메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 373, Issue 2034, 2015, Pages

Assessing levels of consciousness with symbolic analysis

Author keywords

Consciousness; Electroencephalography; Intraoperative awareness; Symbolic analysis; Symbolic transfer entropy; Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome

Indexed keywords

BRAIN; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; ENTROPY; SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO;

EID: 84921369946     PISSN: 1364503X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0117     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 84872863326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of intraoperative awareness with explicit recall: Making sense of the evidence
    • Avidan MS, Mashour GA. 2013 Prevention of intraoperative awareness with explicit recall: making sense of the evidence. Anesthesiology 118, 449-456. (doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31827ddd2c)
    • (2013) Anesthesiology , vol.118 , pp. 449-456
    • Avidan, M.S.1    Mashour, G.A.2
  • 2
    • 79955482298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative awareness: From neurobiology to clinical practice
    • Mashour GA, Orser BA, Avidan MS. 2011 Intraoperative awareness: from neurobiology to clinical practice. Anesthesiology 114, 1218-1233. (doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31820fc9b6)
    • (2011) Anesthesiology , vol.114 , pp. 1218-1233
    • Mashour, G.A.1    Orser, B.A.2    Avidan, M.S.3
  • 4
    • 0034874391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Awareness under anesthesia and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder
    • Osterman JE, Hopper J, Heran WJ, Keane TM, van der Kolk BA. 2001 Awareness under anesthesia and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 23, 198-204. (doi:10.1016/S0163-8343(01)00142-6)
    • (2001) Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry , vol.23 , pp. 198-204
    • Osterman, J.E.1    Hopper, J.2    Heran, W.J.3    Keane, T.M.4    Van Der Kolk, B.A.5
  • 5
    • 77949301971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder in aware patients from the B-aware trial
    • Leslie K, Chan MTV, Myles PS, Forbes A, McCulloch TJ. 2010 Posttraumatic stress disorder in aware patients from the B-aware trial. Anesth. Analg. 110, 823-828. (doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181b8b6ca)
    • (2010) Anesth. Analg. , vol.110 , pp. 823-828
    • Leslie, K.1    Chan, M.T.V.2    Myles, P.S.3    Forbes, A.4    McCulloch, T.J.5
  • 8
    • 84880770156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consciousness and responsiveness: Lessons from anaesthesia and the vegetative state
    • Boly M, Sanders RD, Mashour GA, Laureys S. 2013 Consciousness and responsiveness: lessons from anaesthesia and the vegetative state. Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol. 26, 444-449. (doi:10.1097/ACO.0b013e3283628b5d)
    • (2013) Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol. , vol.26 , pp. 444-449
    • Boly, M.1    Sanders, R.D.2    Mashour, G.A.3    Laureys, S.4
  • 9
    • 79956053706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preserved feedforward but impaired top-down processes in the vegetative state
    • Boly M et al. 2011 Preserved feedforward but impaired top-down processes in the vegetative state. Science 332, 858-862. (doi:10.1126/science.1202043)
    • (2011) Science , vol.332 , pp. 858-862
    • Boly, M.1
  • 10
    • 82755165152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on 'Preserved feedforward but impaired top-down processes in the vegetative state'
    • King J-R, Bekinschtein T, Dehaene S. 2011 Comment on 'Preserved feedforward but impaired top-down processes in the vegetative state'. Science 334, 1203. (doi:10.1126/science.1210012)
    • (2011) Science , vol.334 , pp. 1203
    • King, J.-R.1    Bekinschtein, T.2    Dehaene, S.3
  • 12
    • 84860511274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bedside detection of awareness in the vegetative state
    • GoldfineAM, Victor JD, Conte MM, Bardin JC, SchiffND. 2012 Bedside detection of awareness in the vegetative state. Lancet 379, 1701-1702. (doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60714-4)
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.379 , pp. 1701-1702
    • Goldfine, A.M.1    Victor, J.D.2    Conte, M.M.3    Bardin, J.C.4    Schiff, N.D.5
  • 13
    • 84873462681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capturing covert consciousness
    • Mashour GA, Avidan MS. 2013 Capturing covert consciousness. Lancet 381, 271-272. (doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60094-X)
    • (2013) Lancet , vol.381 , pp. 271-272
    • Mashour, G.A.1    Avidan, M.S.2
  • 14
