Up Close and Personal: A Consideration of the Role of Personal Therapy in the Development of a Psychotherapist

On Becoming a Psychotherapist: The Personal and Professional Journey

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages

  Phillips, Suzanne B ^a  

^a LONG ISLAND UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Orientations; Person of the therapist; Personal therapy; Professional growth; Supervision

Indexed keywords

EID: 84921726133     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199736393.003.0007     Document Type: Chapter

References (66)

1. Aron, L. (1996). A Meeting of Minds: Mutuality in Psychoanalysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
2. Bieling, P., McCabe, R., & Antony, M. (2006). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Groups. New York: Guildford Press.
3. Bike, D. S., Norcross, J. C., & Schatz, D. (2009). Processes and outcomes of psychotherapists' personal therapy: Replication and extension 20 years later. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 46(1), 19-31.
4. Bowen, M. (1978). Family Therapy in Clinical Practice. Northvale, NY: Aronson.
5. Brown, L. S. (2009). Cultural Competence in Trauma Therapy. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
6. Burlingame, G. M., MacKenzie, K. R., & Strauss, B. (2004). Small group treatment: Evidence for effectiveness and mechanisms of change. In M. J. Lambert, A. E. Bergin, & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Bergin and Garfield's Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (5th ed., pp. 647-696). New York: Wiley.
7. Carey, B., Cave, D., & Alvarez, L. (2009). For therapists in the military, painful stories. New York Times, Nov. 8, A26.
8. Celenza, A. (2007). Sexual Boundary Violations. New Jersey: Jason Aronson.
9. Crosby, G. Personal communication, 1/15/09.
10. Cunningham, M. (2003). Impact of trauma work on social work clinicians: empirical findings. Social Work, 48, 1-10. Retrieved 11/2/09
11. Darongkamas, J., Burton, M. V., & Cushway, D. (1994). The use of personal therapy by clinical psychologists working in the NHS in the United Kingdom. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 18, 299-305.
12. Ehrenberg, D. (1992). The Intimate Edge: Extending the Reach of Psychoanalytic Interaction. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.
13. Elliott, R., & Partyka, R. (2005). Personal therapy and growth in experiential-humanistic therapies. In J. D. Geller, J. C. Norcross, & D. E. Orlinsky (Eds.), The Psychotherapist's Own Psychotherapy: Patient and Clinician Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
14. Elman, N., & Forrest, L. (2004). Psychotherapy in the remediation of psychology trainees: Exploratory interviews with training directors. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 35(2), 123-130.
15. Engel, J. (2008). American Therapy: The Rise of Psychotherapy in the United States. New York: Gotham Books.
16. Fenster, S., Phillips, S. B., & Rappaport, E. (1986). The Therapist's Pregnancy: Intrusion into the Analytic Space. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
17. Fleming, J., & Benedek, T. (1966). Psychoanalytic Supervision. New York: Grune & Stratton.
18. Freud, S. (1958). Observations on transference love. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans.), The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 12, pp. 157-171). London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1915)
19. Friedman, R. A. (2008, February 19). Have you ever been in psychotherapy, doctor? New York Times. Retrieved January 1, 2009, from
20. Fromm-Reichmann, Frieda. (1950). Principles of intensive psychotherapy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
21. Geller, J. D., Norcross, J. C., & Orlinsky, D. E. (Eds.) (2005). The Psychotherapist's Own Psychotherapy: Patient and Clinician Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
22. Grunebaum, H. (1983). A study of therapists' choice of therapist. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 1336-1339.
23. Haley, J. (1976). Problem Solving Therapy. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
24. Hays, P. A. (2008). Addressing Cultural Complexities in Practice: Assessment, Diagnosis, and Therapy (2nd ed.) Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
25. Hirsch, I. (1996). Observing-Participation, mutual enactment, and the new classical models. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 32(3), 359-383.
26. Huprich, S. K., & Rudd, M. D. (2003). A national survey of trainee impairment in clinical, counseling and school psychology doctoral programs. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60, 43-52.
27. Kernberg, O. (1984). Countertransferernce, transference, regression and the incapacity to defend. In H. C. Hays (Ed.), Between Analyst and Patient: New Dimensions in Countertransference. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.
28. Laireiter, A-R., & Willutzki, U. (2005). Personal therapy in cognitive-behavioral therapy: Tradition and current practice. In J. D. Geller, J. C. Norcross, & D. E. Orlinsky (Eds.), The Psychotherapist's Own Psychotherapy: Patient and Clinician Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
29. Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2007). Therapy work and therapists' positive and negative wellbeing. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 26, 385-403.
30. Macran, S., Smith, J., & Stiles, W. B. (1999). How does personal therapy affect therapists' practice? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46(4), 419-431.
31. McCann, I. L., & Pearlman, L. A. (1990). Vicarious traumatization: A contextual model of understanding the effects of trauma on helpers. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3(1), 131-149.
32. Meyers, M. F., & Gabbard, G. O. (2008). The Physician as Patient: A Clinical Handbook for the Mental Health Professional. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
33. Norcross, J. C. (Ed.) (2002). Psychotherapy Relationships That Work. New York: Oxford University Press.
34. Norcross, J. C. (2005). The psychotherapist's own psychotherapy: Educating and developing psychologists. American Psychologist, doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.60.8.840.
