Regional Branching Reconsidered: Emergence of the Fuel Cell Industry in European Regions

Economic Geography

Volumn 90, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 403-427

  Tanner, Anne Nygaard ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Diversification; Emerging industry; Fuel cells; Regional branching; Technological relatedness

Indexed keywords

EID: 84920678163     PISSN: 00130095     EISSN: 19448287     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/ecge.12055     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Abernathy, W. J., and Utterback, J. M. 1978. Patterns of industrial innovation. Technology Review 80:40-47.
2. Amesse, F., Avadikyan, A., and Legault, L. 2003. Fuel cells in Canada: From entrepreneurship to innovation clustering. In The economic dynamics of fuel cell technologies, ed. A. Avadikyan, P. Cohendet, and J. Héraud, 159-186. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
3. Arrow, K. J. 1975. Vertical integration and communication. Bell Journal of Economics 6:173-183.
4. Asheim, B. T., Smith, H. L., and Oughton, C. 2011. Regional innovation systems: Theory, empirics and policy. Regional Studies 45:875-891.
5. Audretsch, D. B. 2001. The role of small firms in US biotechnology clusters. Small Business Economics 17:3-15.
6. Audretsch, D. B., and Feldman, M. P. 1996. Innovative clusters and the industry life cycle. Review of Industrial Organization 11:253-273.
7. Basu, S. 2007. Preface. In Recent Trends in Fuel Cell Science and Technology, ed. S. Basu, vii-viii. New York: Springer.
8. Bathelt, H., Malmberg, A., and Maskell, P. 2004. Clusters and knowledge: Local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation. Progress in Human Geography 28:31-56.
9. Boschma, R., Minondo, A., and Navarro, M. 2013. The emergence of new industries at the regional level in Spain: A proximity approach based on product relatedness. Economic Geography 89:29-51.
10. Boschma, R. A., and Frenken, K. 2006. Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science? Towards an evolutionary economic geography. Journal of Economic Geography, 6:273-302.
11. Boschma, R. A., and Frenken, K. 2011a. Technological relatedness and regional branching. In Dynamic geographies of knowledge creation and innovation, ed. H. Bathelt, M. P. Feldman, and D. F. Kogler, 64-81. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis.
12. Boschma, R. A., and Frenken, K. 2011b. Technological relatedness, related variety and economic geography. In The handbook on regional innovation and growth, ed. P. Cooke, B. Asheim, R. Boschma, R. Martin, D. Schwartz, and F. Todtling, 187-197. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
13. Boschma, R. A., and Lambooy, J. G. 1999. Evolutionary economics and economic geography. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 9:411-429.
14. Boschma, R. A., and Martin, R. 2007. Constructing an evolutionary economic geography. Journal of Economic Geography 7:537-548.
15. Boschma, R. A., and Wenting, R. 2007. The spatial evolution of the British automobile industry: Does location matter? Industrial and Corporate Change 16:213-238.
16. Bourgeois, B., and Mima, S. 2003. Rationales for co-operation between firms and States within an emerging radical innovation. In The economic dynamics of fuel cell technologies, ed. A. Avadikyan, P. Cohendet, and J. Héraud, 79-113. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
17. Braunerhjelm, P., and Feldman, M. P. 2006. Cluster genesis: technology-based industrial development. New York: Oxford University Press.
18. Braunerhjelm, P., Baltzopoulos, A., and Tikoudis, I. 2012. Spin-off: Individual, firm, industry and regional determinants. Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology.
19. Breschi, S., Lissoni, F., and Malerba, F. 2003. Knowledge-relatedness in firm technological diversification. Research Policy 32:69-87.
20. Brett, D., Dornheim, M., Van Dijkum, P., Lorenz, H., Rufmann, B., Stryk, A., and Winkler, W. 2006. FCTESTNET Fuel Cell Survey Part 4 Europe. http://s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/ie.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ContentPages/2469180337.pdf.
21. Brown, J., Hendry, C., and Harborne, P. 2007. Developing radical technology for sustainable energy markets-The role of new small firms. International Small Business Journal 25:603-629.
22. Cooke, P. 2010. Regional innovation systems: Development opportunities from the "green turn." Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 22:831-844.
23. Dahl, M. S., Østergaard, C. R., and Dalum, B. 2010. Emergence of regional clusters: The role of spinoffs in the early growth proces. In The handbook of evolutionary economic geography, ed. R. Boschma and R. Martin, 205-220. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
24. Dahoe, A., and Molkov, V. 2007. On the development of an International Curriculum on Hydrogen Safety Engineering and its implementation into educational programmes. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32:1113-1120.
25. Dibiaggio, L., and Nasiriyar, M. 2009. Rate and dimensions of the technological knowledge base underlying fuel cell innovations. Evidence from patent data. In Innovation, markets and sustainable energy: the challenge of hydrogen and fuel cells, ed. S. Poguts, A. Russo, and P. Migliavacca, 87-101. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
