Effectiveness of Insecticide Spraying and Culling of Dogs on the Incidence of Leishmania infantum Infection in Humans: A Cluster Randomized Trial in Teresina, Brazil

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

Volumn 8, Issue 10, 2014, Pages

  Werneck, Guilherme L ^a,b   Costa, Carlos H N ^c   de Carvalho, Fernando Aécio Amorim ^c   Pires e Cruz, Maria do Socorro ^c   Maguire, James H ^d   Castro, Marcia C ^b  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

^b HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PIAUÍ   (Brazil)

^d BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANIMAL CULLING; ARTICLE; BRAZIL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOG; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFECTION RISK; LEISHMANIASIS; LEISHMANIN SKIN TEST; MALE; PESTICIDE SPRAYING; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SEROPREVALENCE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VECTOR CONTROL; ANIMAL; DISEASE CARRIER; DOG DISEASES; LEISHMANIA INFANTUM; LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL; MIDDLE AGED; TRANSMISSION; VETERINARY;

INSECTICIDE;

ADULT; ANIMALS; BRAZIL; DISEASE VECTORS; DOG DISEASES; DOGS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INSECTICIDES; LEISHMANIA INFANTUM; LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL; MALE; MIDDLE AGED;

EID: 84920506940     PISSN: 19352727     EISSN: 19352735     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003172     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Alvar J, Velez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, et al. (2012) Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One 7: e35671.
2. Harhay MO, Olliaro PL, Costa DL, Costa CH, (2011) Urban parasitology: visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Trends Parasitol 27: 403–409.
3. Lainson R, Rangel EF, (2005) Lutzomyia longipalpis and the eco-epidemiology of American visceral leishmaniasis, with particular reference to Brazil: a review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 100: 811–827.
4. Quinnell RJ, Courtenay O, (2009) Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitology 136: 1915–1934.
5. Badaro R, Jones TC, Lorenco R, Cerf BJ, Sampaio D, et al. (1986) A prospective study of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Brazil. J Infect Dis 154: 639–649.
6. Evans TG, Teixeira MJ, McAuliffe IT, Vasconcelos I, Vasconcelos AW, et al. (1992) Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil. J Infect Dis 166: 1124–1132.
7. Werneck GL, Batista MS, Gomes JR, Costa DL, Costa CH, (2003) Prognostic factors for death from visceral leishmaniasis in Teresina, Brazil. Infection 31: 174–177.
8. Machado de Assis TS, Rabello A, Werneck GL, (2012) Predictive models for the diagnostic of human visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1542.
9. Peacock CS, Collins A, Shaw MA, Silveira F, Costa J, et al. (2001) Genetic epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in northeastern Brazil. Genet Epidemiol 20: 383–396.
10. Alonso DP, Ferreira AF, Ribolla PE, de Miranda Santos IK, do Socorro Pires e Cruz M, et al. (2007) Genotypes of the mannan-binding lectin gene and susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis and clinical complications. J Infect Dis 195: 1212–1217.
11. Werneck GL, (2010) Geographic spread of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Cad Saude Publica 26: 644–645.
12. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde SdVeSDdVE (2006) Manual de vigilância e controle da leishmaniose visceral. Brasília.: Ministério da Saúde. pp. 120.
13. Barreto ML, Teixeira MG, Bastos FI, Ximenes RA, Barata RB, et al. (2011) Successes and failures in the control of infectious diseases in Brazil: social and environmental context, policies, interventions, and research needs. Lancet 377: 1877–1889.
14. Costa CH, (2011) How effective is dog culling in controlling zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis? A critical evaluation of the science, politics and ethics behind this public health policy. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 44: 232–242.
15. Romero GA, Boelaert M, (2010) Control of visceral leishmaniasis in latin america-a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e584.
16. Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, Montori V, Gotzsche PC, et al. (2010) CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. J Clin Epidemiol 63: e1–37.
17. Costa CH, Pereira HF, Araujo MV, (1990) Epidemia de leishmaniose visceral no estado do Piaui, Brasil, 1980–1986. Rev Saude Publica 24: 361–372.
18. Melo MN, Mayrink W, da Costa CA, Magalhaes PA, Dias M, et al. (1977) Padronizacao do antigeno de Montenegro. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 19: 161–164.
19. Werneck GL, Rodrigues L, Santos MV, Araujo IB, Moura LS, et al. (2002) The burden of Leishmania chagasi infection during an urban outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Acta Trop 83: 13–18.
20. Costa CH, Tapety CM, Werneck GL, (2007) Controle da leishmaniose visceral em meio urbano: estudo de intervencao randomizado fatorial. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 40: 415–419.
21. Hayes RJ, Moulton LH (2009) Cluster randomised trials. Boca Raton: CRC Press. xxii, 315 p.
