The Economist as Therapist: Methodological Ramifications of "Light" Paternalism

The Foundations of Positive and Normative Economics: A Hand Book

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages

  Loewenstein, George ^a   Haisley, Emily ^b  

^a CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Economic behavior; Externalities; Health risks; Internalities; Paternalism; Rationality; Self destructive

Indexed keywords

EID: 84920753657     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328318.003.0009     Document Type: Chapter

References (73)

1. Angrist, Joshua, Daniel Lang, and Philip Oreopoulos. 2006. Incentives and Services for College Achievement: Evidence from a Randomized Trial. Online. Available: www.stanford.edu/group/SITE/Web%20Session%207/Oreopoulos_Abstract.pdf#search=%22.
2. Ashraf, Nava, Dean Karlan, and Wesley Yin. 2005. Tying Odysseus to the Mast: Evidence from a Commitment Savings Product in the Philippines. Quarterly Journal of Economics 121: 635-672.
3. Ashraf, Nava. 2006. Deposit Collectors. Advances in Economic Analysis and Policy 6(2): 1-22.
4. Badger, Gary J., Warren K. Bickel, Louis A. Giordano, Eric A. Jacobs, and George Loewenstein, 2007. Altered States: The Impact of Immediate Craving on the Valuation of Current and Future Options. Journal of Health Economics 26: 865-876.
5. Camerer, Colin, Samuel Issacharoff, George Loewenstein, Ted O'Donoghue, and Matthew Rabin. 2003. Regulation for Conservatives: Behavioral Economics and the Case for "Asymmetric Paternalism." University of Pennsylvania Law Review 151(3): 1211-1254.
6. Campbell, Donald. 1969. Reforms as Experiments. American Psychologist 24: 409-429.
7. Choi, James J., David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian. 2004. Plan Design and 401(k) Savings Outcomes. National Tax Journal 57: 275-298.
8. Choi, James J. 2005. $100 Bills on the Sidewalk: Suboptimal Savings in 401(k) Plans. National Bureau of Economic Research NBER Working Paper 11554.
9. Choi, James J., David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian, and Andrew Metrick. 2005. Optimal Defaults and Active Decisions. National Bureau of Economic Research NBER Working Paper: 11074.
10. Clotfelter Charles T., and Philip J. Cook. 1989. Selling Hope: State Lotteries in America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
11. DellaVigna, Stefano. Forthcoming. Psychology and Economics: Evidence from the Field. Journal of Economic Literature.
12. Diener E., and M. Seligman 2004. Beyond Money: Toward an Economy of Well-Being. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 5: 1-31.
13. Di Tella, Raphael, Robert J. MacCulloch, and Andrew J. Oswald. 2003. The Macroeconomics of Happiness. Review of Economics and Statistics 85: 809-827.
14. Duflo Esther, and Emmanuel Saez. 2002. Participation and Investment Decisions in a Retirement Plan: The Influence of Colleagues' Choices. Journal of Public Economics 85: 121-48.
15. Duflo Esther. 2003. The Role of Information and Social Interactions in Retirement Plan Decisions: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics 118: 815-842.
16. Flegal, Katherine M., Barry I. Graubard, David F. Williamson, and Mitchell H. Gail. 2007. Cause-specific Excess Deaths Associated with Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity. JAMA: Joural of the American Medical Association 298: 2028-2037.
17. Frederick, Shane, and George Loewenstein. 1999. Hedonic Adaptation. In Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, ed. Daniel Kahneman, Ed Diener, and Norbert Schwarz, 302-329. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
18. Frederick, Shane. 2006. Preference Authority in the Evaluation of Sequences. Center for Behavioral Decision Research Working Paper, Carnegie Mellon University.
19. Friedman, Milton. 1953. The Methodology of Positive Economics. In Essays in Positive Economics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
20. Fuchs, Victor R., Alan B. Krueger, and James M. Poterba. 1998. Economists' Views about Parameters, Values, and Policies: Survey Results in Labor and Public Economics. Journal of Economic Literature 36: 1387-1425.
21. Glaeser, Edward L. 2006. Paternalism and Psychology. University of Chicago Law Review 73: 133-156.
22. Halpern, Scott D., Peter A. Ubel, and David A. Asch. 2007. Harnessing the Power of Default Options to Improve Health Care. New England Journal of Medicine 357: 1340-1344.
