Triple positive breast cancer: A distinct subtype?

Cancer Treatment Reviews

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 69-76

  Vici, Patrizia ^a   Pizzuti, Laura ^a   Natoli, Clara ^b   Gamucci, Teresa ^c   Di Lauro, Luigi ^a   Barba, Maddalena ^a   Sergi, Domenico ^a   Botti, Claudio ^a   Michelotti, Andrea ^d   Moscetti, Luca ^e   Mariani, Luciano ^a   Izzo, Fiorentino ^a   D'Onofrio, Loretta ^f   Sperduti, Isabella ^a   Conti, Francesca ^a   Rossi, Valentina ^g   Cassano, Alessandra ^h   Maugeri Saccà, Marcello ^a   Mottolese, Marcella ^a   Marchetti, Paolo ⁱ  

^a REGINA ELENA NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHIETI   (Italy)

^c ASL Frosinone   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF PISA   (Italy)

^e BELCOLLE HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^f UNIVERSITY CAMPUS BIO MEDICO   (Italy)

^g Ospedale Civile di Saluzzo   (Italy)

^h CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

ⁱ SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

Author keywords

Anti HER 2 agents; Breast cancer; Chemotherapy; Hormonal therapy; Triple positive

Indexed keywords

ANASTROZOLE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; GEFITINIB; LAPATINIB; LETROZOLE; PERTUZUMAB; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; TAMOXIFEN; TRASTUZUMAB; ANTINEOPLASTIC HORMONE AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS; ERBB2 PROTEIN, HUMAN; TUMOR MARKER;

