T.L. The acceptance model of intuitive eating: A comparison of women in emerging adulthood, early adulthood, and middle adulthood. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2011, 58:110-125. 10.1037/a0022129.
2. Avalos L.C., Tylka T.L. Exploring a model of intuitive eating with college women. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2006, 53:486-497. 10.1037/0022-1067.53.4.486.
3. Avalos L.C., Tylka T.L., Wood-Barcalow N. The Body Appreciation Scale: Development and psychometric evaluation. Body Image 2005, 2:285-297. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.06.002.
4. Barnette J.J. Effects of stem and Likert response option reversals on survey internal consistency: If you feel the need, there is a better alternative to using those negatively worded stems. Educational and Psychological Measurement 2000, 60:361-370. 10.1177/00131640021970592.
5. Bentler P.M. Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin 1990, 107:238-246. 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238.
6. Bergeron D., Tylka T.L. Support for the uniqueness of body dissatisfaction from drive for muscularity among men. Body Image 2007, 4:288-295. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.05.002.
7. Bordo S. Unbearable weight: Feminism, Western culture, and the body (Tenth Anniversary Edition) 2003, University of California Press, Berkeley.
8. Brown T.A. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research 2006, Guilford Press, New York.
9. Brown T.A., Cash T.F., Mikulka P.J. Attitudinal body image assessment: Factor analysis of the Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment 1990, 54:213-230. 10.1207/s15327752jpa5501&2_13.
10. Buhrmester M., Kwang T., Gosling S.D. Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data?. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2011, 6:3-5. 10.1177/1745691610393980.
11. Byrne B.M., Stewart S.M. The MACS approach to testing for multigroup invariance of a second-order factor structure: A walk through the process. Structural Equation Modeling 2006, 13:287-321. 10.1207/s15328007sem1302_7.
12. Cash T.F. User's manual for the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire 2000, Available from the author at www.body-images.com.
13. Castonguay A.L., Brunet J., Ferguson L., Sabiston C.M. Weight-related actual and ideal self-states, discrepancies, and shame, guilt, and pride: Examining associations within the process model of self-conscious emotions. Body Image 2012, 9:488-494. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.07.003.
14. Castonguay A.L., Gilchrist J.D., Mack D.E., Sabiston C.M. Body-related pride in young adults: An exploration of the triggers, contexts, outcomes and attributions. Body Image 2013, 10:335-343. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.03.001.
15. Chen F.F. Sensitivity of goodness of fit indices to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling 2007, 14:464-504. 10.1080/10705510701301834.
16. Chen F.F., Sousa K.H., West S.G. Testing measurement invariance of second-order factor models. Structural Equation Modeling 2005, 12:471-492. 10.1207/s15328007sem1203_7.
17. Cohen J. A power primer. Psychological Bulletin 1992, 112:155-159. 10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155.
18. Cook-Cottone C.P., Tribole E., Tylka T.L. Healthy eating in schools: Evidence-based interventions to help kids thrive 2013, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
19. Crago M., Shisslak C., Ruble A. Protective factors in the development of eating disorders. Eating disorders: Innovative directions in research and practice 2001, 75-89. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. R.H. Striegel-Moore, L. Smolak (Eds.).
20. Daubenmier J.J. The relationship of yoga, body awareness, and body responsiveness to self-objectification and disordered eating. Psychology of Women Quarterly 2005, 29:207-219. 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00183.x.
21. Fabrigar L.R., Wegener D.T., MacCallum R.C., Strahan E.J. Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods 1999, 4:272-299. 10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.272.
22. Frisén A., Holmqvist K. What characterizes early adolescents with a positive body image? A qualitative investigation of Swedish girls and boys. Body Image 2010, 7:205-212. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.04.001.
23. Gardner R.M., Brown D.L., Boice R. Using Amazon's Mechanical Turk website to measure accuracy of body size estimation and body dissatisfaction. Body Image 2012, 9:532-534. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.06.006.
24. Garner D.M., Olmsted M.P., Bohr Y., Garfinkel P.E. The Eating Attitudes Test: Psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychological Medicine 1982, 12:871-878.
