Changes in body mass and metabolic profiles in patients with first-episode schizophrenia treated for 12 months with a first-generation antipsychotic

European Psychiatry

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 277-283

  Chiliza, B ^a   Asmal, L ^a   Oosthuizen, P ^a   van Niekerk, E ^a   Erasmus, R ^b   Kidd, M ^c   Malhotra, A ^d   Emsley, R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STELLENBOSCH   (South Africa)

^b Faculty of Health Sciences   (South Africa)

^c STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^d ZUCKER HILLSIDE HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Developing countries; First episode schizophrenia; Flupenthixol; Metabolic syndrome; Weight gain

Indexed keywords

BIPERIDEN; CHOLESTEROL; FLUPENTIXOL; FLUPENTIXOL DECANOATE; GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LIPID; LORAZEPAM; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; ORPHENADRINE; PROPRANOLOL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT;

ADULT; ALGORITHM; ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLIC PARAMETERS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOPHARMACOTHERAPY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; TREATMENT DURATION; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; WEIGHT GAIN; ANALOGS AND DERIVATIVES; BLOOD; CHEMICALLY INDUCED; COHORT ANALYSIS; DRUG EFFECTS; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; METABOLISM; METABOLOME; SOUTH AFRICA;

ADULT; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; BIOMARKERS; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BODY MASS INDEX; CHOLESTEROL; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; FLUPENTHIXOL; HUMANS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; METABOLOME; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SOUTH AFRICA; TRIGLYCERIDES; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 84921407355     PISSN: 09249338     EISSN: 17783585     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.11.013     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Addington D., Addington J., Maticka-Tyndale E. Assessing depression in schizophrenia: the Calgary Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1993, 22(22):39-44.
2. Alberti K.G., Eckel R.H., Grundy S.M., Zimmet P.Z., Cleeman J.I., Donato K.A., et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation 2009, 120(16):1640-1645.
3. Allison D.B., Loebel A.D., Lombardo I., Romano S.J., Siu C.O. Understanding the relationship between baseline BMI and subsequent weight change in antipsychotic trials: effect modification or regression to the mean?. Psychiatry Res 2009, 170(2-3):172-176.
4. Alvarez-Jimenez M., Gonzalez-Blanch C., Crespo-Facorro B., Hetrick S., Rodriguez-Sanchez J.M., Perez-Iglesias R., et al. Antipsychotic-induced weight gain in chronic and first-episode psychotic disorders: a systematic critical reappraisal. CNS Drugs 2008, 22(7):547-562.
5. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV-TR 2000, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
6. Brown S., Birtwistle J., Roe L., Thompson C. The unhealthy lifestyle of people with schizophrenia. Psychol Med 1999, 29(3):697-701.
7. Coldham E.L., Addington J., Addington D. Medication adherence of individuals with a first episode of psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2002, 106(4):286-290.
8. Correll C.U., Lencz T., Malhotra A.K. Antipsychotic drugs and obesity. Trends Mol Med 2011, 17(2):97-107.
9. Correll C.U., Manu P., Olshanskiy V., Napolitano B., Kane J.M., Malhotra A.K. Cardiometabolic risk of second-generation antipsychotic medications during first-time use in children and adolescents. JAMA 2009, 302(16):1765-1773.
10. De Hert M., Dekker J.M., Wood D., Kahl K.G., Holt R.I., Moller H.J. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in people with severe mental illness position statement from the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), supported by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Psychiatry 2009, 24(6):412-424.
