The association between neighbourhood greenspace and type 2 diabetes in a large cross-sectional study

BMJ Open

Volumn 4, Issue 12, 2014, Pages

  Bodicoat, Danielle H ^a   O'Donovan, Gary ^a   Dalton, Alice M ^b,c   Gray, Laura J ^d   Yates, Thomas ^a   Edwardson, Charlotte ^a   Hill, Sian ^a   Webb, David R ^a   Khunti, Kamlesh ^a   Davies, Melanie J ^a   Jones, Andrew P ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; GLUCOSE;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIET RESTRICTION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ETHNIC GROUP; FEMALE; GOLD STANDARD; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEIGHBORHOOD; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; SOCIAL ISOLATION; UNITED KINGDOM; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; DEMOGRAPHY; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; ENVIRONMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTOR;

AGED; BODY MASS INDEX; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; ENVIRONMENT; ENVIRONMENT DESIGN; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84920524445     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20446055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006076     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 6th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2013.
2. Kaprio J, Tuomilehto J, Koskenvuo M, et al. Concordance for type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in a population-based cohort of twins in Finland. Diabetologia 1992;35:1060-7.
3. Poulsen P, Kyvik KO, Vaag A, et al. Heritability of type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and abnormal glucose tolerance - a population-based twin study. Diabetologia 1999;42:139-45.
4. Gillies CL, Abrams KR, Lambert PC, et al. Pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: systematic review and metaanalysis. BMJ 2007;334:299.
5. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Preventing type 2 diabetes: population and community-level interventions. NICE public health guidance 35. http://www.guidance.nice.org.uk/ph35
6. Stokols D. Establishing and maintaining healthy environments. Toward a social ecology of health promotion. Am Psychol 1992;47:6-22.
7. Sallis JF, Cervero RB, Ascher W, et al. An ecological approach to creating active living communities. Annu Rev Public Health 2006;27:297-322.
8. Giles-Corti B, King AC. Creating active environments across the life course: "thinking outside the square". Br J Sports Med 2009;43:109-13.
9. Gill JM, Cooper AR. Physical activity and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sports Med 2008;38:807-24.
10. Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, et al. Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet 2009;373:1083-96.
11. Lachowycz K, Jones AP. Towards a better understanding of the relationship between greenspace and health: Development of a theoretical framework. Landscape Urban Plann 2013;118:62-9.
12. Astell-Burt T, Feng X, Kolt GS. Is neighborhood green space associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes? Evidence from 267,072 Australians. Diabetes Care 2014;37:197-201.
13. Maas J, Verheij RA, de Vries S, et al. Morbidity is related to a green living environment. J Epidemiol Community Health 2009;63:967-73.
14. Coombes E, Jones AP, Hillsdon M. The relationship of physical activity and overweight to objectively measured green space accessibility and use. Soc Sci Med 2010;70:816-22.
15. Sluijs I, van der AD, Beulens JW, et al. Ascertainment and verification of diabetes in the EPIC-NL study. Neth J Med 2010;68:333-9.
16. Okura Y, Urban LH, Mahoney DW, et al. Agreement between selfreport questionnaires and medical record data was substantial for diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke but not for heart failure. J Clin Epidemiol 2004;57:1096-103.
17. Shephard RJ. Limits to the measurement of habitual physical activity by questionnaires. Br J Sports Med 2003;37:197-206; discussion 06.
18. Webb DR, Khunti K, Srinivasan B, et al. Rationale and design of the ADDITION-Leicester study, a systematic screening programme and randomised controlled trial of multi-factorial cardiovascular risk intervention in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus detected by screening. Trials 2010;11:16.
19. Gray LJ, Khunti K, Williams S, et al. Let's prevent diabetes: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of an educational intervention in a multi-ethnic UK population with screen detected impaired glucose regulation. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012;11:56.
