Storing energy in plastics: A review on conducting polymers & their role in electrochemical energy storage

RSC Advances

Volumn 5, Issue 15, 2015, Pages 11611-11626

  Abdelhamid, Muhammad E ^a,c   O'Mullane, Anthony P ^b   Snook, Graeme A ^c  

^a RMIT UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Australia)

^c CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENERGY STORAGE; FUEL CELLS; MECHANICAL STABILITY;

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE; FACILE PRODUCTION; FOCUS OF RESEARCHES; LIGHT WEIGHT; LOW COSTS; NANO-STRUCTURED; SUPER CAPACITOR;

CONDUCTING POLYMERS;

EID: 84921924582     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20462069     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15947k     Document Type: Review

References (154)

1. H. Wu, G. Yu, L. Pan, N. Liu, M. T. McDowell, Z. Bao and Y. Cui, Nat. Commun., 2013, 4, 1943.
2. L. Hu, H. Wu, S. S. Hong, L. Cui, J. R. McDonough, S. Bohy and Y. Cui, Chem. Commun., 2011, 47, 367-369;
3. A. Magasinski, P. Dixon, B. Hertzberg, A. Kvit, J. Ayala and G. Yushin, Nat. Mater., 2010, 9, 353-358.
4. D. Aurbach, J. Power Sources, 2000, 89, 206-218.
5. M. E. Abdelhamid, G. A. Snook and A. P. O'Mullane, ChemPlusChem, 2015, DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402235.
6. Z. Liu, X. Lin, J. Y. Lee, W. Zhang, M. Han and L. M. Gan, Langmuir, 2002, 18, 4054-4060;
7. D. B. Meadowcroft, Nature, 1970, 226, 847-848.
8. B. C. H. Steele and A. Heinzel, Nature, 2001, 414, 345-352.
9. X. Yu and S. Ye, J. Power Sources, 2007, 172, 145-154;
10. M. S. Wilson, F. H. Garzon, K. E. Sickafus and S. Gottesfeld, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1993, 140, 2872-2877.
11. G. Inzelt, in Conducting Polymers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012, pp. 1-6.
12. K. M. Molapo, P. M. Ndangili, R. F. Ajayi, G. Mbambisa, S. M. Mailu, N. Njomo, M. Masikini, P. Baker and E. I. Iwuoha, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2012, 7, 11859-11875.
13. A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson, IUPAC-Compendium of Chemical Terminology-Gold Book, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 2nd edn, 1997.
14. A. J. Epstein, J. M. Ginder, F. Zuo, R. W. Bigelow, H. S. Woo, D. B. Tanner, A. F. Richter, W. S. Huang and A. G. MacDiarmid, Synth. Met., 1987, 18, 303-309;
15. A. J. Epstein, J. M. Ginder, F. Zuo, H. S. Woo, D. B. Tanner, A. F. Richter, M. Angelopoulos, W. S. Huang and A. G. MacDiarmid, Synth. Met., 1987, 21, 63-70.
16. B. Bolto, R. McNeill and D. Weiss, Aust. J. Chem., 1963, 16, 1090-1103;
17. H. Shirakawa, E. J. Louis, A. G. MacDiarmid, C. K. Chiang and A. J. Heeger, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1977, 578-580.
18. C. K. Chiang, C. R. Fincher, Y. W. Park, A. J. Heeger, H. Shirakawa, E. J. Louis, S. C. Gau and A. G. MacDiarmid, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1977, 39, 1098-1101.
19. A. Elschner, S. Kirchmeyer, W. Lövenich, U. Merker and K. Reuter, in PEDOT, CRC Press, 2010, pp. 1-20.
20. C. K. Chiang, M. A. Druy, S. C. Gau, A. J. Heeger, E. J. Louis, A. G. MacDiarmid, Y. W. Park and H. Shirakawa, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 1013-1015.
21. A. J. Heeger, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2001, 105, 8475-8491.
22. G. A. Snook, A. I. Bhatt, M. E. Abdelhamid and A. S. Best, Aust. J. Chem., 2012, 65, 1513-1522.
23. G. A. Snook and G. Z. Chen, J. Electroanal. Chem., 2008, 612, 140-146.