11. de Wit E., Delport W., Rugamika C.E., Meintjes A., Möller M., van Helden P.D., et al. Genome-wide analysis of the structure of the South African Coloured Population in the Western Cape. Hum Genet 2010, 128:145-153.
12. de Wit H. Flupenthixol. Encyclopedia of psychopharmacology: 2010, Springer. I.P. Stolerman (Ed.).
13. Dobiasova M., Frohlich J. The plasma parameter log (TG/HDL-C) as an atherogenic index: correlation with lipoprotein particle size and esterification rate in apoB-lipoprotein-depleted plasma (FER(HDL)). Clin Biochem 2001, 34(7):583-588.
14. Erasmus R.T., Soita D.J., Hassan M.S., Blanco-Blanco E., Vergotine Z., Kegne A.P., et al. High prevalence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in a South African coloured population: baseline data of a study in Bellville, Cape Town. S Afr Med J 2012, 102(11 Pt 1):841-844.
15. Falissard B., Mauri M., Shaw K., Wetterling T., Doble A., Giudicelli A., et al. The METEOR study: frequency of metabolic disorders in patients with schizophrenia. Focus on first and second generation and level of risk of antipsychotic drugs. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2011, 26(6):291-302.
16. First M.B. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders, SCID-I: clinician version 1997, American Psychiatric Press, Washington, D.C.
17. Fleischhacker W.W., Siu C.O., Boden R., Pappadopulos E., Karayal O.N., Kahn R.S., et al. Metabolic risk factors in first-episode schizophrenia: baseline prevalence and course analysed from the European First-Episode Schizophrenia Trial. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013, 16(5):987-995.
18. Foley D.L., Morley K.I. Systematic review of early cardiometabolic outcomes of the first treated episode of psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2011, 68(6):609-616.
19. Frohlich J., Dobiasova M. Fractional esterification rate of cholesterol and ratio of triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol are powerful predictors of positive findings on coronary angiography. Clin Chem 2003, 49(11):1873-1880.
20. Gebhardt S., Haberhausen M., Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M., Gebhardt N., Remschmidt H., Krieg J.C., et al. Antipsychotic-induced body weight gain: predictors and a systematic categorization of the long-term weight course. J Psychiatr Res 2009, 43(6):620-626.
21. Gohlke J.M., Dhurandhar E.J., Correll C.U., Morrato E.H., Newcomer J.W., Remington G., et al. Recent advances in understanding and mitigating adipogenic and metabolic effects of antipsychotic drugs. Front Psychiatry 2012, 28(3):62.
22. Gupta N., Shah P., Nayyar S., Misra A. Childhood obesity and the metabolic syndrome in developing countries. Indian J Pediatr 2013, 80(Suppl. 1):S28-S37.
23. International Conference on Harmonization ICH Harmoniesed Tripartite Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice 1996, Brookwood Medical Publications Ltd, Surrey.
24. Kay S.R., Fiszbein A., Opler L.A. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1987, 13(2):261-276.
25. Kahn R.S., Fleischhacker W.W., Boter H., Davidson M., Vergouwe Y., Keet I.P., et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in first-episode schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder: an open randomised clinical trial. Lancet 2008, 371(9618):1085-1097.
26. Leucht S., Corves C., Arbter D., Engel R.R., Li C., Davis J.M. Second-generation versus first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2009, 373(9657):31-41.
27. Malhotra A.K., Correll C.U., Chowdhury N.I., Muller D.J., Gregersen P.K., Lee A.T., et al. Association between common variants near the melanocortin 4 receptor gene and severe antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2012, 69(9):904-912.
28. Matsha T.E., Hassan M.S., Hon G.M., Soita D.J., Kengne A.P., Erasmus R.T. Derivation and validation of a waist circumference optimal cutoff for diagnosing metabolic syndrome in a South African mixed ancestry population. Int J Cardiol 2013, 168(3):2954-2955.
29. McEvoy J.P., Meyer J.M., Goff D.C., Nasrallah H.A., Davis S.M., Sullivan L., et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: baseline results from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia trial and comparison with national estimates from NHANES III. Schizophr Res 2005, 80(1):19-32.
