How the Written Constitution Crowds out the Extraconstitutional Rule of Recognition

The Rule of Recognition and the U.S. Constitution

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages

  Dorf, Michael C ^a  

^a MIT Sloan School of Management   (United States)

Author keywords

Crowding out; eCRoR; Extraconstitutional rule of recognition; Karl Llewellyn; Nonjudicial government

Indexed keywords

EID: 84920752634     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195343298.003.0003     Document Type: Chapter

References (22)

1. H.L.A. HART, THE CONCEPT OF LAW 256 (Penelope A. Bulloch & Joseph Raz eds., 2d ed. 1994).
2. See Matthew D. Adler, Popular Constitutionalism and the Rule of Recognition: Whose Practices Ground U.S. Law? 100 NW. U. L. REV. 719, 731-32 (2006) ("[Hart] is most straightforwardly read (and has generally been read by Hart interpreters) to say that this rule [of recognition] supervenes on official practice, nonjudicial as well as judicial.");
3. see also Leslie Green, The Concept of Law Revisited, 94 MICH. L. REV. 1687, 1700-02 (1996) (defining Hart's recognitional community as "elites");
4. Kenneth Einar Himma, Making Sense of Constitutional Disagreement: Legal Positivism, The Bill of Rights, and the Conventional Rule of Recognition in the United States, 4 J.L. & SOC'Y 149, 152-56 (2003) ("It is important to realize that judicial officials are not the only participants whose behavior and attitudes figure into determining the existence and content of the rule of recognition.");
5. Michael Steven Green, Does Dworkin Commit Dworkin's Fallacy?: A Reply to Justices in Robes, 28 OXFORD J. LEGAL STUD. 33, 34 (2008) ("In H.L.A. Hart's theory ... [s]omething is the law of a jurisdiction if it satisfies the criteria that the jurisdiction's officials (judges, legislators, sheriffs and the like) have accepted for enforcing norms.");
6. Jeremy Waldron, All We Like Sheep, 12 CAN. J.L. & JURISPRUDENCE 180 (1999) (defining a recognitional community to include "legislators, judges, senior bureaucrats, etc.").
7. See Alison Mitchell, Clinton Acquitted Decisively: No Majority for Either Charge, N.Y. TIMES, Feb. 13, 1999, at A1 (displaying a chart of party-line impeachment vote, with no Democrats voting guilty).
8. See Albert H. Hastorf & Hadley Cantril, They Saw a Game: A Case Study, 49 J. ABNORMAL & SOC. PSYCHOL. 129 (1954) (describing a nowclassic study in which partisans of Princeton and Dartmouth viewed the officiating of a football game differently depending on school allegiance).
9. See GEOFFREY STONE ET AL., CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 415-16 (5th ed. 2005) (quoting Ford's statement that "[a]n impeachable offense is whatever a majority of the House of Representatives considers it to be at a given moment in history").
10. See, e.g., James E. Fleming, Judicial Review Without Judicial Supremacy:Taking the Constitution Seriously Outside the Courts, 73 FORDHAM L. REV. 1377 (2005) (reviewing some of the scholarship on the "Constitution outside the courts");
11. LARRY KRAMER, THE PEOPLE THEMSELVES: POPULAR CONSTITUTIONALISM AND JUDICIAL REVIEW (2004) (arguing that "the people" have a responsibility to interpret and enforce the Constitution);
12. MARK TUSHNET, TAKING THE CONSTITUTION AWAY FROM THE COURTS 54-71 (1999).
13. See Henry M. Hart, Jr., The Power of Congress to Limit the Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts: An Exercise in Dialectic, 66 HARV. L. REV. 1362, 1364 (1953) (offering the patent example).
14. See Akhil Reed Amar, A Neo-Federalist View of Article III: Separating the Two Tiers of Federal Jurisdiction, 65 B.U. L. REV. 205, 238-59 (1985) (arguing that the constitutional text and the original understanding show that some Article III court must have the "last word on a federal question or admiralty issue").
15. See, e.g., Laurence H. Tribe, Jurisdictional Gerrymandering: Zoning Disfavored Rights Out of the Federal Courts, 16 HARV. C. R.-C.L. L. REV. 129 (1981).
16. See SAMUEL ISACHAROFF ET AL., THE LAW OF DEMOCRACY 244 (2d ed. 2001).
17. See Jeffrey Gettleman, For Florida Legislature, It's Full Speed Ahead to Name Electors, L.A. TIMES, Nov. 29, 2001, at A25.
18. David Firestone, Contesting the Vote: The Overview; With Court Set to Hear Appeal, Legislators Move on Electors, N.Y. TIMES, Dec. 7, 2000, at A1.
19. Jay Weaver, Dueling Electors? Race May Bring Unprecedented Legal Showdown: 2 Sets of Electors Could Emerge, MIAMI HERALD, Nov. 30, 2000, at 25A.
20. Dana Canedy & David Barstow, Contesting The Vote: The Legislature; Florida Lawmakers to Convene Special Session Tomorrow, N.Y. TIMES, Dec. 7, 2000, at A35.
21. AKHIL REED AMAR, AMERICA'S CONSTITUTION: A BIOGRAPHY 433-35 (2005) (providing examples of earlier Presidents who seriously contemplated running for a third term).
22. K.N. Llewellyn, The Constitution as an Institution, 34 COLUM. L. REV. 1, 15 (1934).