24. G. A. Snook, G. Z. Chen, D. J. Fray, M. Hughes and M. Shaffer, J. Electroanal. Chem., 2004, 568, 135-142.
25. T. F. Otero, Polym. Rev., 2013, 53, 311-351.
26. J. W. Orton, The Story of Semiconductors, Oxford University Press, 2004.
27. A. A. Levin, Introduction to the Quantum Theory of Solids. Chemical Bonding and Structure of Energy Bands in Tetrahedral Semiconductors, Khimiya, 1974.
28. F. Schwabl, Quantum Mechanics, Springer, 1995.
29. W. Greiner, Quantum Mechanics, Springer-Verlag Tokyo, Inc., 1991.
30. P. W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, Oxford Univ Press, 6th edn, 1998.
31. P. W. Atkins and R. S. Friedman, Molecular Quantum Mechanics, Oxford University Press, 3rd edn, 2000.
32. Y.-J. Cheng, S.-H. Yang and C.-S. Hsu, Chem. Rev., 2009, 109, 5868-5923.
33. L. Dai, in Intelligent Macromolecules for Smart Devices, Springer, London, 2004, pp. 41-80.
34. L. Dai, J. Macromol. Sci., Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys., 1999, C39, 273-387.
35. L. Groenendaal, F. Jonas, D. Freitag, H. Pielartzik and J. R. Reynolds, Adv. Mater., 2000, 12, 481-494.
36. L. Hu, D. S. Hecht and G. Grüner, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2009, 94, 081103.
37. A. Elschner, S. Kirchmeyer, W. Lövenich, U. Merker and K. Reuter, in PEDOT, CRC Press, 2010, pp. 83-89.
38. J. L. Bredas and G. B. Street, Acc. Chem. Res., 1985, 18, 309-315.
39. D. J. Sandman, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol., Sect. A, 1998, 325, 260-261.
40. Handbook of Conducting Polymers, Third Edition, Conjugated Polymers, Theory, Synthesis, Properties, and Characterization, ed. T. A. Skotheim and J. R. Reynolds, CRC Press LLC, 2007;
41. G. Inzelt, in Conducting Polymers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012, pp. 149-171.
42. G. G. Wallace, G. M. Spinks and L. A. P. Kane-Maguire, Conductive Electroactive Polymers: Intelligent Materials Systems, 2nd edn, CRC Press, 2002.
43. D. Kumar and R. C. Sharma, Eur. Polym. J., 1998, 34, 1053-1060;
44. S. Annapoorni, N. S. Sundaresan, S. S. Pandey and B. D. Malhotra, J. Appl. Phys., 1993, 74, 2109-2111.
45. A. Elschner, S. Kirchmeyer, W. Lövenich, U. Merker and K. Reuter, in PEDOT, CRC Press, 2010, pp. 67-81;
46. Y. Cao, A. Andreatta, A. J. Heeger and P. Smith, Polymer, 1989, 30, 2305-2311.
47. G. A. Snook and A. S. Best, J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 4248-4254;
48. L. B. Groenendaal, G. Zotti, P.-H. Aubert, S. M. Waybright and J. R. Reynolds, Adv. Mater., 2003, 15, 855-879;
49. I. Villarreal, E. Morales, T. F. Otero and J. L. Acosta, Synth. Met., 2001, 123, 487-492.
50. W. K. Maser, R. Sainz, M. T. Martínez and A. M. Benito, Electroactive polymer-carbon nanotube composites: smart organic materials for optoelectronic applications, 2010.
51. A. G. Green and A. E. Woodhead, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1912, 101, 1117-1123.
52. M. Wu, G. A. Snook, V. Gupta, M. Shaffer, D. J. Fray and G. Z. Chen, J. Mater. Chem., 2005, 15, 2297-2303.
53. G. Zotti, S. Cattarin and N. Comisso, J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem., 1988, 239, 387-396.
54. G. A. Snook, T. L. Greaves and A. S. Best, J. Mater. Chem., 2011, 21, 7622-7629.
55. B. Dong, B.-L. He, C.-L. Xu and H.-L. Li, Mater. Sci. Eng., B, 2007, 143, 7-13.
56. T. F. Otero, J. G. Martinez and J. Arias-Pardilla, Electrochim. Acta, 2012, 84, 112-128;
57. R. Gracia and D. Mecerreyes, Polym. Chem., 2013, 4, 2206-2214;
