Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to northwestern Saskatchewan lakes east of the Athabasca oil sands

Organic Geochemistry

Volumn 80, Issue , 2015, Pages 35-45

  Ahad, Jason M E ^a   Jautzy, Josué J ^b   Cumming, Brian F ^c   Das, Biplob ^d   Laird, Kathleen R ^c   Sanei, Hamed ^e  

^a GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA   (Canada)

^b CENTRE EAU TERRE ENVIRONNEMENT   (Canada)

^c QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment   (Canada)

^e GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Alkylated PAHs; Athabasca oil sands; Bitumen; Compound specific carbon isotope analysis; Forest fire; Retene; Rock Eval; Sediment cores

Indexed keywords

ANTHRACENE; AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; BITUMINOUS MATERIALS; CARBON; DEFORESTATION; ECOSYSTEMS; FIRE HAZARDS; FIRES; FORESTRY; HYDROCARBONS; ISOTOPES; LAKE POLLUTION; LAKES; OIL SANDS; OIL SHALE; REFRACTORY MATERIALS; SAND; SEDIMENTATION; SEDIMENTS; SURFICIAL SEDIMENTS;

ALKYLATED PAHS; ATHABASCA OIL SANDS; BITUMEN; COMPOUND-SPECIFIC CARBON ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; FOREST FIRES; RETENE; ROCK-EVAL; SEDIMENT CORE;

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS;

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; BITUMEN; CARBON ISOTOPE; DECADAL VARIATION; FOREST FIRE; ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS; LACUSTRINE DEPOSIT; MINING; PAH; POLLUTANT SOURCE; SEDIMENT CORE; SEDIMENT POLLUTION;

AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; BITUMEN; FOREST FIRES; HYDROCARBONS; LAKES; MINING; SAND; SASKATCHEWAN;

ALBERTA; ATHABASCA OIL SANDS; CANADA;

