Oxford serialized: Revisiting the huxley-wilberforce debate through the periodical press

History of Science

Volumn 52, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 429-453

  Kaalund, Nanna Katrine Lüders ^a  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Digital humanities; Huxley Wilberforce Debate; Periodical studies; Science and religion

Indexed keywords

EID: 84921893953     PISSN: 00732753     EISSN: 17538564     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0073275314559330     Document Type: Review

References (146)

1. J. Vernon Jensen, 'Return to the Wilberforce-Huxley debate' British Journal of the History of Science, 21, 1988, pp. 161-79
2. J.R. Lucas, 'Wilberforce and Huxley: a legendary encounter' History Journal, 22(3), 1979 pp. 313-30
3. Josef L. Altholtz, 'The Huxley-Wilberforce debate Revisited', Journal of Medical History, 35, 1980, pp. 313-16
4. Sheridan Gilley and Ann Loades, 'Thomas Henry Huxley: The war between science and religion', Journal of Religion, 61, 1981, pp. 285-308
5. Adrian Desmond, Huxley: From Devil's Disciple To Evolution's High Priest (Perseus Books, 1999), pp. 276-81
6. Stephen Jay Gould, 'Knight takes bishop', Natural History, 95(5) 1986, pp. 18-33
7. Frank James, 'An "open clash between science and the church"?: Wilberforce, Huxley and Hooker on Darwin at the British Association, Oxford, 1860', in Eddy M and Knight D M (eds) Science and Beliefs: from Natural Philosophy to Natural Science, 1700-1900 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), pp. 171-194
8. Edward Caudill, Darwinian Myths: The Legends And Misuses of a Theory (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2005)
9. Ian Hesketh, Of Apes and Ancestors: Evolution, Christianity, and the Oxford Debate (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009).
10. See Geoffrey Cantor andand Sally Shuttleworth, 'Introduction', in Geoffrey Cantor and Sally Shuttleworth (eds) Science Serialized: Representation of the Sciences in Nineteenth-Century Periodicals (Cambridge, MA and London, UL: MIT Press, 2004), pp. 1-16
11. Bernard Lightman, 'Victorian sciences and religions: Discordant harmonies', Osiris, 16, 2001, pp. 343-366
12. Jonathan Topham, 'Beyond the "common context": The production and reading of the Bridgewater Treatises', Isis, 89, 1998, pp. 233-62
13. James Secord, 'Knowledge in Transit', Isis, 95, 2004, pp. 654-72.
14. I make use of: Gale News Vault at http://gdc.gale.com/products/gale-newsvault/
15. The Science in the Periodical Press project (SciPer) www.sciper.leeds.ac.uk/
16. the Chadwyck- Healey British Periodicals Index at www.c19index.chadwyck.com.
17. See David M Berry (ed.), Understanding Digital Humanities (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012)
18. James Mussel, The Nineteenth-century Press in the Digital Age (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012).
19. For more on Owen's discussion of developmental theories, see: Peter Kjærgaard, '"Hurrah for the missing link!": A history of apes, ancestors and a crucial piece of evidence.' Royal Society of London, Notes and Records, 65(1) 2011 pp. 83-98, 89-90
20. Richard Owen, 'Negro's Place in Nature' The American Journal of Science and Art, Vol XXV, reprinted version of 1857 paper in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London (1858), p. 184.
21. Berry, op. cit. (Reference 6); David M. Berry, 'The computational turn: thinking about the digital humanities', Culture Machine, 12, 2011, pp. 1-2
22. Alvar Ellegaard, Darwin and the General Reader: The Reception of Darwin's Theory of Evolution in the British Periodical Press, 1859-1872 (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press: 1958) p. 67.
23. Morning Chronicle, 10 September 1861, p. 2.
24. Athenaeum, 14 June 1860, p. 65.
25. Athenaeum, 14 June 1860, p. 65.
26. Athenaeum, 14 June 1860, p. 65.
27. Athenaeum, 07 July 1860, p. 19.
28. Birmingham Daily Post, 02 July 1860, p. 3.
29. Birmingham Daily Post, 02 July 1860, p. 3.
30. Birmingham Daily Post, 02 July 1860, p. 3.
31. Brake, Laurel andand Demoor, Marysa, Dictionary of Nineteenth-century Journalism in Great Britain and Ireland (Gent and London: Academia Press and the British Library, 2009), p. 55.
32. Birmingham Daily Post, 03 January 1870, p. 6; Birmingham Daily Post, 13 May 1869, p.5