    • 84866707863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of intraoperative awareness with explicit recall in an unselected surgical population: A randomized comparative effectiveness trial
    • Mashour GA et al. 2012 Prevention of intraoperative awareness with explicit recall in an unselected surgical population: a randomized comparative effectiveness trial. Anesthesiology 117, 717-725. (doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31826904a6)
    • (2012) Anesthesiology , vol.117 , pp. 717-725
    • Mashour, G.A.1
  • 15
    • 84860389403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of intraoperative awareness in a high-risk surgical population
    • Avidan MS et al. 2011 Prevention of intraoperative awareness in a high-risk surgical population. New Engl. J. Med. 365, 591-600. (doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1100403)
    • (2011) New Engl. J. Med. , vol.365 , pp. 591-600
    • Avidan, M.S.1
  • 16
    • 79955095274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental and theoretical approaches to conscious processing
    • Dehaene S, Changeux J-P. 2011 Experimental and theoretical approaches to conscious processing. Neuron 70, 200-227. (doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.018)
    • (2011) Neuron , vol.70 , pp. 200-227
    • Dehaene, S.1    Changeux, J.-P.2
  • 17
    • 84872566721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science
    • Clark A. 2013 Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behav. Brain Sci. 36, 181-204. (doi:10.1017/S0140525X12000477)
    • (2013) Behav. Brain Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 181-204
    • Clark, A.1
  • 18
    • 79960901052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical support for higher-order theories of conscious awareness
    • Lau H, Rosenthal D. 2011 Empirical support for higher-order theories of conscious awareness. Trends Cogn. Sci. 15, 365-373. (doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.05.009)
    • (2011) Trends Cogn. Sci. , vol.15 , pp. 365-373
    • Lau, H.1    Rosenthal, D.2
  • 19
    • 84881077680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated information theory of consciousness: An updated account
    • Tononi G. 2012 Integrated information theory of consciousness: an updated account. Arch. Ital. Biol. 150, 293-329. See http://www.architalbiol.org/aib/article/viewFile/15056/23165867.
    • (2012) Arch. Ital. Biol. , vol.150 , pp. 293-329
    • Tononi, G.1
  • 20
    • 0033146466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding and the phenomenal unity of consciousness
    • Revonsuo A. 1999 Binding and the phenomenal unity of consciousness. Conscious. Cogn. 8, 173-185. (doi:10.1006/ccog.1999.0384)
    • (1999) Conscious. Cogn. , vol.8 , pp. 173-185
    • Revonsuo, A.1
  • 21
    • 0035033389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consciousness and the binding problem
    • Singer W. 2001 Consciousness and the binding problem. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 929, 123-146. (doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05712.x)
    • (2001) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.929 , pp. 123-146
    • Singer, W.1
  • 22
    • 12944335010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An information integration theory of consciousness
    • Tononi G. 2004 An information integration theory of consciousness. BMC Neurosci. 5, 42. (doi:10.1186/1471-2202-5-42)
    • (2004) BMC Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 42
    • Tononi, G.1
  • 23
    • 58149089173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consciousness as integrated information: A provisional manifesto
    • Tononi G. 2008 Consciousness as integrated information: a provisional manifesto. Biol. Bull. 215, 216-242. (doi:10.2307/25470707)
    • (2008) Biol. Bull. , vol.215 , pp. 216-242
    • Tononi, G.1
  • 24
    • 84876007722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal avalanches differ from wakefulness to deep sleep - Evidence from intracranial depth recordings in humans
    • Priesemann V, Valderrama M, Wibral M, Le Van Quyen M. 2013 Neuronal avalanches differ from wakefulness to deep sleep - evidence from intracranial depth recordings in humans. PLoS Comput. Biol. 9, e1002985. (doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002985)
    • (2013) PLoS Comput. Biol. , vol.9
    • Priesemann, V.1    Valderrama, M.2    Wibral, M.3    Le Van Quyen, M.4
  • 25
    • 33645517294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical processing of complex auditory stimuli during alterations of consciousness with the general anesthetic propofol
    • Plourde G, Belin P, Chartrand D, Fiset P, Backman S, Xie G, Zatorre RJ. 2006 Cortical processing of complex auditory stimuli during alterations of consciousness with the general anesthetic propofol. Anesthesiology 104, 448-457. (doi:10.1097/00000542-200603000-00011)