BREAST CANCER; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER HORMONE THERAPY; CANCER SURVIVAL; DRUG EFFICACY; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; HUMAN; NATIONAL HEALTH ORGANIZATION; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; REVIEW; TRIPLE POSITIVE BREAST CANCER; TUMOR VOLUME; ANTAGONISTS AND INHIBITORS; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CHEMISTRY; DRUG RESISTANCE; FEMALE; MOLECULARLY TARGETED THERAPY; PATHOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; PROCEDURES; PROGNOSIS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL; BREAST NEOPLASMS; DRUG RESISTANCE, NEOPLASM; FEMALE; HUMANS; MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY; PHENOTYPE; PROGNOSIS; RECEPTOR, ERBB-2; RECEPTORS, ESTROGEN; RECEPTORS, PROGESTERONE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 84921635574     PISSN: 03057372     EISSN: 15321967     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.12.005     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Perou C.M., Sørlie T., Eisen M.B., van de Rijn M., Jeffrey S.S., Rees C.A., et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 2000, 406:747-752.
2. Slamon D.J., Clark G.M., Wong S.G., Levin W.J., Ullrich A., McGuire W.L. Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene. Science 1987, 235:177-182.
3. Anderson W.F., Chatterjee N., Ershler W.B., Brawley O.W. Estrogen receptor breast cancer phenotypes in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2002, 76:27-36.
4. Cui X., Schiff R., Arpino G., Osborne C.K., Lee A.V. Biology of progesterone receptor loss in breast cancer and its implications for endocrine therapy. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23:7721-7735.
5. Rakha E.A., El-Sayed M.E., Green A.R., Paish E.C., Powe D.G., Gee J., et al. Biologic and clinical characteristics of breast cancer with single hormone receptor positive phenotype. J Clin Oncol 2007, 25:4772-4778.
6. Konecny G., Pauletti G., Pegram M., Untch M., Dandekar S., Aguilar Z., et al. Quantitative association between HER-2/neu and steroid hormone receptors in hormone receptor-positive primary breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003, 95:142-153.
7. Lal P., Tan L.K., Chen B. Correlation of HER-2 status with estrogen and progesterone receptors and histologic features in 3,655 invasive breast carcinomas. Am J Clin Pathol 2005, 123:541-546.
8. Dowsett M., Allred C., Knox J., Quinn E., Salter J., Wale C., et al. Relationship between quantitative estrogen and progesterone receptor expression and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) status with recurrence in the arimidex, tamoxifen, alone or in combination trial. J Clin Oncol 2008, 26:1059-1065.
9. Untch M., Gelber R.D., Jackisch C., Procter M., Baselga J., Bell R., et al. Estimating the magnitude of trastuzumab effects within patient subgroups in the HERA trial. Ann Oncol 2008, 19:1090-1096.
10. Slamon D.J., Leyland-Jones B., Shak S., Fuchs H., Paton V., Bajamonde A., et al. Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N Engl J Med 2001, 344:783-792.
11. Brufsky A., Lembersky B., Schiffman K., Lieberman G., Paton V.E. Hormone receptor status does not affect the clinical benefit of trastuzumab therapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2005, 6:247-252.
12. Arpino G., Weiss H., Lee A.V., Schiff R., De Placido S., Osborne C.K., et al. Estrogen receptor-positive, progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer: association with growth factor receptor expression and tamoxifen resistance. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005, 97:1254-1261.
13. De Laurentiis M., Arpino G., Massarelli E., Ruggiero A., Carlomagno C., Ciardiello F., et al. A meta-analysis on the interaction between HER-2 expression and response to endocrine treatment in advanced breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2005, 11:4741-4748.
14. Lipton A., Ali S.M., Leitzel K., Demers L., Chinchilli V., Engle L., et al. Elevated serum Her-2/neu level predicts decreased response to hormone therapy in metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002, 20:1467-1472.
15. Osborne C.K., Schiff R. Mechanisms of endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Annu Rev Med 2011, 62:233-247.
16. Shou J., Massarweh S., Osborne C.K., Wakeling A.E., Ali S., Weiss H., et al. Mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance: increased estrogen receptor-HER2/neu cross-talk in ER/HER2-positive breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004, 96:926-935.
17. Witters L.M., Kumar R., Chinchilli V.M., Lipton A. Enhanced anti-proliferative activity of the combination of tamoxifen plus HER-2-neu antibody. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1997, 42:1-5.
18. Witters L., Engle L., Lipton A. Restoration of estrogen responsiveness by blocking the HER-2/neu pathway. Oncol Rep 2002, 9:1163-1166.
19. Marchiò C., Natrajan R., Shiu K.K., Lambros M.B., Rodriguez-Pinilla S.M., Tan D.S., et al. The genomic profile of HER2-amplified breast cancers: the influence of ER status. J Pathol 2008, 216:399-407.
20. Knowlden J.M., Hutcheson I.R., Jones H.E., Madden T., Gee J.M., Harper M.E., et al. Elevated levels of epidermal growth factor receptor/c-erbB2 heterodimers mediate an autocrine growth regulatory pathway in tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 cells. Endocrinology 2003, 144:1032-1044.