25. Greenglass E.R., Schwarzer R., Taubert S. The Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI): A multidimensional research instrument 1999, Retrieved from http://www.psych.yorku.ca/greenglass/.
26. Grogan S. Body image: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women and children 2008, Taylor and Francis, London. 2nd ed.
27. Hahn Oh K., Wiseman M.C., Hendrickson J., Phillips J.C., Hayden E.W. Testing the acceptance model of intuitive eating with college women athletes. Psychology of Women Quarterly 2012, 36:88-98. 10.1177/0361684311433282.
28. Halliwell E. The impact of thin idealized media images on body satisfaction: Does body appreciation protect women from negative effects?. Body Image 2013, 10:509-514. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.07.004.
29. Heinberg L.J., Thompson J.K., Stormer S. Development and validation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire. International Journal of Eating Disorders 1995, 17:81-89. 10.1002/1098-108X(199501)17:1<81::AID-EAT2260170111>3.0.CO;2-Y.
30. Holmqvist K., Frisén A. I bet they aren't that perfect in reality: Appearance ideals viewed from the perspective of adolescents with a positive body image. Body Image 2012, 9:388-395. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.03.007.
31. Homan K.J., Tylka T.L. Appearance-based exercise motivation moderates the relationship between exercise frequency and positive body image. Body Image 2014, 11:101-108. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.01.003.
32. Hu L., Bentler P. Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling 1999, 6:1-55. 10.1080/10705519909540118.
33. Iannantuono A.C., Tylka T.L. Interpersonal and intrapersonal links to body appreciation in college women: An exploratory model. Body Image 2012, 9:227-235. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.01.004.
34. Jaser S.S., Patel N., Linsky R., Whittenmore R. Development of a positive psychology intervention to improve adherence in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 2014, (in press). 10.1016/j.pedhc.2014.02.008.
35. Kline R.B. Principles and practices of structural equation modeling 2005, Guilford Press, New York. 2nd ed.
36. Kroon Van Diest A.M., Tylka T.L. The Caregiver Eating Messages Scale: Development and psychometric investigation. Body Image 2010, 7:317-326. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.06.002.
37. Lobera I.J., Ríos P.B. Spanish version of the Body Appreciation Scale for adolescents. Spanish Journal of Psychology 2011, 14:411-420. 10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n1.37.
38. Mann T., Nolen-Hoeksema S., Huang K., Burgard D., Wright A., Hanson K. Are two interventions worse than none? Joint primary and secondary prevention of eating disorders in college females. Health Psychology 1997, 16:215-225. 10.1037//0278-6133.16.3.215.
39. Mazzeo S.E. Modification of an existing measure of body image preoccupation and its relationship to disordered eating in female college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology 1999, 46:42-50. 10.1037/0022-0167.46.1.42.
40. McKinley N.M., Hyde J.S. The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale: Development and validation. Psychology of Women Quarterly 1996, 20:181-215. 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00467.x.
41. Muthén L.K., Muthén B.O. Mplus user's guide 1998-2011, Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles, CA. 6th ed.
42. Parent M.C. Handling item-level missing data: Simpler is just as good. The Counseling Psychologist 2013, 41:568-600. 10.1177/0011000012445176.
43. Parent M.C., Moradi B. His biceps become him: A test of objectification theory's application to drive for muscularity and propensity for steroid use in college men. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2011, 58:246-256. 10.1037/a0021398.
44. Paulhus D.L. Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding reference manual for BIDR Version 6 1994, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.
45. Pedhazur E.J., Schmelkin L.P. Measurement, design, and analysis: An integrated approach 1991, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
46. Piran N., Teall T. The developmental theory of embodiment. Preventing eating-related and weight-related disorders 2013, 169-197. Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Ontario, Canada. G. McVey, M.P. Levine, N. Piran, H.B. Ferguson (Eds.).
47. Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image 1965, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
48. Satinsky S., Reece M., Dennis B., Sanders S., Bardzell S. An assessment of body appreciation and its relationship to sexual function in women. Body Image 2012, 9:137-144. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.09.007.