22. Caldas AJ, Costa JM, Silva AA, Vinhas V, Barral A, (2002) Risk factors associated with asymptomatic infection by Leishmania chagasi in north-east Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 21–28.
23. Jeronimo SM, Duggal P, Braz RF, Cheng C, Monteiro GR, et al. (2004) An emerging peri-urban pattern of infection with Leishmania chagasi, the protozoan causing visceral leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil. Scand J Infect Dis 36: 443–449.
24. Gouvea MV, Werneck GL, Costa CH, de Amorim Carvalho FA, (2007) Factors associated to Montenegro skin test positivity in Teresina, Brazil. Acta Trop 104: 99–107.
25. Delgado O, Feliciangeli MD, Gomez B, Alvarado J, Garcia L, et al. (1998) The re-emergence of American visceral leishmaniasis in an old focus in Venezuela: present situation of human and canine infections. Parasite 5: 317–323.
26. Hollis S, Campbell F, (1999) What is meant by intention to treat analysis? Survey of published randomised controlled trials. BMJ 319: 670–674.
27. Dye C, (1996) The logic of visceral leishmaniasis control. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55: 125–130.
28. Dantas-Torres F, Brandao-Filho SP, (2006) Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: revisiting paradigms of epidemiology and control. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 48: 151–156.
29. Desjeux P, (2004) Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 27: 305–318.
30. Alexander B, Maroli M, (2003) Control of phlebotomine sandflies. Med Vet Entomol 17: 1–18.
31. Nunes CM, Lima VM, Paula HB, Perri SH, Andrade AM, et al. (2008) Dog culling and replacement in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Vet Parasitol 153: 19–23.
32. Courtenay O, Quinnell RJ, Garcez LM, Shaw JJ, Dye C, (2002) Infectiousness in a cohort of brazilian dogs: why culling fails to control visceral leishmaniasis in areas of high transmission. J Infect Dis 186: 1314–1320.
33. Courtenay O, Carson C, Calvo-Bado L, Garcez LM, Quinnell RJ, (2014) Heterogeneities in Leishmania infantum infection: using skin parasite burdens to identify highly infectious dogs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2583.
34. Woolhouse ME, Dye C, Etard JF, Smith T, Charlwood JD, et al. (1997) Heterogeneities in the transmission of infectious agents: implications for the design of control programs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94: 338–342.
35. Koopman JS, Simon CP, Riolo CP, (2005) When to control endemic infections by focusing on high-risk groups. Epidemiology 16: 621–627.
36. Passantino A, Russo M, Coluccio P, (2010) Canine leishmaniosis and euthanasia in Italy: a critical legal-ethical analysis. Rev Sci Tech 29: 537–548.
37. da Silva ES, van der Meide WF, Schoone GJ, Gontijo CM, Schallig HD, et al. (2006) Diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis in the endemic area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil by parasite, antibody and DNA detection assays. Vet Res Commun 30: 637–643.
38. Ferreira EC, de Lana M, Carneiro M, Reis AB, Paes DV, et al. (2007) Comparison of serological assays for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in animals presenting different clinical manifestations. Vet Parasitol 146: 235–241.
39. Dietze R, Barros GB, Teixeira L, Harris J, Michelson K, et al. (1997) Effect of eliminating seropositive canines on the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Clin Infect Dis 25: 1240–1242.
40. Hailu A, Menon JN, Berhe N, Gedamu L, Hassard TH, et al. (2001) Distinct immunity in patients with visceral leishmaniasis from that in subclinically infected and drug-cured people: implications for the mechanism underlying drug cure. J Infect Dis 184: 112–115.
41. Jose FF, da Silva IM, Araujo MI, Almeida RP, Bacellar O, et al. (2001) Avaliacao do poder sensibilizante da reacao de Montenegro. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 34: 537–542.
42. Fagundes A, Marzochi MC, Perez M, Schubach A, Ferreira A, et al. (2007) Skin reactivity to thimerosal and phenol-preserved Montenegro antigen in Brazil. Acta Trop 101: 25–30.
43. Szklo M, Nieto FJ (2014) Epidemiology: beyond the basics. Burlington, Mass.: Jones & Bartlett Learning. xiii, 515 p.
44. Grimaldi G, JrTeva A, Santos CB, Ferreira AL, Falqueto A, (2012) The effect of removing potentially infectious dogs on the numbers of canine Leishmania infantum infections in an endemic area with high transmission rates. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 966–971.
45. Ashford DA, David JR, Freire M, David R, Sherlock I, et al. (1998) Studies on control of visceral leishmaniasis: impact of dog control on canine and human visceral leishmaniasis in Jacobina, Bahia, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 53–57.
46. Feliciangeli MD, Mazzarri MB, Blas SS, Zerpa O, (2003) Control trial of Lutzomyia longipalpis s.l. in the Island of Margarita, Venezuela. Trop Med Int Health 8: 1131–1136.
47. De Souza VMM, Juliano FS, Neves RCS, Magalhaes PB, Bisinotto TV, et al. (2008) Ensaio comunitário para avaliação da efetividade de estratégias de prevenção e controle da leishmaniose visceral humana no Município de Feira de Santana, Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde 17: 97–106.