23. Heil, Sarah H., Jennifer W. Tidey, Heather W. Holmes, and Stephen T. Higgins. 2003. A Contingent Payment Model of Smoking Cessation: Effects of Abstinence and Withdrawal. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 5: 205-213.
24. Herrnstein Richard, George Loewenstein, Drazen Prelec, and William Vaughan. 1993. Utility Maximization and Melioration: Internalitites in Individual Choice. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 6: 149-185.
25. Higgins, Stephen T., Conrad J. Wong, Gary J. Badger, Doris E. Ogden, and Robert L. Dantona. 2000. Contingent Reinforcement Increases Cocaine Abstinence During Outpatient Treatment and One Year of Follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 68: 64-72.
26. Hull, Clark L. 1932. The Goal-Gradient Hypothesis and Maze Learning. Psychological Review 39: 24-43.
27. Issacharoff, Samuel, and Erin F. Delaney. 2006. Credit Card Accountability. University of Chicago Law Review 73: 157-182.
28. Jackevicius Cynthia A., Muhammad Mamdani, and Jack V. Tu. 2002. Adherence with Statin Therapy in Elderly Patients with and without Acute Coronary Syndromes. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association 288: 462-467.
29. Jeffrey Robert W., Wendy M. Gerber, Barbara S. Rosenthal, and Ruth A. Lindquist. 1983. Monetary Contracts in Weight Control: Effectiveness of Group and Individual Contracts of Varying Size. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 51: 242-248.
30. Jeffrey Robert W., Paul D. Thompson, and Rena R. Wing. 1978. Effects on Weight Reduction of Strong Monetary Contracts for Calorie Restriction or Weight Loss. Behaviour Research and Therapy 16: 363-369.
31. Kahneman, Daniel, and Alan B. Krueger. 2006. Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Well-Being. Journal of Economic Perspectives 20: 3-24.
32. Kahneman, Daniel, and Dale Miller. 1986. Norm Theory: Comparing Reality to Its Alternatives. Psychological Review 93: 136-153.
33. Kane Robert L., Paul E. Johnson, Robert J. Town, and Mary Butler. 2004. A Structured Review of the Effect of Economic Incentives on Consumers' Preventive Behavior. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 27: 327-352.
34. Katz Lawrence F., Jeffrey R. Kling, and Jeffrey B. Liebman. 2001. Moving to Opportunity in Boston: Early Results of a Randomized Mobility Experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics 116: 607-654.
35. Keynes John N. 1891. The Scope and Method of Political Economy. London: Macmillan and Co.
36. Kivetz, Ran, Oleg Urminsky, and Yuhuang Zheng. 2006. The Goal-Gradient Hypothesis Resurrected: Purchase Acceleration, Illusionary Goal Progress, and Customer Retention. Journal of Marketing Research 43: 39-58.
37. Klick, Joanathan, and Gregory Mitchell. 2006. Government Regulation of Irrationality: Moral and Cognitive Hazards. Minnesota Law Review 90: 1620-1663.
38. Kling Jeffery R., Jeffery B. Liebman, and Lawrence F. Katz. 2007. Experimental Analysis of Neighborhood Effects. Econometrica 75: 83-119.
39. Krugman, Paul. 2007. Who Was Milton Friedman? New York Review of Books 54: 27-30.
40. Layard R. 2005. Happiness. Lessons from a New Science. London: Allen Lane.
41. LeBoeuf Robyn A., and Eldar B. Shafir. 2005. Decision Making. In The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning, ed. Keith J. Holyoak, and Robert G. Morrison, 243-265. New York: Cambridge University Press.
42. Levitt Steven D., and John A. List. 2008. What Do Laboratory Experiments Measuring Social Preferences Reveal about the Real World? Journal of Economic Perspectives.
43. Loewenstein, George. 1996. Out of Control: Visceral Influences on Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 65: 272-292.
44. Loewenstein, George, Troyen Brennan, and Kevin G. Volpp. 2007. Asymmetric Paternalism to Improve Health Behaviors. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association 298: 2415-2417.
45. Loewenstein, George, and Ted O'Donoghue. 2006. We Can Do This the Easy Way or the Hard Way: Negative Emotions, Self-Regulation, and the Law. University of Chicago Law Review 73: 183-206.
46. Loewenstein George, and Peter A. Ubel. Forthcoming. Hedonic Adaptation and the Role of Decision and Experience Utility in Public Policy. Journal of Public Economics, Special Issue on Happiness and Public Economics.
47. Madrian Brigitte C., and Dennis F. Shea. 2001. The Power of Suggestion: Inertia in 401(k) Participation and Savings Behavior. Quarterly Journal of Economics 116: 1149-1525.
48. Mann Ronald A. 1972. The Behavior-Therapeutic Use of Contingency Contracting to Control an Adult Behavior Problem: Weight Control. Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis 5: 99-102.