    • (2006) Anesthesiology , vol.104 , pp. 448-457
    • Plourde, G.1    Belin, P.2    Chartrand, D.3    Fiset, P.4    Backman, S.5    Xie, G.6    Zatorre, R.J.7
  • 26
    • 84874608991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of cortical sensory processing during absence seizures in human and an animal model: Evidence from EEG and intracellular recordings
    • ChipauxM, Vercueil L, Kaminska A,Mahon S, Charpier S. 2013 Persistence of cortical sensory processing during absence seizures in human and an animal model: evidence from EEG and intracellular recordings. PLoS ONE 8, e58180. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058180)
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8
    • Chipaux, M.1    Vercueil, L.2    Kaminska, A.3    Mahon, S.4    Charpier, S.5
  • 27
    • 84889642276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive unbinding: A neuroscientific paradigm of general anesthesia and related states of unconsciousness
    • Mashour GA. 2013 Cognitive unbinding: a neuroscientific paradigm of general anesthesia and related states of unconsciousness. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 37, 2751-2759. (doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.09.009)
    • (2013) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , vol.37 , pp. 2751-2759
    • Mashour, G.A.1
  • 28
    • 81355137473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional and effective connectivity: A review
    • Friston KJ. 2011 Functional and effective connectivity: a review. Brain Connect. 1, 13-36. (doi:10.1089/brain.2011.0008)
    • (2011) Brain Connect. , vol.1 , pp. 13-36
    • Friston, K.J.1
  • 29
    • 84878630314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of frontal-parietal communication by ketamine, propofol, and sevoflurane
    • Lee U, Ku S, Noh G, Baek S, Choi B, Mashour GA. 2013 Disruption of frontal-parietal communication by ketamine, propofol, and sevoflurane. Anesthesiology 118, 1264-1275. (doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31829103f5)
    • (2013) Anesthesiology , vol.118 , pp. 1264-1275
    • Lee, U.1    Ku, S.2    Noh, G.3    Baek, S.4    Choi, B.5    Mashour, G.A.6
  • 30
    • 80053589292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential inhibition of frontal-to-parietal feedback connectivity is a neurophysiologic correlate of general anesthesia in surgical patients
    • Ku S-W, Lee U, Noh G-J, Jun I-G, Mashour GA. 2011 Preferential inhibition of frontal-toparietal feedback connectivity is a neurophysiologic correlate of general anesthesia in surgical patients. PLoS ONE 6, e25155. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025155)
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Ku, S.-W.1    Lee, U.2    Noh, G.-J.3    Jun, I.-G.4    Mashour, G.A.5
  • 31
    • 0041924877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic causal modelling
    • Friston KJ, Harrison L, Penny W. 2003 Dynamic causal modelling. NeuroImage 19, 1273-1302. (doi:10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00202-7)
    • (2003) NeuroImage , vol.19 , pp. 1273-1302
    • Friston, K.J.1    Harrison, L.2    Penny, W.3
  • 32
    • 0000351727 scopus 로고
    • Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods
    • Granger CWJ. 1969 Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica 37, 424-438. (doi:10.2307/1912791)
    • (1969) Econometrica , vol.37 , pp. 424-438
    • Granger, C.W.J.1
  • 34
    • 34047092170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitigating the effects of measurement noise on Granger causality
    • Nalatore H, Ding M, Rangarajan G. 2007 Mitigating the effects of measurement noise on Granger causality. Phys. Rev. E 75, 031123. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.75.031123)
    • (2007) Phys. Rev. E , vol.75 , pp. 031123
    • Nalatore, H.1    Ding, M.2    Rangarajan, G.3
  • 35
    • 84870266555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granger causality analysis of fMRI BOLD signals is invariant to hemodynamic convolution but not downsampling
    • Seth AK, Chorley P, Barnett LC. 2013 Granger causality analysis of fMRI BOLD signals is invariant to hemodynamic convolution but not downsampling. NeuroImage 65, 540-555. (doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.049)
    • (2013) NeuroImage , vol.65 , pp. 540-555
    • Seth, A.K.1    Chorley, P.2    Barnett, L.C.3
  • 37
    • 12944275674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring information transfer
    • Schreiber T. 2000 Measuring information transfer. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 461-464. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.461)
    • (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.85 , pp. 461-464
    • Schreiber, T.1
  • 38
    • 81255172245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRENTOOL: A Matlab open source toolbox to analyse information flow in time series data with transfer entropy