33. The Morning Post, 19 August 1892, p. 5
34. Berrow's Worcester Journal, 15 May 1869, p. 8.
35. Leeds Mercury, 29 June 1899
36. Leeds Mercury, 04 January 1894, p.5
37. Peter T. Marsh, 'Chamberlain, Joseph (1836-1914).', in H.C.G. Matthew and Brian Harrison (eds) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), Lawrence Goldman (ed.) online edition (January 2011).
38. Liverpool Mercury, 05 July 1860, p. 2.
39. Illustrated London News, 08 July 8 1861, p. 3
40. Illustrated London News, 26 November1841, p. 1
41. Illustrated London News, 05 July 1860, back page
42. Illustrated London News, 08 July 1861, p. 3
43. Illustrated London News, 14 August 1865, p. 5.
44. Liverpool Mercury, 08 July 1861, p. 3.
45. Illustrated London News, 07 July 1860, p. 3.
46. Brake and Demoor, op. cit., p. 91; Caledonian Mercury, 11 July 1860, p.4
47. Caledonian Mercury, 05 April 1862, p. 3.
48. Westminster Review, 01 October 1860, pp. 412-413.
49. Bentley's Miscellany, 01 January 1861, pp. 73.
50. Helen Killoran, 'Ramée, Marie Louise de la [Ouida] (1839-1908).', in H.C.G. Matthew and Brian Harrison (eds) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), Lawrence Goldman (ed.) online edition, May 2006, http://www.oxforddnb.com.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/view/article/32772 (accessed 13 April 2012).
51. Bernard Lightman, 'The creed of science and its critics' in Martin Hewett (ed.) The Victorian World, , New York, NY and Winnepeg, Manitoba: Routledge, 2012).
52. Literary Gazette, 24 November 1860, p. 437.
53. Literary Gazette, op. cit. (Reference 44), p. 437
54. Literary Gazette, op. cit. (Reference 44), p. 438
55. Literary Gazette, op. cit. (Reference 44), pp. 438.
56. Literary Gazette, op. cit. (Reference 44), pp. 437.
57. Macmillan's Magazine, 01 January 1860, p. 88.
58. Macmillan's Magazine, op. cit. (Reference 50), 81.
59. Lawrence Goldman, 'Fawcett, Henry (1833-1884)', in H.C.G. Matthew and Brian Harrison (eds.) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), Lawrence Goldman (ed.) online edition, May 2006, http://www.oxforddnb.com.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/view/article/9218 (accessed 22 February 2012).
60. Macmillan's Magazine, 01 December 1860, 88, p. 1.
61. Brake and Demoor, op. cit. (Reference 28), p. 389.
62. Macmillan's Magazine, op. cit. (Reference 50), p. 88.
63. Macmillan's Magazine, op. cit. (Reference 50), p. 81.
64. Chambers's Journal, 28 July 1860, p. 64
65. Chambers's Journal, op. cit. (Reference 58), p. 64
66. Chambers's Journal, op. cit. (Reference 58), p. 64
67. Chambers's Journal, 02 January 1847, pp. 15-16.
68. Chambers's Journal, op. cit. (Reference 58), 1, p. 64.
69. Leslie Stephen (ed), Letters of John Richard Green, (London: Macmillan and Co., 1901) pp. 42-5.
70. Manchester Times, 31 January 1885, p. 6.
71. James Secord, Victorian Sensation: The Extraordinary Publication, Reception, and Secret Authorship of Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2000), pp.364-400.
72. Era, 26 August 1860, p. 5
73. Cheshire Observer, 22 September 1860, p. 1.
74. Era, op. cit. (Reference 69)
75. Era, 02 March 1862, p. 4
76. Era 29 November 1857, p. 8.
77. Derby Mercury, 11 July 1860, p. 6.
78. Manchester Guardian, 05 July 1860, p. 4
79. Derby Mercury, op. cit. (Reference 72), p. 6.
80. John Bull, 07 July 1860, p. 422.
81. John Bull, op. cit. (Reference 74), p. 422
82. Jackson's Oxford Journal, 04 July 1860, p. 2.
83. John Bull, op. cit. (Reference 74), p. 422
84. Jackson's Oxford Journal, (Reference 74), p. 2.
85. Jackson's Oxford Journal, 07 July 1860, pp. 1, 8
86. The Australasian, 18 May 1867, p. 635
87. The Morning Post, 09 January 1888, p. 1
88. May, Frederick, May's British and Irish Press Guide and Advertiser's Dictionary and Handbook (1876), p. 159.
89. When W. Lowndes' son Jefferson Lowndes committed suicide in 1893 after having suddenly gone blind, several obituaries referred to his late father as the newspaper editor. See: Aberdeen Weekly Journal, 16 August 1893, p. 6
90. The Morning Post, 11 August 1893, p. 6.
91. Jackson's Oxford Journal, 02 February 1867, p. 5
92. The Derby Mercury, 06 February 1867, p. 7
93. The Athenaeum, March 1807, p. 319.
94. Jackson's Oxford Journal, 15 December 1877, p. 1