EID: 84922422673     PISSN: 01466380     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.01.001     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Ahad J.M.E., Gammon P.R., Gobeil C., Jautzy J., Krupa S., Savard M.M., Studabaker W.B. Evaporative emissions from tailings ponds are not likely an important source of airborne PAHs in the Athabasca oil sands region. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2014, 111:E2439.
2. 210Pb to the sediment. Catena 1978, 5:1-8.
3. Benner B.A., Wise S.A., Currie L.A., Klouda G.A., Klinedinst D.B., Zweidinger R.B., Stevens R.K., Lewis C.W. Distinguishing the contributions of residential wood combustion and mobile source emissions using relative concentrations of dimethylphenanthrene isomers. Environmental Science and Technology 1995, 29:2382-2389.
4. Boffetta P., Jourenkova N., Gustavsson P. Cancer risk from occupational and environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cancer Causes and Control 1997, 8:444-472.
5. Boström C.E., Gerde P., Hanberg A., Jernström B., Johansson C., Kyrklund T., Rannug A., Törnqvist M., Victorin K., Westerholm R. Cancer risk assessment, indicators, and guidelines for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air. Environmental Health Perspectives 2002, 110:451-488.
6. Carrie J., Stern G.A., Sanei H., Macdonald R.W., Wang F. Determination of mercury biogeochemical fluxes in the remote Mackenzie River Basin, northwest Canada, using speciation of sulfur and organic carbon. Applied Geochemistry 2012, 27:815-824.
7. CCME, 1999. Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME).
8. Cho S., Sharma K., Brassard B.W., Hazewinkel R. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon deposition in the snowpack of the Athabasca oil sands region of Alberta, Canada. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2014, 225:1-16.
9. Colavecchia M.V., Backus S.M., Hodson P.V., Parrott J.L. Toxicity of oil sands to early life stages of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2004, 23:1709-1718.
10. Dachs J., Bayona J.M., Raoux C., Albaigés J. Spatial, vertical distribution and budget of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the western Mediterranean seawater. Environmental Science & Technology 1997, 31:682-688.
11. De La Torre-Roche R.J., Lee W.-Y., Campos-Díaz S.I. Soil-borne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in El Paso, Texas: analysis of a potential problem in the United States/Mexico border region. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009, 163:946-958.
12. Dowdeswell L., Dillon P., Ghoshal S., Miall A., Rasmussen J., Smol J.P. A Foundation For The Future: Building An Environmental Monitoring System For The Oil Sands 2010, Environment Canada, 49pp.
13. Ehrhardt M., Petrick G. On the composition of dissolved and particle-associated fossil fuel residues in Mediterranean surface water. Marine Chemistry 1993, 42:57-70.
14. ERCB ST98-2012: Alberta's Energy Reserves 2011 and Supply/Demand Outlook 2012-2021 2012, Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERCB), Calgary, Alberta, 290pp.
15. France R.L. Potential for soil erosion from decreased litterfall due to riparian clearcutting: implications for boreal forestry and warm- and cool-water fisheries. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 1997, 52:452-455.
16. Gabos S., Ikonomou M.G., Schopflocher D., Fowler B.R., White J., Prepas E., Prince D., Chen W.P. Characteristics of PAHs, PCDD/Fs and PCBs in sediment following forest fires in northern Alberta. Chemosphere 2001, 43:709-719.
17. Guillon A., Le Ménach K., Flaud P.M., Marchand N., Budzinski H., Villenave E. Chemical characterization and stable carbon isotopic composition of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons issued from combustion of 10 Mediterranean woods. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2013, 13:2703-2719.
18. Guinan J., Charlesworth M., Service M., Oliver T. Sources and geochemical constraints of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and mussels of two northern Irish Sea-loughs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2001, 42:1073-1081.
19. Hall R.I., Wolfe B.B., Wiklund J.A., Edwards T.W.D., Farwell A.J., Dixon D.G. Has Alberta oil sands development altered delivery of polycyclic aromatic compounds to the Peace-Athabasca Delta?. PLoS ONE 2012, 7:e46089.
20. Hung H., Blanchard P., Halsall C.J., Bidleman T.F., Stern G.A., Fellin P., Muir D.C.G., Barrie L.A., Jantunen L.M., Helm P.A., Ma J., Konoplev A. Temporal and spatial variabilities of atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine (OC) pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Canadian Arctic: results from a decade of monitoring. Science of the Total Environment 2005, 342:119-144.
