Testicular microlithiasis and associated testicular malignancies in childhood: A systematic review

Pediatric Blood and Cancer

Volumn 62, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 385-388

  Suominen, Janne S ^a,b   Jawaid, Wajid B ^a,c   Losty, Paul D ^a,c  

^a Department of Paediatric Surgery Alder Hey Children NHS Foundation Trust   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Germ cell tumor; Testicular malignancy; Testicular microlithiasis

Indexed keywords

ANDROBLASTOMA; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER SCREENING; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CRYPTORCHISM; DECISION MAKING; FOLLOW UP; GERM CELL TUMOR; HEALTH PROGRAM; HUMAN; MEDIASTINAL TERATOMA; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RARE DISEASE; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TERATOMA; TESTICULAR MICROLITHIASIS; TESTICULAR SELF EXAMINATION; TESTIS CANCER; TESTIS DISEASE; YOLK SAC TUMOR; ADOLESCENT; CALCULI; CHILD; COMPLICATION; INFANT; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; TESTICULAR DISEASES; TESTICULAR NEOPLASMS;

ADOLESCENT; CALCULI; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; TESTICULAR DISEASES; TESTICULAR NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84921341633     PISSN: 15455009     EISSN: 15455017     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25343     Document Type: Review

References (38)

1. Priebe CJ, Jr, Garret R. Testicular calcification in a 4-year-old boy. Pediatrics 1970; 46:785-788.
2. Doherty FJ, Mullins TL, Sant GR, Drinkwater MA, Ucci AA Jr. Testicular microlithiasis: A unique sonographic appearance. J Ultrasound Med 1987; 6:389-392.
3. Goede J, Hack WW, van der Voort-Doedens LM, Sijstermans K, Pierik FH. Prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in asymptomatic males 0 to 19 years old. J Urol 2009; 182:1516-1520.
4. Peterson AC, Bauman JM, Light DE, McMann LP, Costabile RA. The prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in an asymptomatic population of men 18 to 35 years old. J Urol 2001; 166:2061-2064.
5. Wasniewska M, Matarazzo P, Weber G, Russo G, Zampolli M, Salzano G, Zirilli G, Bertelloni S; Italian Study Group for Alterations of Gs alpha Protein Function. Clinical presentation of McCune-Albright syndrome in males. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2006; 19:619-622.
6. Bercovitch RS, Januario JA, Terry SF, Boekelheide K, Podis AD, Dupuy DE, Bercovitch LG. Testicular microlithiasis in association with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Radiology 2005; 237:550-554.
7. Ulbright TM, Amin MB, Young RH. Intratubular large cell hyalinizing sertoli cell neoplasia of the testis: a report of 8 cases of a distinctive lesion of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Am J Surg Pathol 2007; 31:827-835.
8. Vachon L, Fareau GE, Wilson MG, Chan LS. Testicular microlithiasis in patients with Down syndrome. J Pediatr 2006; 149:233-236.
9. Howard RG, Roebuck DJ, Metreweli C. The association of mediastinal germ cell tumor and testicular microlithiasis. Pediatr Radiol 1998; 28:998.
10. Meyer MA, Gilbertson-Dahdal DL. Retroperitoneal extragonadal endodermal sinus tumor with bilateral diffuse classic testicular microlithiasis. J Ultrasound Med 2010; 29:1843-1847.
11. McEniff N, Doherty F, Katz J, Schrager CA, Klauber G. Yolk sac tumor of the testis discovered on a routine annual sonogram in a boy with testicular microlithiasis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995; 164:971-972.
12. Horowitz MB, Abiri MM. US case of the day. Benign cystic teratoma and testicular microlithiasis. Radiographics 1997; 17:793-796.
13. Leenen AS, Riebel TW. Testicular microlithiasis in children: Sonographic features and clinical implications. Pediatr Radiol 2002; 32:575-579.
14. Drut R. Yolk sac tumor testicular microlithiasis. Pediatr Pathol Mol Med 2003; 22:343-347.
15. Pourbagher MA, Kilinc F, Guvel S, Pourbagher A, Egilmez T, Ozkardes H. Follow-up of testicular microlithiasis for subsequent testicular cancer development. Urol Int 2005; 74:108-112.
16. Arrigo T, Messina MF, Valenzise M, Rosano M, Alaggio R, Cecchetto G, Zirilli G, De Luca F. Testicular microlithiasis heralding mixed germ cell tumor of the testis in a boy. J Endocrinol Invest 2006; 29:82-85.