95. Jackson's Oxford Journal, 02 February 1867, p. 5
96. The Pall Mall Gazette, 11 February 1867, p. 6
97. The Derby Mercury, 06 February 867, p. 7
98. The Morning Post, 12 October 1872, p. 4.
99. The Morning Post, 23 November 1860, p. 4.
100. Brake and Demoor, op. cit. (Reference 28), p. 427
101. H.C.G. Matthew, 'Borthwick, Algernon, Baron Glenesk (1830-1908),' in H.C.G. Matthew (ed.) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press), Lawrence Goldman (ed.), online editionition, http://www.oxforddnb.com.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/view/article/31973 (accessed 14 April 2012).
102. Wilfrid Hope Hindle, Morning Post, 1772-1937: Portrait of a Newspaper, (London: George Routledge & Sons Ltd., 1937), p. 185.
103. For more on anonymity, see: David Vincent, The Culture of Secrecy, Britain, 1832-1998, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).
104. At least two different authors wrote under the initials W.S.G.: William Sidney Gibson (1814-1871) and M.D. William Smith Greenfield (1846-1919), see: Samuel Halkett and John Laing (ed), Dictionary of Anonymous and Pseudonymous English Literature, Volume 1 (Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1926), p. 54
105. Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals, 1824-1900 at www.wellesley.chadwyck.com.
106. The New Monthly Magazine (February 1871), p. 244.
107. Proceedings of the Geological Society of London, [month unknown], 1839, p. 193
108. The New Monthly Magazine , March 1871, p. 244
109. Francis Watt, 'Gibson, William Sidney (1814-1871)', in H.C.G. Matthew and Brian Harrison (eds.) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), Lawrence Goldman (ed.) online edition, http://www.oxforddnb.com.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/view/article/10644 (accessed 16 April 2012).
110. Bentley's Miscellany, July 1860, p. 298.
111. Bentley's Miscellany, op. cit. (Reference 93), p. 298.
112. Athenaeum, 14 July 1860, p. 65.
113. Glasgow Herald, 04 July 1860, p. 4.
114. Glasgow Herald, op. cit. (Reference 96), p. 8
115. Brake and Demoor, 14 July 1860, (Reference 28), p. 250.
116. George Stronach, 'Pagan, James (1811-1870)', in H.C.G. Matthew and Brian Harrison (eds.) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), Lawrence Goldman (ed) online edition, http://www.oxforddnb.com.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/view/article/21083 (accessed 14 April 2012)
117. David Robertson and Robert Reid, Glasgow, Past and Present 1884 (Glasgow: David Robertson and Co., 1884), p. 499.
118. Morning Chronicle, 09 July 1860, p. 7.
119. Morning Chronicle, op. cit. (Reference 100), p. 7.
120. Morning Chronicle, op. cit. (Reference 100), p. 7.
121. Morning Chronicle, op. cit. (Reference 100), p. 8.
122. See for example: Ralph O'Connor, The Earth on Show, Fossils and the Poetics of Popular Science, 1802-1856 (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2008).
123. Morning Chronicle, op. cit. (Reference 100), p. 8.
124. Morning Chronicle, 09 March 1859, p. 5.
125. Morning Chronicle, op. cit. (Reference 106), p. 5.
126. John Bull, 07 June 1862, p. 14.
127. Birmingham Daily Post, 02 July 1860, p. 3
128. The Derby Mercury, 11 July 1860, p. 6.
129. National Magazine, November 1856, p. 1.
130. According to the Atheneaum, the name 'Christopher Crayon' was first used by Mr James Clarke, the editor of Christian World, who transferred it to Ritchie. Athenaeum, 30 July 1898, p. 161
131. Quiver, January 1906, pp. 493-498
132. Speaker, 30 July 1898, p. 130
133. Standard, 15 January 1861, p. 6.
134. Quiver, 01 January 1906, pp. 493-498.
135. Lightman, Victorian Popularizers of Science: Designing Nature for New Audiences (Chicago, IL and London: University of Chicago Press, 2007), pp. 40-41.
136. The Morning Chronicle, op. cit. (Reference 17), p. 2
137. The Literary Gazette, 14 September 1861, pp. 252-59
138. The Times, 05 September 1861, p. 6.
139. Leeds Mercury, 09 October 1862, p. 4.
140. Pall Mall Gazette, 01 June 1869, p. 11.
141. Pall Mall Gazette, op. cit. (Reference 115), p. 11.
142. Contemporary Review, 06 June 1872, p. 5.
143. Manchester Times, 31 January 1885, p. 6.
144. Times, 29 November 1887, p. 10.
145. Times, November op. cit. (Reference 119), p. 10.
146. Times, 01 December 1887, p. 8.