21. Jautzy J., Ahad J.M.E., Gobeil C., Savard M.M. Century-long source apportionment of PAHs in Athabasca oil sands region lakes using diagnostic ratios and compound-specific carbon isotope signatures. Environmental Science & Technology 2013, 47:6155-6163.
22. Keiluweit M., Kleber M., Sparrow M.A., Simoneit B.R.T., Prahl F.G. Solvent-extractable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biochar: influence of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock. Environmental Science and Technology 2012, 46:9333-9341.
23. Kelly E.N., Short J.W., Schindler D.W., Hodson P.V., Ma M.S., Kwan A.K., Fortin B.L. Oil sands development contributes polycyclic aromatic compounds to the Athabasca River and its tributaries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009, 106:22346-22351.
24. Krawchuk M.A., Cumming S.G., Flannigan M.D. Predicted changes in fire weather suggest increases in lightning fire initiation and future area burned in the mixedwood boreal forest. Climatic Change 2009, 92:83-97.
25. Kurek J., Kirk J.L., Muir D.C.G., Wang X., Evans M.S., Smol J.P. Legacy of a half century of Athabasca oil sands development recorded by lake ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2013, 110:1761-1766.
26. Lafargue E., Marquis F., Pillot D. Rock-Eval 6 applications in hydrocarbon exploration, production, and soil contamination studies. Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Revue de l'Institu Francais du Petrole 1998, 53:421-437.
27. Laflamme R.E., Hites R.A. The global distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in recent sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1978, 42:289-303.
28. Laird K.R., Das B., Kingsbury M., Moos M.T., Pla-Rabes S., Ahad J.M.E., Wiltse B., Cumming B.F. Paleolimnological assessment of limnological change in 10 lakes from northwest Saskatchewan downwind of the Athabasca oils sands based on analysis of siliceous algae and trace metals in sediment cores. Hydrobiologia 2013, 720:55-73.
29. Larsen C.P.S. Spatial and temporal variations in boreal forest fire frequency in northern Alberta. Journal of Biogeography 1997, 24:663-673.
30. 13C values of coal-derived PAHs from different processes and their application to source apportionment. Organic Geochemistry 1999, 30:881-889.
31. Meyers P., Ishiwatari R. The early diagenesis of organic matter in lacustrine sediments. Organic Geochemistry 1993, 185-209. Springer, US. M. Engel, S. Macko (Eds.).
32. Newsted J.L., Giesy J.P. Predictive models for photoinduced acute toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Daphnia magna, strauss (cladocera, crustacea). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 1987, 6:445-461.
33. O'Malley V.P., Abrajano T.A., Hellou J. Determination of the ratios of individual PAH from environmental samples: can PAH sources be apportioned?. Organic Geochemistry 1994, 21:809-822.
34. Oros D.R., Simoneit B.R.T. Identification and emission factors of molecular tracers in organic aerosols from biomass burning Part 1. Temperate climate conifers. Applied Geochemistry 2001, 16:1513-1544.
35. Parajulee A., Wania F. Evaluating officially reported polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions in the Athabasca oil sands region with a multimedia fate model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2014, 111:3344-3349.
36. Parajulee A., Wania F. Reply to Ahad et al.: source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Athabasca oil sands region is still a work in progress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2014, 111:E2440.
37. Peng L., You Y., Bai Z., Zhu T., Xie K., Feng Y.C., Li Z. Stable carbon isotope evidence for origin of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Zhengzhou and Urumchi, China. Geochemical Journal 2006, 40:219-226.
38. Radke M., Willsch H., Teichmüller M. Generation and distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons in coals of low rank. Organic Geochemistry 1990, 15:539-563.
39. Ramdahl T. Retene - a molecular marker of wood combustion in ambient air. Nature 1983, 306:580-582.
40. Saiz-Jimenez C. Analytical pyrolysis of humic substances: pitfalls, limitations, and possible solutions. Environmental Science and Technology 1994, 28:1773-1780.
41. Saiz-Jimenez C., De Leeuw J.W. Chemical structure of a soil humic acid as revealed by analytical pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 1987, 11:367-376.
42. Sanei H., Goodarzi F. Relationship between organic matter and mercury in recent lake sediment: the physical-geochemical aspects. Applied Geochemistry 2006, 21:1900-1912.
43. Sanei H., Goodarzi F., Snowdon L.R., Stasiuk L.D., Van Der Flier-Keller E. Characterizing the recent sediments from pigeon lake, alberta as related to anthropogenic and natural fluxes. Environmental Geosciences 2000, 7:177-189.
44. Sanei H., Goodarzi F., Van Der Flier-Keller E. Historical variation of elements with respect to different geochemical fractions in recent sediments from Pigeon Lake, Alberta, Canada. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 2001, 3:27-36.