35. Norcross, J. C., & Connor, K. A. (2005). Psychotherapists entering personal therapy. In J. D. Geller, J. C. Norcross, & D. E. Orlinsky (Eds.), The Psychotherapist's Own Psychotherapy: Patient and Clinician Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
36. Norcross, J. C., & Grunebaum, H. (2005). The selection and characteristics of therapists' psychotherapists: A research synthesis. In J. D. Geller, J. C. Norcross, & D. E. Orlinsky (Eds.), The Psychotherapist's Own Psychotherapy: Patient and Clinician Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
37. Norcross, J. C., & Guy, J. D. (2005). The prevalence and parameters of personal therapy in the United States. In J. D. Geller, J. C. Norcross, & D. E. Orlinsky (Eds.), The Psychotherapist's Own Psychotherapy: Patient and Clinician Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
38. Norcross, J. C., Strausser, D. J., & Faltus, F. J. (1988). The therapist's therapist. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 42, 53-66.
39. Orlinsky, D. E., Norcross, J. C., Ronnestad, M. H., & Wiseman, H. (2005a). Outcomes and impacts of the psychotherapist's own psychotherapy: A research review. In J. D. Geller, J. C. Norcross, & D. E. Orlinsky (Eds.), The Psychotherapist's Own Psychotherapy: Patient and Clinician Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
40. Orlinsky, D. E., & Ronnestad, M. H. (2005a). How Psychotherapists Develop: A Study of Therapeutic Work and Professional Growth. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
41. Orlinsky, D. E., & Ronnestad, M. H. (2005b). Career development: Growth and correlates of evolving expertise. In D. E. Orlinsky & M. H. Ronnestad (Eds.), How Psychotherapists Develop: A Study of Therapeutic Work and Professional Growth. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
42. Orlinsky, D. E., & Ronnestad, M. H. (2005c). Current development: Growth and depletion. In D. E. Orlinsky & M. H. Ronnestad (Eds.), How Psychotherapists Develop: A Study of Therapeutic Work and Professional Growth. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
43. Orlinsky, D. E., Ronnestad, M. H., Willutzki, U., Wiseman, H., Botermans, J., & the SPR Collaborative Research Network (2005b). The prevalence and parameters of personal therapy in Europe and elsewhere. In J. D. Geller, J. C. Norcross, & D. E. Orlinsky (Eds.), The Psychotherapist's Own Psychotherapy: Patient and Clinician Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
44. Ormont, L. R. (1980). Training group therapists through the study of countertransferences. Group, 4(4), 17-19.
45. Ormont, L. R. (1992). Subjective countertransference in the group setting: The modern analytic experience. Modern Psychoanalysis, 17(1), 3-12.
46. Palm, K. M., Smith, A. A., & Follette, V. M. (2002). Trauma therapy and therapist self-care. Behavior Therapist, 25, 40-42.
47. Park-Taylor, J., Kim, G., Budianto, L., Pfeifer, G., Laidlaw, P., Sakurai, M., & Pfeifer, J. (2009). Toward reflective practice: A multicultural competence training model from a community mental health center. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40, 88-95.
48. Pearlman, L. A., & Saakvitne, K. (1995). Trauma and the Therapist: Countertransference and Vicarious Traumatization in Psychotherapy with Incest Survivors. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.
49. Peebles, M. J. (1980). Personal therapy and ability to display empathy, warmth and genuineness in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 17, 258-262.
50. Phillips, S. B. (2004). Countertransference: Effects on the group therapist working with trauma. In B. Buchele & H. Spitz (Eds.), Group Interventions for Treatment of Psychological Trauma. New York: American Group Psychotherapy Association.
51. Phillips, S. B. (2006). Intruder and insider: The impact of the supervisor on the supervisee and the process of supervision. Analytic Insights: The Journal of the Suffolk Society for Psychotherapy & Psychoanalysis, 4, 5-13.
52. Phillips, S., & Kane, D. (2008). Healing Together After Trauma: A Couple's Guide to Coping with Trauma and Post-traumatic Stress. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
53. Pope, K. S., & Tabachnick, B. G. (1994). Therapists as patients: A national survey of psychologists' experiences, problems, and beliefs. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, doi: 10.1037/0735-7028.25.3.247.
54. Prochaska, J. O., & Norcross, J. C. (1983). Contemporary psychotherapists: A national survey of characteristics, practices, orientations, and attitudes. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 20(2), 161-173.
55. Racker, H. (1968). Transference and Countertransference. New York: International Universities Press.
56. Rock, M. H. (Ed.) (1997). Psychodynamic Supervision: Perspectives of the Supervisor and the Supervisee. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, Inc.
57. Ronnestad, M. H., & Skovholt, T. M. (2001). Learning arenas for professional development retrospective accounts of senior psychotherapists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 32(2), 181-187.
58. Ronnestad, M. H., & Skovholt, T. M. (2003). The journey of the counselor and therapist: Research findings and perspectives on professional development. Journal of Career Development, 30(1), 5-44.
59. Roth, B. E. (1990). Countertransference and the group therapist's state of mind. In B. Roth, W. Stone, & H. Kibel (Eds.), The Difficult Patient in Group (pp. 287-294). New York: International University Press.
60. Scharff, D., & Scharff, J. S. (1987). Object Relations Family Therapy. New York: Aronson
61. Stossel, S. (2008, December 21). Still crazy after all these years. New York Times. Retrieved February 8, 2009, from
62. Strupp, H. (1978). The therapist's theoretical orientation: An overrated variable. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 15(4), 314-317.
63. Wachtel, P. L. (2008). Relational Theory and the Practice of Psychotherapy. New York: Guilford Press.
64. Whitaker, C. A., & Keith, D. V. (1981). Symbolic-experiential family therapy. In A. S. Gurman & D. P. Kniskern (Eds.), Handbook of Family Therapy. New York: Brunner-Mazel.
65. Wilson, G. T., Hannon, A. E., & Evans, W. I. (1968). Behavior therapy and the therapistpatient relationship. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 32(2), 103-109.
66. Yalom, I. D. (2002). The Gift of Therapy. New York: Harper Perennial.