17. Slaughenhoupt B, Kadlec A, Schrepferman C. Testicular microlithiasis preceding metastatic mixed germ cell tumor-first pediatric report and recommended management of testicular microlithiasis in the pediatric population. Urology 2009; 73:1029-1031.
18. Price NR, Charlton A, Simango I, Smith GH. Testicular microlithiasis: The importance of self-examination. J Paediatr Child Health 2014; 50:E102-E105. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2011.02021.x.
19. Taghavi K, Hutson JM. Testicular microlithiasis and epidermoid cysts: A common pathway. Pediatr Surg Int 2012; 28:1041-1043.
20. Cambareri GM, Reiley EA, Hensle TW. Germ cell tumor in an adolescent with extensive testicular microlithiasis: Concerns regarding future management. Urology 2013; 82:454-457.
21. Volokhina YV, Oyoyo UE, Miller JH. Ultrasound demonstration of testicular microlithiasis in pediatric patients: Is there an association with testicular germ cell tumors. Pediatr Radiol 2014; 44:50-55.
22. Sanli O, Kadioglu A, Atar M, Acar O, Nane I, Kadioglu A. Grading of classical testicular microlithiasis has no effect on the prevalence of associated testicular tumors. Urol Int 2008; 80:310-316.
23. Tan MH, Eng C. Testicular microlithiasis: Recent advances in understanding and management. Nat Rev Urol 2011; 8:153-163.
24. Herrinton LJ, Zhoa W, Husson G. Management of cryptorchidism and risk of testicular cancer. Am J Epidemiol 2003; 157:602.
25. Kang JL, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Giwercman A, Skaggebaek GW. The association of the testicular carcinoma in situ with intratubular microcalcifications. J Urol Path 1994; 2:235-242.
26. de Gouveia Brazao CA, Pierik FH, Oosterhuis JW, Dohle GR, Looijenga LH, Weber RF. Bilateral testicular microlithiasis predicts the presence of the precursor of testicular germ cell tumors in subfertile men. J Urol 2004; 171:158-160.
27. Goede J, Hack WW, Sijstermans K, Pierik FH. Testicular microlithiasis in a 2-year-old boy with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. J Ultrasound Med 2008; 27:1503-1505.
28. Estaun JE, Alfageme AG. Testicular microlithiasis associated with congenital urethroperineal fistula. Pediatr Radiol 2001; 31:676.
29. Bober E, Dundar B, Demir K, Abaci A, Cakmakçi H, Buyukgebiz A. A non-endocrine cause of testicular enlargement mimicking precocious puberty: Testicular microlithiasis. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2007; 20:1237-1240.
30. Demirel S, Erk O, Akkaya V, Tunaci A, Tanakol R, Terzioğlu T, Demiryont M, Kadioğlu A, Senkal O. Multiple vascular leiomyomas involving bilateral adrenal glands, spleen, and epicardium, associated with bilateral testicular microlithiasis and empty sella turcica. J Pediatr Surg 1997; 32:1365-1367.
31. Coley BD. Resolving testicular microlithiasis in a 12-year-old boy. J Ultrasound Med 2005; 24:1445-1448.
32. Thomas D, Vlachopapadopoulou E, Papadakis V, Sklavou R, Stefanaki K, Polychronopoulou S, Michalacos S. Testicular microlithiasis in siblings: Clinical implications. Pediatr Radiol 2008; 38:688-690.
33. Patel RP, Kolon TF, Huff DS, Carr MC, Zderic SA, Canning DA, Snyder HM 3rd. Testicular microlithiasis and antisperm antibodies following testicular biopsy in boys with cryptorchidism. J Urol 2005; 174:2008-2010.
34. Dell'Acqua A, Tomà P, Oddone M, Ciccone MA, Marsili E, Derchi LE. Testicular microlithiasis: US findings in six pediatric cases and literature review. Eur Radiol 1999; 9:940-944.
35. Kocaoğlu M, Bozlar U, Bulakbaşi N, Sağlam M, Uçöz T, Somuncu I. Testicular microlithiasis in pediatric age group: Ultrasonography findings and literature review. Diagn Interv Radiol 2005; 11:60-65.
36. Furness PD, III, Husmann DA, Brock JW, 3rd, Steinhardt GF, Bukowski TP, Freedman AL, Silver RI, Cheng EY. Multi-institutional study of testicular microlithiasis in childhood: A benign or premalignant condition. J Urol 1998; 160:1151-1154.
37. Dagash H, Mackinnon EA. Testicular microlithiasis: What does it mean clinically. BJU Int 2007; 99:157-160.
38. Chiang LW, Yap TL, Asiri MM, Phaik Ong CC, Low Y, Jacobsen AS. Implications of incidental finding of testicular microlithiasis in pediatric patients. J Pediatr Urol 2012; 8:162-165.