30. Messer T., Glaser T., Landen H., Schmauss M. Long-term treatment with flupentixol results of a post-marketing surveillance study. J Psychopharmacol 2009, 23(7):805-813.
31. Mitchell A.J., Delaffon V., Vancampfort D., Correll C.U., De Hert M. Guideline concordant monitoring of metabolic risk in people treated with antipsychotic medication: systematic review and meta-analysis of screening practices. Psychol Med 2012, 42(1):125-147.
32. Mitchell A.J., Vancampfort D., De Herdt A., Yu W., De Hert M. Is the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolic abnormalities increased in early schizophrenia? A comparative meta-analysis of first episode, untreated and treated patients. Schizophr Bull 2013, 39(2):295-305.
33. Ochoa S., Usall J., Cobo J., Labad X., Kulkarni J. Gender differences in schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis: a comprehensive literature review. Schizophr Res Treat 2012, 2012:916198.
34. Osby U., Correia N., Brandt L., Ekbom A., Sparen P. Mortality and causes of death in schizophrenia in Stockholm county, Sweden. Schizophr Res 2000, 45(1-2):21-28.
35. Patel J.K., Buckley P.F., Woolson S., Hamer R.M., McEvoy J.P., Perkins D.O., et al. Metabolic profiles of second-generation antipsychotics in early psychosis: findings from the CAFE study. Schizophr Res 2009, 111(1-3):9-16.
36. Raedler T.J. Cardiovascular aspects of antipsychotics. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2010, 23(6):574-581.
37. Ratzoni G., Gothelf D., Brand-Gothelf A., Reidman J., Kikinzon L., Gal G., et al. Weight gain associated with olanzapine and risperidone in adolescent patients: a comparative prospective study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002, 41(3):337-343.
38. Schulz K.F., Altman D.G., Moher D. CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. PLoS Med 2010, 7(3):e1000251. CONSORT Group. 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000251.
39. Shisana O., Labadarios D., Rehle T., Simbayi L., Zuma K., Dhansay A., et al. South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1) 2014, HSRC Press, Cape Town.
40. Shen X., Xia J., Adams C.E. Flupenthixol versus placebo for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012, 11:CD009777.
41. Strassnig M., Brar J.S., Ganguli R. Nutritional assessment of patients with schizophrenia: a preliminary study. Schizophr Bull 2003, 29(2):393-397.
42. Strassnig M., Miewald J., Keshavan M., Ganguli R. Weight gain in newly diagnosed first-episode psychosis patients and healthy comparisons: one-year analysis. Schizophr Res 2007, 93(1-3):90-98.
43. Stauffer V.L., Sniadecki J.L., Piezer K.W., Gatz J., Kollack-Walker S., Hoffmann V.P., Conley R., Durell T. Impact of race on efficacy and safety during treatment with olanzapine in schizophrenia, schizophreniform or schizoaffective disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2010, 10:89. 10.1186/1471-244X-10-89.
44. Tarricone I., Ferrari Gozzi B., Serretti A., Grieco D., Berardi D. Weight gain in antipsychotic-naive patients: a review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2010, 40(2):187-200.
45. Tiihonen J., Haukka J., Taylor M., Haddad P.M., Patel M.X., Korhonen P. A nationwide cohort study of oral and depot antipsychotics after first hospitalization for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2011, 168(6):603-609.
46. Velligan D.I., Weiden P.J., Sajatovic M., Scott J., Carpenter D., Ross R., et al. Assessment of adherence problems in patients with serious and persistent mental illness: recommendations from the Expert Consensus Guidelines. J Psychiatr Pract 2010, 16(1):34-45.
47. von Elm E., Altman D.G., Egger M., Pocock S.J., Gøtzsche P.C., Vandenbroucke J.P. STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet 2007, 370(9596):1453-1457.
48. Zipursky R.B., Gu H., Green A.I., Perkins D.O., Tohen M.F., McEvoy J.P., et al. Course and predictors of weight gain in people with first-episode psychosis treated with olanzapine or haloperidol. Br J Psychiatry 2005, 187:537-543.