21. Massarweh S., Osborne C.K., Creighton C.J., Qin L., Tsimelzon A., Huang S., et al. Tamoxifen resistance in breast tumors is driven by growth factor receptor signaling with repression of classic estrogen receptor genomic function. Cancer Res 2008, 68:826-833.
22. Gee J.M., Harper M.E., Hutcheson I.R., Madden T.A., Barrow D., Knowlden J.M., et al. The antiepidermal growth factor receptor agent gefitinib (ZD1839/Iressa) improves antihormone response and prevents development of resistance in breast cancer in vitro. Endocrinology 2003, 144:5105-5117.
23. Arpino G., Gutierrez C., Weiss H., Rimawi M., Massarweh S., Bharwani L., et al. Treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing breast cancer xenografts with multiagent HER-targeted therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007, 99:694-705.
24. Nahta R., O'Regan R.M. Therapeutic implications of estrogen receptor signaling in HER2-positive breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012, 135:39-48.
25. Osborne C.K., Neven P., Dirix L.Y., Mackey J.R., Robert J., Underhill C., et al. Gefitinib or placebo in combination with tamoxifen in patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: a randomized phase II study. Clin Cancer Res 2011, 17:1147-1159.
26. Cristofanilli M., Valero V., Mangalik A., Royce M., Rabinowitz I., Arena F.P., et al. Phase II, randomized trial to compare anastrozole combined with gefitinib or placebo in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2010, 16:1904-1914.
27. Polychronis A., Sinnett H.D., Hadjiminas D., Singhal H., Mansi J.L., Shivapatham D., et al. Preoperative gefitinib versus gefitinib and anastrozole in postmenopausal patients with oestrogen-receptor positive and epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-positive primary breast cancer: a double-blind placebo-controlled phase II randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 2005, 6:383-391.
28. Johnston S., Pippen J., Pivot X., Lichinitser M., Sadeghi S., Dieras V., et al. Lapatinib combined with letrozole versus letrozole and placebo as first-line therapy for postmenopausal hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009, 27:5538-5546.
29. Finn R.S., Press M.F., Dering J., O'Rourke L., Florance A., Ellis C., et al. Quantitative ER and PgR assessment as predictors of benefit from lapatinib in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014, 20:736-743.
30. Alqaisi A, Chen L, Romond E, Chambers M, Stevens M, Pasley G, et al. Impact of estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) co-expression on breast cancer disease characteristics: implications for tumor biology and research. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014 [Epub ahead of print].
31. Kaufman B., Mackey J.R., Clemens M.R., Bapsy P.P., Vaid A., Wardley A., et al. Trastuzumab plus anastrozole versus anastrozole alone for the treatment of postmenopausal women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive, hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: results from the randomized phase III TAnDEM study. J Clin Oncol 2009, 27:5529-5537.
32. Huober J., Fasching P.A., Barsoum M., Petruzelka L., Wallwiener D., Thomssen C., et al. Higher efficacy of letrozole in combination with trastuzumab compared to letrozole monotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with HER2-positive, hormone-receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer - results of the eLEcTRA trial. Breast 2012, 21:27-33.
33. Giordano S.H., Temin S., Kirshner J.J., Chandarlapaty S., Crews J.R., Davidson N.E., et al. Systemic therapy for patients with advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol 2014, 32:2078-2099.
34. Valachis A., Mauri D., Polyzos N.P., Chlouverakis G., Mavroudis D., Georgoulias V. Trastuzumab combined to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast 2011, 20:485-490.
35. Tolaney S.M., Krop I.E. Mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2009, 9:348-355.
36. Nahta R., Esteva F.J. HER2 therapy: molecular mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance. Breast Cancer Res 2006, 8:215.
37. Sørlie T., Perou C.M., Tibshirani R., Aas T., Geisler S., Johnsen H., et al. Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001, 98:10869-10874.
38. Thery J.C., Spano J.P., Azria D., Raymond E., Penault Llorca F. Resistance to human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-targeted therapies. Eur J Cancer 2014, 50:892-901.
39. Munzone E., Curigliano G., Rocca A., Bonizzi G., Renne G., Goldhirsch A., et al. Reverting estrogen-receptor-negative phenotype in HER-2-overexpressing advanced breast cancer patients exposed to trastuzumab plus chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res 2006, 8:R4.
40. Xia W., Bacus S., Hegde P., Husain I., Strum J., Liu L., et al. A model of acquired autoresistance to a potent ErbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor and a therapeutic strategy to prevent its onset in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006, 103:7795-7800.
41. Liu L., Greger J., Shi H., Liu Y., Greshock J., Annan R., et al. Novel mechanism of lapatinib resistance in HER2-positive breast tumor cells: activation of AXL. Cancer Res 2009, 69:6871-6878.
42. Lee C.H., Chang Y.C., Chen C.S., Tu S.H., Wang Y.J., Chen L.C., et al. Crosstalk between nicotine and estrogen-induced estrogen receptor activation induces α9-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011, 129:331-345.
