The Cerebellum in Autism

The Neurology of Autism

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages

  DeLong, G Robert ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Autism; Cerebellar function; Cerebellar mutism; Cerebellar pathology; Serotonin

Indexed keywords

EID: 84920446078     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195182224.003.0003     Document Type: Chapter

References (34)

1. Allen G, Courchesne E (2003) Differential effects of developmental cerebellar abnormality on cognitive and motor functions in the cerebellum: an fMRI study of autism. American Journal of Psychiatry 160:262-273.
2. Chugani DC (2002) Role of altered brain serotonin mechanisms in autism. Molecular Psychiatry 7:S16-S17.
3. Chugani DC, Musik O, Rothermal R, Behen M, Chakraborty P, Mangner T, da Silva EA, Chugoni HT (1997) Altered serotonin synthesis in the dentatothalamocortical pathway in autistic boys. Annals of Neurology 42:666-669.
4. Critchley HD, Daly EM, Bullmore ET, Williams SC, Van Amelsvoort T, Robertson DM, Rowe A, Phillips M, McAlonan G, Howlin P, Murphy DG (2000) The functional neuroanatomy of social behaviour: changes in cerebral blood flow when people with autistic disorder process facial expressions. Brain 23:2203-2212.
5. DelBello MP, Strakowski SM, Zimmerman ME, Hawkins JM, Sax KW (1999) MRI analysis of the cerebellum in bipolar disorder: a pilot study. Neuropsychopharmacology 121:63-68.
6. Fatemi SH (2002) The role of reelin in pathology of autism. Molecular Psychiatry 7:919-920.
7. Fatemi SH, Halt AR, Realmuto G, Earle J, Kist DA, Thuras P, Merz A (2002a) Purkinje cell size is reduced in cerebellum of patients with autism. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 22:171-175.
8. Fatemi SH, Halt AR, Stary JM, Kanodia R, Schulz SC, Realmuto GR (2002b) Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and 67 kDa proteins are reduced in autistic parietal and cerebellar cortices. Biological Psychiatry 52:805-810.
9. Fatemi SH, Stary JM, Halt AR, Realmuto GR (2001) Dysregulation of reelin and Bcl-2 proteins in autistic cerebellum. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 31:529-535.
10. Kates WR, Mostofsky SH, Zimmerman AW, Mazzocco MM, Landa R, Warsofsky IS, Kaufmann WE, Reiss AL (1998) Neuroanatomical and neurocognitive differences in a pair of monozygous twins discordant for strictly defined autism. Annals of Neurology 43:782-791.
11. Kaufmann WE, Cooper KL, Mostofsky SH, Capone GT, Kates WR, Newscoffer CJ, Bukelis I, Stemp MH, Lamm AE, Laubam DC (2003) Specificity of cerebella XXXX abnormalities in autism: aquontitavia 1DRS study. Journal of Child Neurology 18:463-470.
12. Kemper TL, Bauman ML (2002) Neuropathology of infantile autism. Molecular Psychiatry 7:S12-S13.
13. Lee M, Martin-Ruiz C, Graham A, Court J, Jaros E, Perry R, Iversen P, Bauman M, Perry E (2002) Nicotinic receptor abnormalities in the cerebellar cortex in autism. Brain 125:1483-1495.
14. Marien P, Engelborghs S, Fabbro F, De Deyn PP (2001) The lateralized linguistic cerebellum: a review and a new hypothesis. Brain and Language 79:580-600.
15. Mottaghy FM, Shah NJ, Krause BJ, Schmidt D, Halsband U, Jancke L, Muller-Gartner HW (1999) Neuronal correlates of encoding and retrieval in episodic memory during a paired-word association learning task: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Experimental Brain Research 128:332-342.
16. Muller RA, Chugani DC, Behen ME, Rothermel RD, Muzik O, Chakraborty PK, Chugani HT (1998) Impairment of dentatothalamocortical pathway in autistic men: language activation data from positron emission tomography. Neuroscience Letters 245:1-4.