20. Yates T, Davies MJ, Henson J, et al. Walking away from type 2 diabetes: trial protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating a structured education programme in those at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. BMC Fam Pract 2012;13:46.
21. Gray LJ, Khunti K, Edwardson C, et al. Implementation of the automated Leicester Practice Risk Score in two diabetes prevention trials provides a high yield of people with abnormal glucose tolerance. Diabetologia 2012;55:3238-44.
22. World Health Organisation. Use of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Geneva, 2011.
23. ESRI. ArcGIS 9.3. http://webhelp.esri.com/arcgisdesktop/9.3/index.cfm?TopicName=welcome (accessed Nov 2013).
24. OS Code Point 2004-2013. http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/business-and-government/products/code-point.html (accessed Nov 2013).
25. Dalton AM, Jones AP, Panter JR, et al. Neighbourhood, route and workplace-related environmental characteristics predict adults' mode of travel to work. PLoS ONE 2013;8:e67575.
26. Boruff BJ, Nathan A, Nijenstein S. Using GPS technology to (re)-examine operational definitions of 'neighbourhood' in placebased health research. Int J Health Geogr 2012;11:22.
27. Hurvitz PM, Moudon AV. Home versus nonhome neighborhood: quantifying differences in exposure to the built environment. Am J Prev Med 2012;42:411-17.
28. Land Cover Map 2007 (LCM2007). http://www.ceh.ac.uk/landcovermap2007.html (accessed Nov 2013).
29. Bibby P, Shepherd J. Developing a new classification of urban and rural areas for policy purposes-the methodology. London: ONS, 2004.
30. English Indices of Deprivation 2010. http://data.gov.uk/dataset/index-of-multiple-deprivation (accessed Nov 2013).
31. Guidelines for Data Processing and Analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Short and Long Forms. http://www.ipaq.ki.se/scoring.pdf (accessed Jan 2014).
32. Schulze MB, Weikert C, Pischon T, et al. Use of Multiple Metabolic and Genetic Markers to Improve the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes: the EPIC-Potsdam Study. Diabetes Care 2009;32:2116-19.
33. Onat A, Hergenc G, Sari I, et al. Elevated LDL-cholesterol level predicts diabetes in centrally obese women but not men: relative roles of insulin resistance and central obesity. Circ J 2007;71:1463-7.
34. Wilson PW, Meigs JB, Sullivan L, et al. Prediction of incident diabetes mellitus in middle-aged adults: the Framingham Offspring Study. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:1068-74.
35. D'Agostino RB, Hamman RF, Karter AJ, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factors predict the development of type 2 diabetes: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2234-40.
36. Groenewegen PP, van den Berg AE, Maas J, et al. Is a Green Residential Environment Better for Health? If So, Why? Ann Assoc Am Geogr 2012;102:996-1003.
37. Lackey KJ, Kaczynski AT. Correspondence of perceived vs. objective proximity to parks and their relationship to park-based physical activity. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2009;6:53.
38. Leslie E, Sugiyama T, Ierodiaconou D, et al. Perceived and objectively measured greenness of neighbourhoods: are they measuring the same thing? Landscape Urban Plann 2010;95:28-33.
39. Huynh Q, Craig W, Janssen I, et al. Exposure to public natural space as a protective factor for emotional well-being among young people in Canada. BMC Public Health 2013;13:407.
40. Do "Walkable" Neighborhoods Reduce Obesity, Diabetes? http://www.diabetes.org/newsroom/press-releases/2014/do-walkable-neighborhoods-reduce-obesity-and-diabetes.html (accessed Jun 2014).
41. Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Wasserman DH, et al. Physical activity/exercise and type 2 diabetes: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2006;29:1433-8.
42. Mytton OT, Townsend N, Rutter H, et al. Green space and physical activity: an observational study using Health Survey for England data. Health Place 2012;18:1034-41.
43. Merchant AT, Dehghan M, Akhtar-Danesh N. Seasonal variation in leisure-time physical activity among Canadians. Can J Public Health 2007;98:203-8.
44. McCormack GR, Friedenreich C, Shiell A, et al. Sex- and agespecific seasonal variations in physical activity among adults. J Epidemiol Community Health 2010;64:1010-16.
45. Lachowycz K, Jones AP. Does walking explain associations between access to greenspace and lower mortality? Soc Sci Med 2014;107:9-17.