43. Collins D.C., Cocchiglia S., Tibbitts P., Solon G., Bane F.T., McBryan J., et al. Growth factor receptor/steroid receptor cross talk in trastuzumab-treated breast cancer. Oncogene 2014, 10.1038/onc.2013.586.
44. Guarneri V., Broglio K., Kau S.W., Cristofanilli M., Buzdar A.U., Valero V., et al. Prognostic value of pathologic complete response after primary chemotherapy in relation to hormone receptor status and other factors. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24:1037-1044.
45. Gianni L., Pienkowski T., Im Y.H., Roman L., Tseng L.M., Liu M.C., et al. Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant pertuzumab and trastuzumab in women with locally advanced, inflammatory, or early HER2-positive breast cancer (NeoSphere): a randomised multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2012, 13:25-32.
46. Baselga J., Bradbury I., Eidtmann H., Di Cosimo S., de Azambuja E., Aura C., et al. Lapatinib with trastuzumab for HER2-positive early breast cancer (NeoALTTO): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2012, 379:633-640.
47. Untch M., Loibl S., Bischoff J., Eidtmann H., Kaufmann M., Blohmer J.U., et al. Lapatinib versus trastuzumab in combination with neoadjuvant anthracycline-taxane-based chemotherapy (GeparQuinto, GBG 44): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2012, 13:135-144.
48. Buzdar A.U., Suman V.J., Meric-Bernstam F., Leitch A.M., Ellis M.J., Boughey J.C., et al. Fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC-75) followed by paclitaxel plus trastuzumab versus paclitaxel plus trastuzumab followed by FEC-75 plus trastuzumab as neoadjuvant treatment for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer (Z1041): a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2013, 14:1317-1325.
49. Carey L, Berry DA, Ollila D, Harris L, Krop IE, Weckstein D, et al. Clinical and translational results of CALGB 40601: a neoadjuvant phase III trial of weekly paclitaxel and trastuzumab with or without lapatinib for HER2-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31 (Suppl.; abstr. 500).
50. Prat A., Bianchini G., Thomas M., Belousov A., Cheang M.C., Koehler A., et al. Research-based PAM50 subtype predictor identifies higher responses and improved survival outcomes in HER2-positive breast cancer in the NOAH study. Clin Cancer Res 2014, 20:511-521.
51. Rimawi M.F., Mayer I.A., Forero A., Nanda R., Goetz M.P., Rodriguez A.A., et al. Multicenter phase II study of neoadjuvant lapatinib and trastuzumab with hormonal therapy and without chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing breast cancer: TBCRC 006. J Clin Oncol 2013, 31:1726-1731.
52. von Minckwitz G., Untch M., Blohmer J.U., Costa S.D., Eidtmann H., Fasching P.A., et al. Definition and impact of pathologic complete response on prognosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in various intrinsic breast cancer subtypes. J Clin Oncol 2012, 30:1796-1804.
53. Ju N.R., Jeffe D.B., Keune J., Aft R. Patient and tumor characteristics associated with breast cancer recurrence after complete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013, 137:195-201.
54. Tanioka M., Sasaki M., Shimomura A., Fujishima M.M., Matsuura K., et al. Pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer according to hormonal receptor status. Breast 2014, 23:466-472.
55. Takada M., Higuchi T., Tozuka K., Takei H., Haruta M., Watanabe J., et al. Alterations of the genes involved in the PI3K and estrogen-receptor pathways influence outcome in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive and hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab-containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2013, 13:241.
56. Lee H.J., Park I.A., Park S.Y., Seo A.N., Lim B., Chai Y., et al. Two histopathologically different diseases: hormone receptor-positive and hormone receptor-negative tumors in HER2-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014, 145:615-623.
57. Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 2005, 365:1687-1717. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG).
58. Kennecke H., Yerushalmi R., Woods R., Cheang M.C., Voduc D., Speers C.H., et al. Metastatic behavior of breast cancer subtypes. J Clin Oncol 2010, 28:3271-3277.
59. Hayes D.F., Thor A.D., Dressler L.G., Weaver D., Edgerton S., Cowan D., et al. HER2 and response to paclitaxel in node-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2007, 357:1496-1506.
60. Parise C.A., Caggiano V. Breast cancer survival defined by the ER/PR/HER2 subtypes and a surrogate classification according to tumor grade and immunohistochemical biomarkers. J Cancer Epidemiol 2014, 2014:469251.
61. Hayashi N., Niikura N., Yamauchi H., Nakamura S., Ueno N.T. Adding hormonal therapy to chemotherapy and trastuzumab improves prognosis in patients with hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013, 137:523-531.
62. Montemurro F., Rossi V., Cossu Rocca M., Martinello R., Verri E., et al. Hormone-receptor expression and activity of trastuzumab with chemotherapy in HER2-positive advanced breast cancer patients. Cancer 2012, 118:17-26.
63. Vaz-Luis I., Seah D., Olson E.M., Wagle N., Metzger-Filho O., Sohl J., et al. Clinicopathological features among patients with advanced human epidermal growth factor-2-positive breast cancer with prolonged clinical benefit to first-line trastuzumab-based therapy: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Breast Cancer 2013, 13:254-263.