    • Lindner M, Vicente R, Priesemann V, Wibral M. 2011 TRENTOOL: a Matlab open source toolbox to analyse information flow in time series data with transfer entropy. BMC Neurosci. 12, 119. (doi:10.1186/1471-2202-12-119)
    • (2011) BMC Neurosci. , vol.12 , pp. 119
    • Lindner, M.1    Vicente, R.2    Priesemann, V.3    Wibral, M.4
  • 39
    • 71549116419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granger causality and transfer entropy are equivalent for Gaussian variables
    • Barnett L, Barrett AB, Seth AK. 2009 Granger causality and transfer entropy are equivalent for Gaussian variables. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 238701. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.238701)
    • (2009) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.103 , pp. 238701
    • Barnett, L.1    Barrett, A.B.2    Seth, A.K.3
  • 41
    • 84903362498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of age on complexity and causality of the cardiovascular control: Comparison between model-based and model-free approaches
    • Porta A et al. 2014 Effect of age on complexity and causality of the cardiovascular control: comparison between model-based and model-free approaches. PLoS ONE 9, e89463. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089463)
    • (2014) PLoS ONE , vol.9
    • Porta, A.1
  • 42
    • 79952282160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer entropy - A model-free measure of effective connectivity for the neurosciences
    • Vicente R, Wibral M, Lindner M, Pipa G. 2011 Transfer entropy-a model-free measure of effective connectivity for the neurosciences. J. Comput. Neurosci. 30, 45-67. (doi:10.1007/s10827-010-0262-3)
    • (2011) J. Comput. Neurosci. , vol.30 , pp. 45-67
    • Vicente, R.1    Wibral, M.2    Lindner, M.3    Pipa, G.4
  • 43
    • 79961039100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information-based detection of nonlinear Granger causality in multivariate processes via a nonuniform embedding technique
    • Faes L, Nollo G, Porta A. 2011 Information-based detection of nonlinear Granger causality in multivariate processes via a nonuniform embedding technique. Phys. Rev. E 83, 051112. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.83.051112)
    • (2011) Phys. Rev. E , vol.83 , pp. 051112
    • Faes, L.1    Nollo, G.2    Porta, A.3
  • 44
    • 44249118833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information flows in causal networks
    • Ay N, Polani D. 2008 Information flows in causal networks. Adv. Complex Syst. 11, 17-41. (doi:10.1142/S0219525908001465)
    • (2008) Adv. Complex Syst. , vol.11 , pp. 17-41
    • Ay, N.1    Polani, D.2
  • 45
    • 77949484837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiating information transfer and causal effect
    • Lizier JT, Prokopenko M. 2010 Differentiating information transfer and causal effect. Eur. Phys. J. B 73, 605-615. (doi:10.1140/epjb/e2010-00034-5)
    • (2010) Eur. Phys. J. B , vol.73 , pp. 605-615
    • Lizier, J.T.1    Prokopenko, M.2
  • 46
    • 84858425279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When two become one: The limits of causality analysis of brain dynamics
    • Chicharro D, Ledberg A. 2012 When two become one: the limits of causality analysis of brain dynamics. PLoS ONE 7, e32466. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032466)
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7
    • Chicharro, D.1    Ledberg, A.2
  • 47
  • 48
    • 42249108414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symbolic transfer entropy
    • Staniek M, Lehnertz K. 2008 Symbolic transfer entropy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 158101. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.158101)
    • (2008) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.100 , pp. 158101
    • Staniek, M.1    Lehnertz, K.2
  • 49
    • 84888305362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous electroencephalographic and functional magnetic resonance imaging indicate impaired cortical top-down processing in association with anesthetic-induced unconsciousness
    • Jordan D et al. 2013 Simultaneous electroencephalographic and functional magnetic resonance imaging indicate impaired cortical top-down processing in association with anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. Anesthesiology 119, 1031-1042. (doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3182a7ca92)
    • (2013) Anesthesiology , vol.119 , pp. 1031-1042
    • Jordan, D.1
  • 50
    • 84878003458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transfer entropy on rank vectors
    • Kugiumtzis D. 2012 Transfer entropy on rank vectors. J. Nonlinear Syst. Appl. 3, 73-81. See http://jnsaonline.watsci.org/abstract-pdf/2012v3/v3n2-pdf/3.pdf.