45. Sanei H., Stasiuk L.D., Goodarzi F. Petrological changes occurring in organic matter from Recent lacustrine sediments during thermal alteration by Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Organic Geochemistry 2005, 36:1190-1203.
46. Saskatchewan, 2013. Historical fire activity: 1945-2013. Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment. http://www.environment.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=e3b65a62-d11c-64a21-bd82-5247414d5247410f5247417d.
47. Schindler D. Tar sands need solid science. Nature 2010, 468:499-501.
48. Scott K.A., Wissel B., Gibson J.J., Jean Birks S. Chemical characteristics and acid sensitivity of boreal headwater lakes in northwest Saskatchewan. Journal of Limnology 2010, 69:33-44.
49. Shabbar A., Skinner W., Flannigan M.D. Prediction of seasonal forest fire severity in Canada from large-scale climate patterns. Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology 2011, 50:785-799.
50. Shen G., Tao S., Wei S., Zhang Y., Wang R., Wang B., Li W., Shen H., Huang Y., Chen Y., Chen H., Yang Y., Wang W., Wang X., Liu W., Simonich S.L.M. Emissions of parent, nitro, and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential wood combustion in rural china. Environmental Science & Technology 2012, 46:8123-8130.
51. Simoneit B.R.T., Rogge W.F., Lang Q., Jaffé R. Molecular characterization of smoke from campfire burning of pine wood (Pinus elliottii). Chemosphere - Global Change Science 2000, 2:107-122.
52. Slater J.F., Currie L.A., Dibb J.E., Benner B.A. Distinguishing the relative contribution of fossil fuel and biomass combustion aerosols deposited at Summit, Greenland through isotopic and molecular characterization of insoluble carbon. Atmospheric Environment 2002, 36:4463-4477.
53. Soclo H.H., Garrigues P., Ewald M. Origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal marine sediments: case studies in Cotonou (Benin) and Aquitaine (France) areas. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2000, 40:387-396.
54. Stanners, F.M., 2014. Geochemical and Isotopic Investigations of Lake Sediments From the Athabasca Oil Sands Region. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Geoscience. University of Calgary, 136pp.
55. Stocks B.J., Mason J.A., Todd J.B., Bosch E.M., Wotton B.M., Amiro B.D., Flannigan M.D., Hirsch K.G., Logan K.A., Martell D.L., Skinner W.R. Large forest fires in Canada, 1959-1997. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2002, 107:8149.
56. Studabaker W.B., Krupa S., Jayanty R.K.M., Raymer J.H. Measurement of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in epiphytic lichens for receptor modeling in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR): a pilot study. Developments in Environmental Science 2012, 391-425.
57. Tan Y.L., Heit M. Biogenic and abiogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from two remote Adirondack lakes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1981, 45:2267-2279.
58. Tobiszewski M., Namieśnik J. PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources. Environmental Pollution 2012, 162:110-119.
59. Wakeham S.G., Schaffner C., Giger W. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Recent lake sediments. II. Compounds derived from biogenic precursors during early diagenesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1980, 44:415-429.
60. Wang Z., Yang C., Parrott J.L., Frank R.A., Yang Z., Brown C.E., Hollebone B.P., Landriault M., Fieldhouse B., Liu Y., Zhang G., Hewitt L.M. Forensic source differentiation of petrogenic, pyrogenic, and biogenic hydrocarbons in Canadian oil sands environmental samples. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2014, 271:166-177.
61. Yan B., Abrajano T.A., Bopp R.F., Chaky D.A., Benedict L.A., Chillrud S.N. Molecular tracers of saturated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon inputs into Central Park Lake, New York City. Environmental Science and Technology 2005, 39:7012-7019.
62. Yang C., Wang Z., Yang Z., Hollebone B., Brown C.E., Landriault M., Fieldhouse B. Chemical fingerprints of Alberta oil sands and related petroleum products. Environmental Forensics 2011, 12:173-188.
63. Yim U.H., Hong S.H., Shim W.J., Oh J.R., Chang M. Spatio-temporal distribution and characteristics of PAHs in sediments from Masan Bay, Korea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2005, 50:319-326.
64. Yunker M.B., Macdonald R.W., Veltkamp D.J., Cretney W.J. Terrestrial and marine biomarkers in a seasonally ice-covered Arctic estuary - integration of multivariate and biomarker approaches. Marine Chemistry 1995, 49:1-50.
65. Yunker M.B., Macdonald R.W., Vingarzan R., Mitchell R.H., Goyette D., Sylvestre S. PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition. Organic Geochemistry 2002, 33:489-515.