26. Dosi, G. 1988. The nature of the innovative process. Technical change and economic theory. London: Pinter.
27. European Communities. 2007. Regions in the European Union, Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics NUTS 2006/EU-27. Luxembourg: EUR-OP.
28. Feldman, M. P. 2001. The entrepreneurial event revisited: Firm formation in a regional context. Industrial and Corporate Change 10:861-891.
29. Feldman, M. P. 2003. The locational dynamics of the US biotech industry: Knowledge externalities and the anchor hypothesis. Industry and Innovation, 10:311-329.
30. Feldman, M. P., Feller, I., Bercovitz, J., and Burton, R. M. 2002. University Technology Transfer and the System of Innovation. In Institutions and Systems in the Geography of Innovation, ed. M. P. Feldman and N. Massard, 55-78 Massachusetts, USA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
31. Feldman, M. P., and Lendel, I. 2010. Under the lens: The geography of optical science as an emerging industry. Economic Geography 86:147-171.
32. Fianti, N. 2009. Going against the grain: The de-maturity of the European textile industry. Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London.
33. Fianti, N., Kaounides, L., and Stingelin-Stutzmann, N. 2006. Managing disruptive technology in the textile industry. Materials Technology: Advanced Performance Materials 21:7-14.
34. Forbes, D. P., and Kirsch, D. A. 2010. The study of emerging industries: Recognizing and responding to some central problems, Journal of Business Venturing 26 589-602.
35. Freeman, C. 1996. The greening of technology and models of innovation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 53: 27-39.
36. Frenken, K., Van Oort, F., and Verburg, T. 2007. Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth. Regional Studies 41: 685-697.
37. Fritsch, M., and Slavtchev, V. 2006. Measuring the efficiency of regional innovation systems: An empirical assessment: Freiburg, Germany: Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg-Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
38. Grabher, G. 2009. Yet another turn? The evolutionary project in economic geography. Economic Geography 85:119-127.
39. Hellman, H. L., and van den Hoed, R. 2007. Characterising fuel cell technology: Challenges of the commercialisation process. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32: 305-315.
40. Hodson, M. 2008. Old industrial regions, technology, and innovation: Tensions of obduracy and transformation. Environment and Planning A 40:1057-1075.
41. Hodson, M., Marvin, S., and Hewitson, A. 2008. Constructing a typology of H2 in cities and regions. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 33:1619-1629.
42. Holbrook, J. A., Arthurs, D., and Cassidy, E. 2010. Understanding the Vancouver hydrogen and fuel cells cluster: A case study of public laboratories and private research. European Planning Studies 18:317-328.
43. Industrie- und Handelskammer Region Stuttgart. 2011. Elektromobilität: Zulieferer für den Strukturwandel gerüstet? Status quo und Handlungsempfehlungen für den Automobilstandort Metropolregion Stuttgart [Electromobility: Are the suppliers ready for the structural change? Status quo and recommendations for the automotive industry in the metropolitan region]. Industrie- und Handelskammer Region Stuttgart April:1-105.
44. Jacobs, J. 1969. The economy of cities. New York: Random House.
45. Klepper, S. 2001. Employee startups in high-tech industries. Industrial and Corporate Change 10:639-674.
46. Klepper, S. 2010. The origin and growth of industry clusters: The making of Silicon Valley and Detroit. Journal of Urban Economics 67:15-32.
47. Klepper, S., and Sleeper, S. 2005. Entry by spinoffs. Management Science 51:1291-1306.
48. Langlois, R. N. 1992. Transaction-cost economics in real time. Industrial and Corporate Change 1:99-127.
49. Macek, J., Bleischwitz, R., Doran, P., and Gnörich, B. 2009. Development of Education and Training Agenda. Roads2HyCom, Deliverable 8.5. http://www.roads2hy.com/wp8.html
50. Madsen, A. N., and Andersen, P. D. 2010. Innovative regions and industrial clusters in hydrogen and fuel cell technology. Energy Policy 38:5372-5381.
51. Magerman, T., Van Looy, B., and Song, X. 2006. Data production methods for harmonized patent statistics: Patentee name harmonization. Working paper MSI 0605, Flanders, Belgium: KU Leuven. https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/228567
52. Mans, P., Alkemade, F., van der Valk, T., and Hekkert, M. P. 2008. Is cluster policy useful for the energy sector? Assessing self-declared hydrogen clusters in the Netherlands. Energy Policy 36:1375-1385.
53. Martin, R., and Sunley, P. 2011. Conceptualising cluster evolution: Beyond the life-cycle model? Regional Studies, 45:1299-1318.
54. Menzel, M. P., and Fornahl, D. 2010. Cluster life cycles-Dimensions and rationales of cluster evolution. Industrial and Corporate Change 19:205-238.
55. Menzel, M. P., Henn, S., and Fornahl, D. 2010. Emerging clusters: A conceptual overview. In Emerging clusters: Theoretical, empirical and political perspectives on the initial stage of cluster evolution, ed. D. Fornahl, S. Henn, and M. P. Menzel, 1-13. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
