N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation potential of amine-based water treatment polymers: Effects of in situ chloramination, breakpoint chlorination, and pre-oxidation

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Volumn 282, Issue , 2015, Pages 133-140

  Park, Sang Hyuck ^a,b   Padhye, Lokesh P ^a,c   Wang, Pei ^a   Cho, Min ^d   Kim, Jae Hong ^a   Huang, Ching Hua ^a  

^a Georgia Institute of Technology   (United States)

^b GEORGIA GWINNETT COLLEGE   (United States)

^c INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BOMBAY   (India)

^d Chonbuk National University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Breakpoint chlorination; In situ chloramination; NDMA; Polyamine; PolyDADMAC; Pre oxidation

Indexed keywords

AMINATION; CHLORINATION; CHLORINE; CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; OXIDANTS; OXIDATION; OZONE; OZONE WATER TREATMENT; OZONIZATION; REACTION INTERMEDIATES; WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS; WATER POLLUTION CONTROL; WATER TREATMENT;

BREAKPOINT; CHLORAMINATION; NDMA; POLYAMINES; POLYDADMAC; PRE-OXIDATION;

POLYMERS;

AMINE; CHLORAMINE DERIVATIVE; CHLORINE; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; DIMETHYLAMINE; DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE; EPICHLOROHYDRIN; MONOCHLORAMINE; OXIDIZING AGENT; OZONE; POLY(DIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE); POLYAMINE DERIVATIVE; POLYMER; AMMONIA; CHLORINE DERIVATIVE; HYPOCHLORITE SODIUM; OXIDE; POLY-N,N-DIMETHYL-N,N-DIALLYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; POLYAMINE; POLYETHYLENE DERIVATIVE; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM DERIVATIVE;

CARCINOGEN; CHLORINATION; IN SITU TEST; NITROGEN COMPOUND; OXIDATION; OZONE; POLYMER; TRANSFORMATION; WATER TREATMENT;

AMINATION; ARTICLE; CHLORAMINATION; CHLORINATION; DEGRADATION; DISINFECTION; OXIDATION; OZONATION; WATER SUPPLY; WATER TREATMENT; CHEMISTRY; HALOGENATION; WATER MANAGEMENT;

AMMONIA; CHLORAMINES; CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; DIMETHYLAMINES; DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE; HALOGENATION; OXIDANTS; OXIDES; OZONE; POLYAMINES; POLYETHYLENES; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE; WATER PURIFICATION;