58. T. F. Otero and E. De Larreta-Azelain, J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1989, 86, 131-141.
59. A. Elschner, S. Kirchmeyer, W. Lövenich, U. Merker and K. Reuter, in PEDOT, CRC Press, 2010, pp. 91-111.
60. N. Gospodinova and L. Terlemezyan, Prog. Polym. Sci., 1998, 23, 1443-1484.
61. I. Sapurina and J. Stejskal, Polym. Int., 2008, 57, 1295-1325.
62. L. Pan, H. Qiu, C. Dou, Y. Li, L. Pu, J. Xu and Y. Shi, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2010, 11, 2636-2657.
63. G. Ćirić-Marjanović, in Nanostructured Conductive Polymers, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010, pp. 19-98.
64. C. G. Wu and T. Bein, Science, 1994, 264, 1757-1759;
65. Q. Pei and O. Inganaes, J. Phys. Chem., 1992, 96, 10507-10514.
66. X. Yu, Y. Li and K. Kalantar-zadeh, Sens. Actuators, B, 2009, 136, 1-7.
67. R. Arsat, X. F. Yu, Y. X. Li, W. Wlodarski and K. Kalantarzadeh, Sens. Actuators, B, 2009, 137, 529-532;
68. S. Virji, J. Huang, R. B. Kaner and B. H. Weiller, Nano Lett., 2004, 4, 491-496;
69. A. S. Arico, P. Bruce, B. Scrosati, J.-M. Tarascon and W. van Schalkwijk, Nat. Mater., 2005, 4, 366-377.
70. P. Simon and Y. Gogotsi, Nat. Mater., 2008, 7, 845-854.
71. Z. Cai and C. R. Martin, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 4138-4139;
72. C. R. Martin, L. S. Van Dyke, Z. Cai and W. Liang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 8976-8977.
73. P. Beadle, S. P. Armes, S. Gottesfeld, C. Mombourquette, R. Houlton, W. D. Andrews and S. F. Agnew, Macromolecules, 1992, 25, 2526-2530;
74. Z. Niu, J. Liu, L. A. Lee, M. A. Bruckman, D. Zhao, G. Koley and Q. Wang, Nano Lett., 2007, 7, 3729-3733;
75. Z. Niu, M. A. Bruckman, S. Li, L. A. Lee, B. Lee, S. V. Pingali, P. Thiyagarajan and Q. Wang, Langmuir, 2007, 23, 6719-6724.
76. S.-C. Luo, H.-h. Yu, A. C. A. Wan, Y. Han and J. Y. Ying, Small, 2008, 4, 2051-2058;
77. G. D. Fu, J. P. Zhao, Y. M. Sun, E. T. Kang and K. G. Neoh, Macromolecules, 2007, 40, 2271-2275.
78. Z. Zhang, J. Sui, L. Zhang, M. Wan, Y. Wei and L. Yu, Adv. Mater., 2005, 17, 2854-2857.
79. R. Liu and S. B. Lee, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 2942-2943;
80. C. R. Martin, Science, 1994, 266, 1961-1966;
81. C. Wang, Z. Wang, M. Li and H. Li, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2001, 341, 431-434.
82. B. Wessling, Adv. Mater., 1993, 5, 300-305.
83. J. Jang, J. H. Oh and G. D. Stucky, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2002, 41, 4016-4019.
84. C. Zhou, J. Han and R. Guo, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 2009, 30, 182-187;
85. C. Zhou, J. Han and R. Guo, Macromolecules, 2009, 42, 1252-1257;
86. C. Zhou, J. Han and R. Guo, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2008, 112, 5014-5019.
87. J. Jang, X. L. Li and J. H. Oh, Chem. Commun., 2004, 794-795.
88. J. Jang, J. Bae and E. Park, Adv. Mater., 2006, 18, 354-358.
89. J. Jang and H. Yoon, Langmuir, 2005, 21, 11484-11489.
90. J. Jang and H. Yoon, Chem. Commun., 2003, 720-721.
91. X. Zhang, J.-S. Lee, G. S. Lee, D.-K. Cha, M. J. Kim, D. J. Yang and S. K. Manohar, Macromolecules, 2006, 39, 470-472.
92. M. Wan, Adv. Mater., 2008, 20, 2926-2932.
93. M. X. Wang, Y. Q. Shen and J. Huang, China Pat., no. 98109916.5, 1998.
94. D.-H. Nam, M.-J. Kim, S.-J. Lim, I.-S. Song and H.-S. Kwon, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1, 8061-8068.
95. A. Elschner, S. Kirchmeyer, W. Lövenich, U. Merker and K. Reuter, in PEDOT, CRC Press, 2010, pp. 167-264.