17. Muller RA, Pierce K, Ambrose JB, Allen G, Courchesne E (2001) Atypical patterns of cerebral motor activation in autism: a function al magnetic resonance study. Biological Psychiatry 49:665-676.
18. Nabbout B, DeLong GR (2002) Fluoxetine treatment reversed cerebellar mutism in two children (Abstract). Annals of Neurology.
19. Persico AM, D'Agruma L, Maiorano N, Totaro A, Militerni R, Bravaccio C, Wassink TH, Schneider C, Malmed R, Trillo S, et al. (2001) Reelin gene alleles and haplotypes as a factor predisposing to autistic disorder. Molecular Psychiatry 6:150-159.
20. Pierce K, Courchesne E (2001) Evidence for a cerebellar role in reduced exploration and stereotyped behavior in autism. Biological Psychiatry 49:655-664.
21. Pollack IF, Polinko P, Albright AL, Towbin R, Fitz C (1995) Mutism and pseudobulbar symptoms after resection of posterior fossa tumors in children: incidence and pathophysiology. Neurosurgery 37(5):885-893.
22. Purcell AE, Jeon OH, Zimmerman AW, Blue ME, Pevsner J (2001) Postmortem brain abnormalities of the glutamate neurotransmitter system in autism. Neurology 57:1618-1628.
23. Riva D, Giorgi C. (2000) The cerebellum contributes to higher functions during development: evidence from a series of children surgically treated for posterior fossa tumours. Brain 123:1051-1061.
24. Saarelainen T, Hendolin P, Lucas G, Koponen E, Sairanen M, MacDonald E, Agerman K, Haapasalo A, Nawa H, Aloyz R, Ernfors P, Castren E (2003) Activation of the TrkB neurotrophin receptor is induced by antidepressant drugs and is required for antidepressant-induced behavioral effects. Journal of Neuroscience 23:349-357.
25. Sagiuchi T, Ishii K, Aoki Y, Kan S, Utsuki S, Tanaka R, Fujii K, Hayakawa K (2001) Bilateral crossed cerebello-cerebral diaschisis and mutism after surgery for cerebellar medulloblastoma. Annals of Nuclear Medicine 15:157-160.
26. Schmahmann JD, Sherman JC (1998) The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. Brain 121:561-579.
27. Scott RB, Stoodley CJ, Anslow P, Paul C, Stein JF, Sugden EM, Mitchell CD (2001) Lateralized cognitive deficits in children following cerebellar lesions. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 43(10):685-691.
28. Sparks BF, Friedman SD, Shaw DW, Aylward EH, Echelard D, Artru AA, Maravilla KR, Giedd JN, Munson J, Dawson G, Dager SR (2002) Brain structural abnormalities in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Neurology 59:184-192.
29. Steinlin M, Styger M, Boltshauser E. (1999) Cognitive impairments in patients with congenital nonprogressive cerebellar ataxia. Neurology 53:966-973.
30. Townsend J, Westerfield M, Leaver E, Makeig S, Jung T, Pierce K, Courchesne E (2001) Event-related brain response abnormalities in autism: evidence for impaired cerebellofrontal spatial attention networks. Cognitive Brain Research 11:127-145.
31. Vandiense D, Hornyak JE (1997) Linguistic and cognitive deficits associated with cerebellar mutism. Pediatric Rehabilitation 1:41-44.
32. Victor M, Ropper AH (2001) Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology (7th ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill.
33. Wassink TH, Schneider C, Melmed R, Trillo S, Montecchi F, Palermo M, Pascucci T, Puglisi-Allegra S, Reichelt KL, Conciatori M, Marino R, Quattrocchi CC, Baldi A, Zelante L, Gasparini P, Keller F (2001) Reelin gene alleles and haplotypes as a factor predisposing to autistic disorder. Molecular Psychiatry 6:150-159.
34. Zhang H, Liu X, Zhang C, Mundo E, Macciardi F, Grayson DR, Guidotti AR, Holden JJ (2002) Reelin gene alleles and susceptibility to autism spectrum disorders. Molecular Psychiatry 7:1012-1007.