49. Stice E. Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin 2002, 128:825-848. 10.1037//0033-2909.128.5.825.
50. Swami V., Campana A.N.N.B., Fereirra L., Barrett S., Harris A.S., Tavares M.C.G.C.F. The Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale: Initial examination of its factor structure and correlates among Brazilian adults. Body Image 2011, 8:179-185. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.01.001.
51. Swami V., Chamorro-Premuzic T. Factor structure of the Body Appreciation Scale among Malaysian women. Body Image 2008, 5:409-413. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.04.005.
52. Swami V., Hadji-Michael M., Furnham A. Personality and individual difference correlates of positive body image. Body Image 2008, 5:322-325. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.03.007.
53. Swami V., Hwang C.S., Jung J. An examination of the factor structure and correlates of acceptance of cosmetic surgery among South Korean university students. Aesthetic Surgery Journal 2012, 32:220-229. 10.1177/1090820x11431577.
54. Swami V., Jaafar J.L. Factor structure of the Body Appreciation Scale among Indonesian women and men: Further evidence of a two-factor solution in a non-Western population. Body Image 2012, 9:539-542. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.06.002.
55. Swami V., Mada R., Tovée M.J. Weight discrepancy and body appreciation of Zimbabwean women in Zimbabwe and Britain. Body Image 2012, 9:559-562. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.05.006.
56. Swami V., Stieger S., Haubner T., Voracek M. German translation and psychometric evaluation of the Body Appreciation Scale. Body Image 2008, 5:122-127. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.10.002.
57. Tabachnick B.G., Fidell L.S. Using multivariate statistics 2007, Allyn & Bacon, Boston, MA. 5th ed.
58. Thompson J.K., Heinberg L.J., Altabe M., Tantleff-Dunn S. Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance 1999, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
59. Tiggemann M., McCourt A. Body appreciation in adult women: Relationships with age and body satisfaction. Body Image 2013, 10:624-627. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.07.003.
60. Tylka T.L. Development and psychometric evaluation of a measure of intuitive eating. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2006, 53:226-240. 10.1037/0022-0167.53.2.226.
61. Tylka T.L. Positive psychology perspectives on body image. Body image: A handbook of science, practice, and prevention 2011, 56-64. Guilford Press, New York. 2nd ed. T.F. Cash, L. Smolak (Eds.).
62. Tylka T.L. Refinement of the tripartite influence model for men: Dual body image pathways to body change behaviors. Body Image 2011, 8:199-207. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.04.008.
63. Tylka T.L. Evidence for the Body Appreciation Scale's measurement equivalence/invariance between U.S. college women and men. Body Image 2013, 10:415-418. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.02.006.
64. Tylka T.L., Augustus-Horvath C.L. Fighting self-objectification in prevention and intervention contexts. Self-objectification in women: Causes, consequences, and counteractions 2011, 187-214. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. R.M. Calogero, S. Tantleff-Dunn, J.K. Thompson (Eds.).
65. Tylka T.L., Bergeron D., Schwartz J.P. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Male Body Attitudes Scale (MBAS). Body Image 2005, 2:161-175. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.03.001.
66. Tylka T.L., Kroon Van Diest A.M. The Intuitive Eating Scale-2: Item refinement and psychometric evaluation with college women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2013, 60:137-153. 10.1037/a0030893.
67. Tylka T.L., Subich L.M. Examining a multidimensional model of eating disorder symptomatology among college women. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2004, 51:314-328. 10.1037/0022-0167.51.3.314.
68. Wasylkiw L., MacKinnon A.L., MacLellan A.M. Exploring the link between self-compassion and body image in university women. Body Image 2012, 9:236-245. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.01.007.
69. Wong N., Rindfleisch A., Burroughs J.E. Do reverse-worded items confound measures in cross-cultural consumer research? The case of the material values scale. Journal of Consumer Research 2003, 30:72-91. 10.1086/374697.
70. Wood-Barcalow N.L., Tylka T.L., Augustus-Horvath C.L. But I like my body: Positive body image characteristics and a holistic model for young-adult women. Body Image 2010, 7:106-116. 10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.01.001.
71. Worthington R.L., Whittaker T.A. Scale development research: A content analysis and recommendations for best practices. The Counseling Psychologist 2006, 34:806-838. 10.1177/0011000006288127.