EID: 84921860338     PISSN: 03043894     EISSN: 18733336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.044     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Choi J., Valentine R.L. Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from reaction of monochloramine: a new disinfection by-product. Water Res. 2002, 36:817-824.
2. Mitch W.A., Sharp J.O., Trussell R.R., Valentine R.L., Alvarez-Cohen L., Sedlak D.L. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) as a drinking water contaminant: a review. Environ. Eng. Sci. 2003, 20:389-404.
3. Krasner S.W., Weinberg H.S., Richardson S.D., Pastor S.J., Chinn R., Sclimenti M.J., Onstad G.D., Thruston A.D. Occurrence of a new generation of disinfection byproducts. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40:7175-7185.
4. Bond T., Huang J., Templeton M.R., Graham N. Occurrence and control of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in drinking water - a review. Water Res. 2011, 45:4341-4354.
5. USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency IRIS database. (accessed 30.09.13). http://www.epa.gov/ncea/iris/.
6. California Department of Public Health, California drinking water: NDMA-related activities. (accessed 30.09.13). http://www.cdph.ca.gov/certlic/drinkingwater/Pages/NDMA.aspx.
7. USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule 2 (UCMR2). (accessed 30.09.13). http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/rulesregs/sdwa/ucmr/ucmr2/index.cfm.
8. USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency Contaminant Candidate List 3. (accessed 30.09.13). http://water.epa.gov/scitech/drinkingwater/dws/ccl/ccl3.cfm.
9. Mitch W.A., Sedlak D.L. Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from dimethylamine during chlorination. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36:588-595.
10. Schreiber I.M., Mitch W.A. Influence of the order of reagent addition on NDMA formation during chloramination. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39:3811-3818.
11. Schreiber I.M., Mitch W.A. Nitrosamine formation pathway revisited: the importance of chloramine speciation and dissolved oxygen. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40:6007-6014.
12. Shah A.D., Mitch W.A. Halonitroalkanes, halonitriles, haloamides, and N-nitrosamines: a critical review of nitrogenous disinfection by-products formation pathways. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46:119-131.
13. Mitch W.A., Gerecke A.C., Sedlak D.L. A N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursor analysis for chlorination of water and wastewater. Water Res. 2003, 37:3733-3741.
14. Mitch W.A., Sedlak D.L. Characterization and fate of N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors in municipal wastewater treatment plants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38:1445-1454.
15. Kemper J.M., Walse S.S., Mitch W.A. Quaternary amines as nitrosamine precursors: a role for consumer products?. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44:1224-1231.
16. Kemper J.M., Westerhoff P., Dotson A., Mitch W.A. Nitrosamine, dimethylnitramine, and chloropicrin formation during strong base anion-exchange treatment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43:466-472.
17. Cheng R.C., Hwang C.J., Andrews-Tate C., Guo Y.B., Carr S., Suffet I.H. Alternative methods for the analysis of NDMA and other nitrosamines in water. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 2006, 98:82-96.
18. Chen Z., Valentine R.L. Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from humic substances in natural water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:6059-6065.
19. Padhye L., Tezel U., Mitch W.A., Pavlostathis S.G., Huang C.-H. Occurrence and fate of nitrosamines and their precursors in municipal sludge and anaerobic digestion systems. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43:3087-3093.
20. Padhye L.P., Kim J.-H., Huang C.-H. Oxidation of dithiocarbamates to yield N-nitrosamines by water disinfection oxidants. Water Res. 2013, 47:725-736.
21. Najm I., Trussell R.R. NDMA formation in water and wastewater. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 2001, 93:92-99.
22. Najm I., Teefy S., Barrett S.E. NDMA formation from water treatment polymers. Proceedings of Annual AWWA Conference 2004.
23. Wilczak A., Assadi-Rad A., Lai H.H., Hoover L.L., Smith J.F., Berger R., Rodigari F., Beland J.W., Lazzelle L.J., Kinicannon E.G., Baker H., Heaney C.T. Formation of NDMA in chloraminated water coagulated with DADMAC cationic polymer. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 2003, 95:94-106.
24. Charrois J.W.A., Hrudey S.E. Breakpoint chlorination and free-chlorine contact time: implications for drinking water N-nitrosodimethylamine concentrations. Water Res. 2007, 41:674-682.
25. Park S.H., Wei S., Mizaikoff B., Taylor A.E., Favero C., Huang C.-H. Degradation of amine-based water treatment polymers during chloramination as N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursors. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43:1360-1366.
26. Park S.H., Piyachaturawat P., Taylor A.E., Huang C.-H. Potential N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation from amine-based water treatment polymers in the reactions with chlorine-based oxidants and nitrosifying agents. Water Sci. Technol. 2009, 9:279-288.
27. Padhye L., Luzinova Y., Cho M., Mizaikoff B., Kim J.H., Huang C.H. PolyDADMAC and dimethylamine as precursors of N-nitrosodimethylamine during ozonation: reaction kinetics and mechanisms. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45:4353-4359.
28. Knight J., Watson K., Farrer M., Shaw G. N-nitrosodimethylamine and trihalomethane formation and minimisation in Southeast Queensland drinking water. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2012, 184:4207-4222.
29. Farre M.J., Reungoat J., Argaud F.X., Rattier M., Keller J., Gernjak W. Fate of N-nitrosodimethylamine, trihalomethane and haloacetic acid precursors in tertiary treatment including biofiltration. Water Res. 2011, 45:5695-5704.
30. Chen Z., Valentine R.L. The influence of the pre-oxidation of natural organic matter on the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42:5062-5067.
31. Krasner S.W., Mofidi A., Liang S. DBP formation resulting from short-term contact with chlorine, followed by long-term contact with chloramines 2003, 1348-1365. Proceeding of Annual Conference of Am. Water Works Assoc.
32. Golfinopoulos S.K., Nikolaou A.D., Lekkas T.D. The occurrence of disinfection by-products in the drinking water of Athenes, Greece. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2003, 10:368-372.
33. Schreiber I.M., Mitch W.A. Enhanced nitrogenous disinfection byproduct formation near the breakpoint: implications for nitrification control. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:7039-7046.
34. Reckhow D.A., Legube B., Singer P.C. The ozonation of organic halide precursors: effect of bicarbonate. Water Res. 1986, 20:987-998.
35. Singer P.C., Reckhow D.A. Chemical oxidation. AWWA Water Quality and Treatment. A Handbook of Community Water Supplies 1999, McGraw-Hill, New York. 5th ed.
36. Lee C., Schmidt C., Yoon J., von Gunten U. Oxidation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursors with ozone and chlorine dioxide: kinetics and effect on NDMA formation potential. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:2056-2063.
37. Shah A.D., Krasner S.W., Lee C.F.T., Gunten U.v., Mitch W.A. Trade-offs in disinfection byproduct formation associated with precursor preoxidation for control of N-nitrosodimethylamine formation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46:4809-4818.
38. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 1998, American Public Health Association (APHA)/American Water Works Association (AWWA)/Water Environment Federation (WEF), Washington, D.C., USA. 20th ed. A.D. Eaton, L.S. Clesceri, A.E. Greenberg (Eds.).
39. Choi J.H., Valentine R.L. N-nitrosodimethylamine formation by free-chlorine-enhanced nitrosation of dimethylamine. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37:4871-4876.
40. Andrzejewski P., Fijolek L., Nawrocki J. An influence of hypothetical products of dimethylamine ozonation on N-nitrosodimethylamine formation. J. Hazard. Mater. 2012, 229-230:340-345.