64. Tripathy D., Kaufman P.A., Brufsky A.M., Mayer M., Yood M.U., Yoo B., et al. First-line treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in patients with HER2-positive and hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer from registHER. Oncologist 2013, 18:501-510.
65. Dowsett M., Ebbs S.R., Dixon J.M., Skene A., Griffith C., Boeddinghaus I., et al. Biomarker changes during neoadjuvant anastrozole, tamoxifen, or the combination: influence of hormonal status and HER-2 in breast cancer - a study from the IMPACT trialists. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23:2477-2492.
66. Stendahl M., Rydén L., Nordenskjöld B., Jönsson P.E., Landberg G., Jirström K. High progesterone receptor expression correlates to the effect of adjuvant tamoxifen in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2006, 12:4614-4618.
67. Creighton C.J., Kent Osborne C., van de Vijver M.J., Foekens J.A., Klijn J.G., Horlings H.M., et al. Molecular profiles of progesterone receptor loss in human breast tumors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009, 114:287-299.
68. Cancello G., Maisonneuve P., Rotmensz N., Viale G., Mastropasqua M.G., Pruneri G., et al. Progesterone receptor loss identifies Luminal B breast cancer subgroups at higher risk of relapse. Ann Oncol 2013, 24:661-668.
69. Dunnwald L.K., Rossing M.A., Li C.I. Hormone receptor status, tumor characteristics, and prognosis: a prospective cohort of breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res 2007, 9:R6.
70. Mohsin S.K., Weiss H., Havighurst T., Clark G.M., Berardo M., Roanh le D., et al. Progesterone receptor by immunohistochemistry and clinical outcome in breast cancer: a validation study. Mod Pathol 2004, 17:1545-1554.
71. Grann V.R., Troxel A.B., Zojwalla N.J., Jacobson J.S., Hershman D., Neugut A.I. Hormone receptor status and survival in a population-based cohort of patients with breast carcinoma. Cancer 2005, 103:2241-2251.
72. Purdie C.A., Quinlan P., Jordan L.B., Ashfield A., Ogston S., Dewar J.A., et al. Progesterone receptor expression is an independent prognostic variable in early breast cancer: a population-based study. Br J Cancer 2014, 110:565-572.
73. Paik S., Shak S., Tang G., Kim C., Baker J., Cronin M., et al. A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2004, 351:2817-2826.
74. Colleoni M., Viale G., Zahrieh D., Bottiglieri L., Gelber R.D., Veronesi P., et al. Expression of ER, PgR, HER1, HER2, and response: a study of preoperative chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2008, 19:465-472.
75. Colleoni M., Bagnardi V., Rotmensz N., Gelber R.D., Viale G., Pruneri G., et al. Increasing steroid hormone receptors expression defines breast cancer subtypes non responsive to preoperative chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009, 116:359-369.
76. Vici P., Pizzuti L., Natoli C., Moscetti L., Mentuccia L., Vaccaro A., et al. Outcomes of HER2-positive early breast cancer patients in the pre-trastuzumab and trastuzumab eras: a real-world multicenter observational analysis. The RETROHER study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014, 147:599-607.
77. Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 2012, 490:61-70. Cancer Genome Atlas Network.
78. Constantinidou A., Smith I. Is there a case for anti-HER2 therapy without chemotherapy in early breast cancer?. Breast 2011, 20(Suppl. 3):S158-S161.
79. Baselga J., Gelmon K.A., Verma S., Wardley A., Conte P., Miles D., et al. Phase II trial of pertuzumab and trastuzumab in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer that progressed during prior trastuzumab therapy. J Clin Oncol 2010, 28:1138-1144.
80. Cortés J., Fumoleau P., Bianchi G.V., Petrella T.M., Gelmon K., Pivot X., et al. Pertuzumab monotherapy after trastuzumab-based treatment and subsequent reintroduction of trastuzumab: activity and tolerability in patients with advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012, 30:1594-1600.
81. Blackwell K.L., Burstein H.J., Storniolo A.M., Rugo H., Sledge G., Koehler M., et al. Randomized study of Lapatinib alone or in combination with trastuzumab in women with ErbB2-positive, trastuzumab-refractory metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010, 28:1124-1130.
82. Blackwell K.L., Burstein H.J., Storniolo A.M., Rugo H.S., Sledge G., Aktan G., et al. Overall survival benefit with lapatinib in combination with trastuzumab for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer: final results from the EGF104900 study. J Clin Oncol 2012, 30:2585-2592.
83. Baselga J., Campone M., Piccart M., Burris H.A., Rugo H.S., Sahmoud T., et al. Everolimus in postmenopausal hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2012, 366:520-529.
84. Swain S.M., Kim S.B., Cortés J., Ro J., Semiglazov V., Campone M., et al. Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (CLEOPATRA study): overall survival results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol 2013, 14:461-471.
85. Montemurro F., Prat A., Rossi V., Valabrega G., Sperinde J., Peraldo-Neia C., et al. Potential biomarkers of long-term benefit from single-agent trastuzumab or lapatinib in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2014, 8:20-26.