The re-emergence of American visceral leishmaniasis in an old focus in Venezuela: Present situation of human and canine infections

Parasite

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 317-323

  Delgado, O ^a   Feliciangeli, M D ^b,f,g   Gomez, B ^b   Alvarado, J ^c   Garcia L ^d   Bello, C ^e  

^a UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE VENEZUELA   (Venezuela)

^b UNIVERSIDAD DE CARABOBO   (Venezuela)

^c Hospital Central de Maracay   (Venezuela)

^d INSTITUTO DE BIOMEDICINA   (Venezuela)

^e Instituto de Investigaciones Veterinarias   (Venezuela)

^f Esc Malariologia y Saneamiento A   (Venezuela)

^g NONE   (Venezuela)

Author keywords

AVL; Canine visceral leishmaniasis; Human visceral leishmaniasis; Re emergence; Venezuela

Indexed keywords

CANIS FAMILIARIS; LEISHMANIA SP.; PHLEBOTOMINAE;

PROTOZOON ANTIBODY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BLOOD; CASE REPORT; CHILD; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DOG; DOG DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; INFANT; LEISHMANIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEWBORN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SEX RATIO; SKIN TEST; VENEZUELA; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DOG DISEASES; DOGS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; LEISHMANIA; LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SKIN TESTS; VENEZUELA;