49. McClure Samuel M., David I. Laibson, George Loewenstein, and Jonathan D. Cohen. 2004. Separate Neural Systems Value Immediate and Delayed Monetary Rewards. Science 306: 503-507.
50. Mitroff Ian I. 1974. The Subjective Side of Science: A Philosophical Inquiry into the Psychology of the Apollo Moon Scientists. New York: Elsevier.
51. Murphy, Kevin. 2006. Keynote Address. 2006 Healthchallenge Think Tank, McGill University.
52. Nordgren Loran F., Joop van der Pligt, and Frenk van Harreveld. In press. The Instability of Health Cognitions: Visceral States Influence Self-Efficacy and Related Health Beliefs. Health Psychology.
53. Nussbaum, Martha. 2000. Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
54. Plott Charles R., and Kathryn Zeiler. 2005. The Willingness to Pay-Willingness to Accept Gap, the "Endowment Effect," Subject Misconceptions, and Experimental Procedures for Eliciting Valuations. American Economic Review 95: 530-45.
55. Prelec Drazen, and George Loewenstein. 1991. Decision Making over Time and under Uncertainty: A Common Approach. Management Science 37: 770-786.
56. Riis Jason, George Loewenstein, Jonathan Baron, Christopher Jepson, Angela Fagerlin, and Peter A. Ubel. 2005. Ignorance of Hedonic Adaptation to Hemodialysis: A Study Using Ecological Momentary Assessment. Journal Experimental Psychology: General 134: 3-9.
57. Sanfey, Alan, George Loewenstein, Sam M. McClure, and Jonathan D. Cohen. 2006. Neuroeconomics: Cross-Currents in Research on Decision Making. Trends in Cognitive Science 10: 108-116.
58. Schroeder Steven A. 2007. Shattuck Lecture. We Can Do Better-Improving the Health of the American People. The New England Journal of Medicine 357(12): 1221-1228.
59. Schwartz, Janet, Marianne Bertrand, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Eldar Shafir. 2006. Boosting Program Take-up: An Experiment with Flexible Spending Accounts. Paper presented at the Behavioral Decision Research in Management Conference, Santa Monica, June 15-17.
60. Sen, Amartya. 1999. Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
61. Sen, Amartya. 1985. Commodities and Capabilities. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
62. Skiba, Paige, and Jeremy Tobacman. 2006. Measuring the Effect of Access to Credit: Evidence from Payday Loans. Paper presented at the Society for Judgment and Decision Making Conference, Houston, November 17-20.
63. Smith Dylan M., Ryan L. Sherriff, Laura J. Damschroder, George Loewenstein, and Peter A. Ubel. 2007. Misremembering Colostomies? Former Patients Give Lower Utility Ratings Than Do Current Patients. Health Psychology 25: 688-695.
64. Strotz Robert H. 1955. Myopia and Inconsistency in Dynamic Utility Maximization. Review of Economic Studies 23: 165-180.
65. Sugden, Robert. 2005. Capability, Happiness and Opportunity. Paper presented at Capabilities and Happiness: An International Conference, Department of Economics, University of Milano-Bicocca, June 16-18.
66. Thaler Richard H., and Shlomo Benartzi. 2004. Save More Tomorrow: Using Behavioral Economics to Increase Employee Savings. Journal of Political Economy 112: 164-187.
67. Thaler Richard H., and Cass R. Sunstein. 2003. Libertarian Paternalism. American Economic Review 93: 175-179.
68. Ubel Peter, and George Loewenstein. 1996. Distributing Scarce Livers: The Moral Reasoning of the General Public. Social Science and Medicine 42: 1049-1055.
69. Ubel, Peter, George Loewenstein, Dennis Scanlon, and Mark Kamlet. 1996. Individual Utilities Are Inconsistent with Rationing Choices: A Partial Explanation of Why Oregon's Cost-Effectiveness List Failed. Medical Decision Making 16: 108-116.
70. Ubel Peter A., George Loewenstein, Norbert Schwarz, and Dylan Smith. 2005. Misimagining the Unimaginable: The Disability Paradox and Healthcare Decision Making. Health Psychology 24: 57-62.
71. Van Praag, Bernard M. S., and Barbara E. Baarsma. 2005. Using Happiness Surveys to Value Intangibles: The Case of Airport Noise. Economic Journal 115: 224-246.
72. Volpp Kevin G., Andrea Gurmankin., David A. Asch, Jesse A. Berlin, John J. Murphy, Angela Gomez, Harold Sox, Zhu Jungsan, and Caryn Lerman. 2006. A Randomized Control Trial of Financial Incentives for Smoking Cessation. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 15: 12-18.
73. Weber Bethany J., and Gretchen B. Chapman. 2005. Playing for Peanuts: Why Is Risk Seeking More Common for Low-Stakes Gambles? Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 97: 31-46.