    • (2012) J. Nonlinear Syst. Appl. , vol.3 , pp. 73-81
    • Kugiumtzis, D.1
  • 51
    • 77950348287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of mutual information estimators for time series
    • Papana A, Kugiumtzis D. 2009 Evaluation of mutual information estimators for time series. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 19, 4197-4215. (doi:10.1142/S0218127409025298)
    • (2009) Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos , vol.19 , pp. 4197-4215
    • Papana, A.1    Kugiumtzis, D.2
  • 52
    • 84879736443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial transfer entropy on rank vectors
    • Kugiumtzis D. 2013 Partial transfer entropy on rank vectors. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 222, 401-420. (doi:10.1140/epjst/e2013-01849-4)
    • (2013) Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. , vol.222 , pp. 401-420
    • Kugiumtzis, D.1
  • 53
    • 85036170213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binless strategies for estimation of information from neural data
    • Victor JD. 2002 Binless strategies for estimation of information from neural data. Phys. Rev. E 66, 051903. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.66.051903)
    • (2002) Phys. Rev. E , vol.66 , pp. 051903
    • Victor, J.D.1
  • 55
    • 13844257675 scopus 로고
    • Poincaré, celestial mechanics, dynamical-systems theory and 'chaos'
    • Holmes P. 1990 Poincaré, celestial mechanics, dynamical-systems theory and 'chaos'. Phys. Rep. 193, 137-163. (doi:10.1016/0370-1573(90)90012-Q)
    • (1990) Phys. Rep. , vol.193 , pp. 137-163
    • Holmes, P.1
  • 56
    • 84879726686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying heart rate dynamics using different approaches of symbolic dynamics
    • Cysarz D, Porta A, Montano N, Leeuwen PV, Kurths J, Wessel N. 2013 Quantifying heart rate dynamics using different approaches of symbolic dynamics. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 222, 487-500. (doi:10.1140/epjst/e2013-01854-7)
    • (2013) Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. , vol.222 , pp. 487-500
    • Cysarz, D.1    Porta, A.2    Montano, N.3    Leeuwen, P.V.4    Kurths, J.5    Wessel, N.6
  • 57
    • 0037330341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of symbolic analysis of experimental data
    • Daw CS, Finney CEA, Tracy ER. 2003 A review of symbolic analysis of experimental data. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 915-930. (doi:10.1063/1.1531823)
    • (2003) Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol.74 , pp. 915-930
    • Daw, C.S.1    Finney, C.E.A.2    Tracy, E.R.3
  • 58
    • 33947110329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating information transfer between auditory cortical neurons
    • Gourévitch BEJ. 2007 Evaluating information transfer between auditory cortical neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 97, 2533-2543. (doi:10.1152/jn.01106.2006)
    • (2007) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.97 , pp. 2533-2543
    • Gourévitch, B.E.J.1
  • 59
    • 84883894654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theoretically based index of consciousness independent of sensory processing and behavior
    • Casali AG et al. 2013 A theoretically based index of consciousness independent of sensory processing and behavior. Sci. Transl. Med. 5, 198ra105. (doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3006294)
    • (2013) Sci. Transl. Med. , vol.5 , pp. 198ra105
    • Casali, A.G.1
  • 60
    • 84873185183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compensated transfer entropy as a tool for reliably estimating information transfer in physiological time series
    • Faes L, Nollo G, Porta A. 2013 Compensated transfer entropy as a tool for reliably estimating information transfer in physiological time series. Entropy 15, 198-219. (doi:10.3390/e15010198)
    • (2013) Entropy , vol.15 , pp. 198-219
    • Faes, L.1    Nollo, G.2    Porta, A.3
  • 61
    • 84878651164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The study of consciousness comes of age
    • Sleigh JW. 2013 The study of consciousness comes of age. Anesthesiology 118, 1245-1246. (doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e318291031f)
    • (2013) Anesthesiology , vol.118 , pp. 1245-1246
    • Sleigh, J.W.1
  • 62
    • 84900345622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fronto-parietal connectivity is a non-static phenomenon with characteristic changes during unconsciousness
    • Untergehrer G, Jordan D, Kochs EF, Ilg R, Schneider G. 2014 Fronto-parietal connectivity is a non-static phenomenon with characteristic changes during unconsciousness. PLoS ONE 9, e87498. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087498)
    • (2014) PLoS ONE , vol.9
    • Untergehrer, G.1    Jordan, D.2    Kochs, E.F.3    Ilg, R.4    Schneider, G.5
  • 65
    • 84883440781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surge of neurophysiological coherence and connectivity in the dying brain
    • Borjigin J et al. 2013 Surge of neurophysiological coherence and connectivity in the dying brain. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 14 432-14 437. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1308285110)
    • (2013) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.110 , pp. 14432-14437
    • Borjigin, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.