56. Meri, T. 2008. Who are the people employed in high-tech and in which regions do they work? Eurostat, Statistics in Focus 51:1-8.
57. Moore, G. E. 1996. Some personal perspectives on research in the semiconductor industry. In Engines of innovation. US industrial research at the end of an era, ed. R. S. Rosenbloom and W. J. Spencer, 165-172. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
58. Musiolik, J., and Markard, J. 2011. Creating and shaping innovation systems: Formal networks in the innovation system for stationary fuel cells in Germany. Energy Policy 39:1909-1922.
59. Neffke, F., and Svensson Henning, M. 2008. Revealed relatedness: Mapping industry space. Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography No. 08.19. Utrecht, the Netherlands: University of Utrecht. http://econ.geo.uu.nl/peeg/peeg0819b.pdf
60. Neffke, F., Henning, M., and Boschma, R. 2011a. How do regions diversify over time? Industry relatedness and the development of new growth paths in regions. Economic Geography 87:237-265.
61. Neffke, F., Henning, M., Boschma, R., Lundquist, K. J., and Olander, L. O. 2011b. The dynamics of agglomeration externalities along the life cycle of industries. Regional Studies 45:49-65.
62. Nelson, R. R., and Winter, S. G. 1982. An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
63. Nooteboom, B. 1999. Innovation, learning and industrial organisation. Cambridge Journal of Economics 23:127-150.
64. Nygaard, S. 2008. Co-evolution of technology, markets and institutions: The case of fuel cells and hydrogen technology in Europe. Lund, Sweden: Lund Institute of Technology.
65. OECD REGPAT, December 2010. Current version can be accessed through: http://www.oecd.org/sti/inno/oecdpatentdatabases.htm
66. Penrose, E. T. 1959. The theory of the growth of the firm. New York: J. Wiley & Sons.
67. Perez, C. 1983. Structural change and assimilation of new technologies in the economic and social systems. Futures 15:357-375.
68. Pilkington, A. 2003. Technology commercialisation: Patent portfolio alignment and the fuel cell. Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology PICMET 03.
69. Pilkington, A., Lee, L. L., Chan, C. K., and Ramakrishna, S. 2009. Defining key inventors: A comparison of fuel cell and nanotechnology industries. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 76:118-127.
70. Rifkin, J. 2004. The hydrogen economy. New York: Tarcher/Penguin.
71. Ruef, A., and Markard, J. 2010. What happens after a hype? How changing expectations affected innovation activities in the case of stationary fuel cells. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 22:317-338.
72. Stam, E. 2010. Entrepreneurship, evolution and geography. In The handbook of evolutionary economic geography, ed. R. Boschma and R. Martin, 139-161. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
73. Steinemann, P. 1999. R&D strategies for new automotive technologies: Insight from fuel cells. International Motor Vehicle Program IMVP. MIT, Available online: http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/1395
74. Storper, M., and Walker, R. 1989. The capitalist imperative: Territory, technology, and industrial growth. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.
75. Tanner, A. N. 2011. The place of new industries: The case of fuel cell technology and its technological relatedness to regional knowledge bases, Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography No. 11.13. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Utrecht University: http://econ.geo.uu.nl/peeg/peeg1113.pdf.
76. Tanner, A. N. 2012. The geography of emerging industry: Regional knowledge dynamics in the emerging fuel cell industry. Kongens Lyngby, Denmark: Technical University of Denmark.
77. Teece, D. J. 1986. Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy, Research Policy 15:285-305.
78. Ter Wal, A. L. J., and Boschma, R. A. 2009. Applying social network analysis in economic geography: Framing some key analytic issues. Annals of Regional Science 43:739-756.
79. Upstill, G., and Symington, D. 2002. Technology transfer and the creation of companies: The CSIRO experience. R&D Management 32:233-239.
80. Van den Hoed, R. 2007. Sources of radical technological innovation: The emergence of fuel cell technology in the automotive industry, Journal of Cleaner Production 15:1014-1021.
81. Vargas, R. A., and Holbrook, J. A. 2010. Globalization of innovation networks: A model of the process. Technology Management for Global Economic Growth PICMET. 2010 Proceedings of PICMET '10: IEEE, Phuket, July 18-22. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=5602040
82. WIPO 2014, World Intellectual Property Organization, International Patent Classification (IPC) Official Publication: http://web2.wipo.int/ipcpub/#&version=20140101&symbol=H01M0008000000
83. Zucker, L. G., Darby, M. R., and Brewer, M. B. 1998. Intellectual human capital and the birth of US biotechnology enterprises. American Economic Review 88:290-306.
84. Zucker, L. G., Darby, M. R., Furner, J., Liu, R. C., and Ma, H. 2007. Minerva unbound: Knowledge stocks, knowledge flows and new knowledge production. Research Policy 36:850-863.