96. G. Inzelt, in Conducting Polymers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012, pp. 245-293.
97. G. Inzelt, M. Pineri, J. W. Schultze and M. A. Vorotyntsev, Electrochim. Acta, 2000, 45, 2403-2421.
98. A. P. O'Mullane, S. E. Dale, T. M. Day, N. R. Wilson, J. V. Macpherson and P. R. Unwin, J. Solid State Electrochem., 2006, 10, 792-807;
99. A. P. O'Mullane, S. E. Dale, J. V. Macpherson and P. R. Unwin, Chem. Commun., 2004, 1606-1607.
100. J. C. Gustafsson, B. Liedberg and O. Inganaes, Solid State Ionics, 1994, 69, 145-152;
101. G. Nystroem, A. Razaq, M. Stromme, L. Nyholm and A. Mihranyan, Nano Lett., 2009, 9, 3635-3639.
102. M. Nishizawa, K. Mukai, S. Kuwabata, C. R. Martin and H. Yoneyama, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1997, 144, 1923-1927.
103. G. A. Snook, P. Kao and A. S. Best, J. Power Sources, 2011, 196, 1-12.
104. G. M. Greenway, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1995, 309, 408;
105. T. P. Kumar, Bull. Electrochem., 1996, 12, 118.
106. A. G. Pandolfo and A. F. Hollenkamp, J. Power Sources, 2006, 157, 11-27.
107. K. Lota, V. Khomenko and E. Frackowiak, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2004, 65, 295-301.
108. A. Du Pasquier, A. Laforgue, P. Simon, G. G. Amatucci and J.-F. Fauvarque, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2002, 149, A302-A306.
109. K. S. Ryu, K. M. Kim, Y. J. Park, N.-G. Park, M. G. Kang and S. H. Chang, Solid State Ionics, 2002, 152-153, 861-866.
110. D. Villers, D. Jobin, C. Soucy, D. Cossement, R. Chahine, L. Breau and D. Belanger, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2003, 150, A747-A752;
111. S. A. Hashmi and H. M. Upadhyaya, Solid State Ionics, 2002, 152-153, 883-889;
112. C. Arbizzani, M. Mastragostino, L. Meneghello and R. Paraventi, Adv. Mater., 1996, 8, 331-334.
113. A. Rudge, I. Raistrick, S. Gottesfeld and J. P. Ferraris, Electrochim. Acta, 1994, 39, 273-287.
114. J. H. Park and O. O. Park, J. Power Sources, 2002, 111, 185-190.
115. G. A. Snook, G. J. Wilson and A. G. Pandolfo, J. Power Sources, 2009, 186, 216-223.
116. K. S. Ryu, K. M. Kim, N.-G. Park, Y. J. Park and S. H. Chang, J. Power Sources, 2002, 103, 305-309;
117. P. Gomez-Romero, M. Chojak, K. Cuentas-Gallegos, J. A. Asensio, P. J. Kulesza, N. Casan-Pastor and M. Lira-Cantu, Electrochem. Commun., 2003, 5, 149-153;
118. P. J. Kulesza, M. Skunik, B. Baranowska, K. Miecznikowski, M. Chojak, K. Karnicka, E. Frackowiak, F. Beguin, A. Kuhn, M.-H. Delville, B. Starobrzynska and A. Ernst, Electrochim. Acta, 2006, 51, 2373-2379.
119. G. A. Snook, C. Peng, D. J. Fray and G. Z. Chen, Electrochem. Commun., 2007, 9, 83-88.
120. D. A. Notter, M. Gauch, R. Widmer, P. Wager, A. Stamp, R. Zah and H.-J. Althaus, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2010, 44, 6550-6556;
121. J. M. Tarascon and M. Armand, Nature, 2001, 414, 359-367;
122. J. Goodenough, H. Abruna and M. Buchanan, Basic Research Needs for Electrical Energy Storage: Report of the Basic Energy Sciences Workshop on Electrical Energy Storage, US Department of Energy, 2007.
123. B. Kang and G. Ceder, Nature, 2009, 458, 190-193;
124. S.-Y. Chung, J. T. Bloking and Y.-M. Chiang, Nat. Mater., 2002, 1, 123-128.
125. P. G. Bruce, S. A. Freunberger, L. J. Hardwick and J.-M. Tarascon, Nat. Mater., 2012, 11, 19-29.
126. R. D. Rauh, F. S. Shuker, J. M. Marston and S. B. Brummer, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1977, 39, 1761-1766;