EID: 0032238055     PISSN: 1252607X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1051/parasite/1998054317     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. AGUILAR C.M., FERNANDEZ E., FERNANDEZ R., CANNOVA D.C., FERRER E., CABRERA Z., SOUZA W.J.S. & COUTINHO S.G. Urban visceral leishmaniasis in Venezuela. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 1998, 93, 15-16.
2. ALI A. & ASHFORD R.W. Visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. I. Cross-sectional leishmanin skin test in an endemic locality. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1993a, 87, 157-161.
3. ALI A. & ASHFORD R.W. Visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. II. Annual leishmanin transformation in a population. Is positive leishmanin reaction a life-long phenomenon? Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1993b, 87, 157-161.
4. AMARAL A.D.F., TORREALBA J.W., HENRIQUEZ C.E., KOWALENKO W. & BARRIOS P.A. Studies on visceral leishmaniasis in Venezuela. Revista do Instituto de Medicina tropical de Sâo Paulo, 1661a, 3, 91-98.
5. AMARAL A.D.F., TORREALBA J.W., HENRIQUEZ C.E., KOWALENKO W. & BARRIOS P.A. Revisión sobre el kala-azar en Venezuela. Folia Clinica Biologica, 1961b, 30, 14-24.
6. AMARAL A.D.F., TORREALBA J.W., HENRIQUEZ C.E., KOWALENKO W. & BARRIOS P.A. Consideraciones sobre el kala-azar en el mundo y su presencia comprobada en Venezuela desde 1941. Revista Venezolana de Sanidad y Asistencia Social, 1961c, 26, 350-356.
7. AMARAL A.D.F., TORREALBA J.W., HENRIQUEZ C.E., KOWALENKO W. & BARRIOS P.A. Phlebotomus longipalpis Lutz & Neiva, 1912, probable transmisor de la lesihmaniasis visceral en Venezuela. Gaceta Médica de Caracas, 1961d, 70, 389-408.
8. ARIAS J.R., MONTEIRO P.S., ZICKER F. The re-emergence of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 1996, 2, 145-146.
9. ASHFORD R.W. & SMITH D.H. Leishmaniasis in Sudan, Ethiopia and Kenya. In: Human Parasitic Diseases. Vol. 1, Chang K.P. & Bray R.S. (eds) Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1985, 377-391.
10. BADARO B., JONES T.C., LORENÇO R., CERF B.J., SAMPAIO D., CARVALHO E.M., ROCHA R., TEIXEIRA R. & JOHNSON W.D. A prospective study of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Brasil. The Journal of infectious diseases, 1986, 154, 639-649.
11. BRAY R.S., ASHFORD R.W., MUHERFELD A.M. & SEN GUPTA P.C. Studies on the inmunology and serology of the leishmaniasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1973, 67, 125-129.
12. BUSSARD A. Description d'une technique combinant simultanément l'électrosynérèse. Biochemica et Biophisica Acta, 1959, 34, 258-260.
13. CORREDOR A., GALLEGO J.F., TESH R., MORALES A., FERRO DE CARRASQUILLA C., YOUNG D., KREUTZER R.D., BISHELL J., PALAU M.T., CACERES E. & PELAEZ D. Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Colombia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1989, 40, 480-486.
14. DELGADO O., ORIHUELA R., GARCIA L., SCORZA J.V., SIMONOVIC E., SILVA S. & MATTEI R. Especificidad y sensibilidad de las técnicas de inmunoelectroforesis e inmuno-fluorescencia indirecta en el diagnóstico de la leishmaniasis visceral. Boletín Venezolano de Infectología, 1978, 3, 13-16.
15. EVANS T.G., TEIXIERA J.M., MCAULLIFE I.T., VASCONCELOS J.A.B., VASCONCELOS A.W., SOUSA, A.Q., LIMA J. W.O. & PEARSON R.G. Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1992, 166, 1124-1132.
16. EWEL, J. J. & MADRIZ A. Zonas de vida de Venezuela. Memoria explicativa sobre el mapa ecológico. Editorial Sucre, Caracas. 1968, 264.
17. FELICIANGELI M.D., GOMEZ B., DELGADO O., GARCIA L. & BELLO C. Leishmaniasis visceral en el caserío La Ganaderia de Guayabita, estado Aragua, Venezuela. Infecciôn natural de Lutzomyia evansi (Diptera: Psychodidae) a Leishmania spp. Acta Científica Venezonala, 1993, 44 (Suppl. 1), 262.
18. GUTMAN B., ALEXANDER E., & WISE R. Positive formol-gel reaction associated with hyperglobulinemia in lymphogranuloma inguinale, multiple myeloma and hepatic cirrhosis. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 1937, 35, 124-128.
19. MARTINEZ NIOCHET A. & PONS A.R. Primer caso de kala-azar en Venezuela. Gaceta Médica de Caracas, 1941, 48, 329-332.
20. NANDY A., NEOGY A.A. & CHOWDHURY A.B. Leishmanin test survey in an endemic village of Indian Kala-azar near Calcutta. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1987, 81, 693-699.
21. PAMPIGLIONE S., MANSON-BAHR P.E.G., LA PLACA M., BORGATTI M. & MUDUMECI S. Studies on Mediterranean leishmaniasis. 3. The leishmanin skin test in kala-azar. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 1975, 69, 60-68.
22. PAPPAS M.G., MC GREEVY P.B., HAJKOWSKI R., HENDRICKS L.D., OSTER C.N. & HOCKMEYER W.T. Evaluation of promastigote and amastigote antigens in the indirect fluorescent antibody test for American cutaneous leishmaniasis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1983, 32, 1260-1267.
23. PIFANO F. Estado actual del kala-azar ern Venezuela. Archivos Venezolanos de Patología Tropical y Parasitología Médica, 1954, 2, 213-219.
24. PIFANO F. & ROMERO M.J. Investigaciones epidemiológicas sobre la leishmaniasis visceral en la Isla de Margarita, Edo. Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. Gaceta Médica de Caracas, 1964a, 72, 425-430.
25. PIFANO F. & ROMERO M.J. Comprobación de un nuevo foco de leishmaniasis visceral en Venezuela, Valle de Cumanacoa, Edo. Sucre. Gaceta Médica de Caracas, 1964b, 72, 473-479.
26. PIFANO F. Algunos aspectos en la ecología y epidemiología de las enfermedades endémicas con focos naturales en el area tropical, especialmente en Venezuela. Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social (ed) Caracas, 1969.
27. RAB M.A., FRAME J.A., & EVANS D.A. The role of the dogs in the epidemiology of human visceral leishmaniasis in northen Pakistan. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 1995, 89, 612-615.
28. SHIDDO S.A., ADEN MOHAMEDD A., AKUFFO H.O., HERZI A.A., HAJI MOHAMED H., HULDT G., NILSSON LA., OUCHTERLONY O. & THORSTENSSON R. Visceral leishmaniasis in Somalia: prevalence of markers of infection and disease manifestations in a village in an endemic area. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 1995, 89, 361-368.
29. SOKAL J.E. Measurement of delayed skin-test responses. New England Journal of Medicine, 1975, 293, 501-502.
30. SOUTHGATE B.A. & MANSON-BARR P.E.C. Studies on the epidemiology of East African leishmaniasis. 4. The significance of the positive leishmanin test. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1967, 70, 29-33.
31. TORREALBA J.W., AMARAL A.D.F., HENRIQUEZ C.E., KOWALENKO W. & BARRIOS P.A. Observaciones iniciales sobre el perro (Canis familiaris) como reservorio de kala-azar en Venezuela. Revista de Sanidad y Asistencia Social, 1961, 26, 342-349.
32. TORREALBA J.W. & TORREALBA J.F. Infección experimental de Cerdocyon thous (zorro común) con Leishmania donovani. Gaceta Médica de Caracas, 1964, 72, 17-18.
33. TORREALBA J.W. Observaciones sobre diagnóstico, terapéutica y evolución de la leishmaniasis humana y canina. Thesis, Valencia, 1970, 367 pp.
34. TOWBIN H., STAEHELIN T. & GORDON J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA, 1979, 76, 4350.
35. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Manual of visceral leishmaniasis. 1996. WHO/LEISH/96.40.