127. Y. V. Mikhaylik and J. R. Akridge, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2004, 151, A1969-A1976;
128. S.-E. Cheon, K.-S. Ko, J.-H. Cho, S.-W. Kim, E.-Y. Chin and H.-T. Kim, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2003, 150, A800-A805.
129. S.-E. Cheon, J.-H. Cho, K.-S. Ko, C.-W. Kwon, D.-R. Chang, H.-T. Kim and S.-W. Kim, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2002, 149, A1437-A1441;
130. S.-C. Han, M.-S. Song, H. Lee, H.-S. Kim, H.-J. Ahn and J.-Y. Lee, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2003, 150, A889-A893;
131. G.-C. Li, G.-R. Li, S.-H. Ye and X.-P. Gao, Adv. Energy Mater., 2012, 2, 1238-1245.
132. X. Ji and L. F. Nazar, J. Mater. Chem., 2010, 20, 9821-9826.
133. Y. Yang, G. Yu, J. J. Cha, H. Wu, M. Vosgueritchian, Y. Yao, Z. Bao and Y. Cui, ACS Nano, 2011, 5, 9187-9193.
134. H. Chen, W. Dong, J. Ge, C. Wang, X. Wu, W. Lu and L. Chen, Sci. Rep., 2013, 3, 1910.
135. L. Y. Beaulieu, K. W. Eberman, R. L. Turner, L. J. Krause and J. R. Dahn, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 2001, 4, A137-A140;
136. T. D. Hatchard and J. R. Dahn, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2004, 151, A838-A842;
137. M. W. Verbrugge and Y.-T. Cheng, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2009, 156, A927-A937;
138. A. R. Kamali and D. J. Fray, J. New Mater. Electrochem. Syst., 2010, 13, 147-160;
139. T. Song, J. Xia, J.-H. Lee, D. H. Lee, M.-S. Kwon, J.-M. Choi, J. Wu, S. K. Doo, H. Chang, W. I. Park, D. S. Zang, H. Kim, Y. Huang, K.-C. Hwang, J. A. Rogers and U. Paik, Nano Lett., 2010, 10, 1710-1716.
140. U. Kasavajjula, C. Wang and A. J. Appleby, J. Power Sources, 2007, 163, 1003-1039.
141. H. Kim, M. Seo, M.-H. Park and J. Cho, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2010, 49, 2146-2149;
142. Y. Yao, M. T. McDowell, I. Ryu, H. Wu, N. Liu, L. Hu, W. D. Nix and Y. Cui, Nano Lett., 2011, 11, 2949-2954.
143. C. K. Chan, H. Peng, G. Liu, K. McIlwrath, X. F. Zhang, R. A. Huggins and Y. Cui, Nat. Nanotechnol., 2008, 3, 31-35;
144. L.-F. Cui, Y. Yang, C.-M. Hsu and Y. Cui, Nano Lett., 2009, 9, 3370-3374.
145. I. Kovalenko, B. Zdyrko, A. Magasinski, B. Hertzberg, Z. Milicev, R. Burtovyy, I. Luzinov and G. Yushin, Science, 2011, 334, 75-79;
146. A. Magasinski, B. Zdyrko, I. Kovalenko, B. Hertzberg, R. Burtovyy, C. F. Huebner, T. F. Fuller, I. Luzinov and G. Yushin, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2010, 2, 3004-3010.
147. G. Liu, S. Xun, N. Vukmirovic, X. Song, P. Olalde-Velasco, H. Zheng, V. S. Battaglia, L. Wang and W. Yang, Adv. Mater., 2011, 23, 4679-4683.
148. K. J. J. Mayrhofer, D. Strmcnik, B. B. Blizanac, V. Stamenkovic, M. Arenz and N. M. Markovic, Electrochim. Acta, 2008, 53, 3181-3188.
149. B. Winther-Jensen, O. Winther-Jensen, M. Forsyth and D. R. MacFarlane, Science, 2008, 321, 671-674.
150. R. Kerr, C. Pozo-Gonzalo, M. Forsyth and B. Winther-Jensen, ECS Electrochem. Lett., 2013, 2, F29-F31.
151. E. Nasybulin, W. Xu, M. H. Engelhard, X. S. Li, M. Gu, D. Hu and J.-G. Zhang, Electrochem. Commun., 2013, 29, 63-66.
152. P. P. Cottis, D. Evans, M. Fabretto, S. Pering, P. Murphy and P. Hojati-Talemi, RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 9819-9824;
153. M. Zhang, W. Yuan, B. Yao, C. Li and G. Shi, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2014, 6, 3587-3593;
154. V. G. Khomenko, V. Z. Barsukov and A. S. Katashinskii, Electrochim. Acta, 2005, 50, 1675-1683.